2019版高考英语二轮专题复习练习：专题二十一生态环保类阅读社会文化类阅读.doc.pdf

（2018浙江温州六校联考） 专题二十一生态环保类阅读+社会文化类阅 读+ 完形填空 +语篇填空 +短文改错 高考题型强化练第55页 I ?阅读理解 The Maldives faces the threat of extinction from rising sea levels,but the govemment said on Thursday it was looking to the future with plans to build homes and a golf course that can float. An increase in sea levels of just 18 to 59 centimeters would make the Maldives a nation of a number of tiny coral islands in the Indian Ocean not suitable for humans to live in by 2100,the UN's climate change experts have warned ? President Mohamed Nasheed has declared a fight for survival,and last month he signed a deal with a Dutch company to study suggestions for a floating structure that could support a conference centre,homes and an 18- hole golf course? The company,Dutch Docklandsjs cuirently building floating developments in the Netherlands and Dubai.Its website said it undertook projects that make Tand from water by providing large-scale floating constructions to create similar conditions as on land' The Maldives began to work on an artificial island known as the Hulhumale near the crowded capital island of Male in 1997 and more than 30,000 people have been settled there in order to ease crowdedness.The city,which has a population of 100,0003s already protected from rising sea levels by a 30-million-dollar sea wall,and the government is considering increasingly imaginative ways to fight climate change ? Nasheed,who held the world's first underwater cabinet（内M） meeting in October to highlight his peopled serious and difficult situation,has even spoken of buying land elsewhere in the world to enable Maldivians to relocate if their homes are completely covered. He has also promised to turn his nation into a model for the rest of the world by becoming “carbon neutral （碳中和广by 2020.His plan invoIves ending fossil fuel use and powering all vehicles and buildings from “green sources such as burning coconut husks. 【语篇解读】本文是生态环保类阅读。讲述马尔代夫人民面对海平面的上升不得不考虑如何应对被淹 没的可能。现在他们开始在首都附近建了一个人工岛Hulhumale,现在已经有30,000多人 搬到了这个岛上， 缓解了一些压力。最后文章呼吁人们减少二氧化碳的排放。 l.Which of the following about the Maldives is right according to the passage? A. It is made up of many small islands. B. It has been covered by water now. C.Its people live in underwater houses. D.Its people live in their floating homes. 答案A 解+析细节理解题o 根据第二段“An increase in sea levels of just 18 to 59 centimeters would make the Maldivesa nation of a number of tiny coral islands in the Indian Ocean not suitable for humans to live in by 2100“可知，马尔代夫由很多小岛组成，预计2100年可能被水淹没，不是现在，所以A项正确，而B 项丰皆 误; 再扌艮据第一壬殳“but the government said on Thursday it was looking to the future with plans to build homes and a golf course that can float/ 5 可知C 项和D 项错误。答案为A 项。 2.What probably is the reason why Mohamed Nasheed chose Dutch Docklands for his plan? A. It has a good fame throughout the world. B. It charged much less than other companies. C.It has experience in building floating structures. D.It supports building floating structures in the world. 答案C 解+析细节理解题。根据第四段“Its website said it undertook projects that make 'land from water by providing large-scale floating constructions to create similar conditions as on land'“可知，这家公司的网站上 显示他们曾经承担过类似的在水上建造建筑物的任务，所以答案为C项。 3.Why did the Maldives begin to build the Hulhumale? A.Because it could attract more visitors ? B.Because the country intended to make it a new capital. D.Because it could make the capital less crowded. 答案D 解+析细节理解题。根据第五段“The Maldives began to work on an artificial island known as the Hulhumale near the crowded capital island of Male in 1997 and more than 30,000 people have been settled there in order to ease crowdedness. M 可知，建立Hulhumale的目的是为了减轻首都的交通拥堵状况。答案为D 项。 4.What is the author's purpose in writing the passage? A. To promote the idea of low-carbon living style. B. To tell people that the Maldives is disappearing soon. C. To discuss the causes why the Maldives faces extinction. D.To introduce the efforts taken by Maldivians to fight for life. 答案D 解+析憶图态度题。文章主要介绍了由于马尔代夫是个岛国，海平面的上升有可能导致这个岛国被淹 没, 以及马尔代夫为解决人类生存这一问题而采取的措施。 （2018四川南充质检） My daughter went to see The Wild One recently and she commented that Marlon Brando was wearing jeans so long ago.Of course he helped set the trend,so that got me thinking about the link between films and trends in fashion.Fashion and films have gone hand in hand for ong.The Wild One is a good example:it appeared in 1954,starring Brando.Dressed in a black leather motorcycle jacket,leather cap and jeans，he created a look which is still considered “coo广today.Everyone from Madonna to middle-aged men is seen wearing the classic leather motorcycle jacke匚 Another strong influence on fashion trends was Breakfast at Tiffimy 9starring Audrey Hepburn.She made famous the simple black dress that looks perfect at either a cocktail party or just standing around an expensive department store like Tiffany ，s with a pastry and coffee in your hand,as Audrey Hepburn does in the film.She looks so elegant,wearing simple but beautiful dresses,big dark glasses and a string of pearls around her neck.Audrey Hepburn still influences women's fashion with her “Tiffany's look“. In more modern times,the film star Uma Thurman created a major fashion trend when she appeared in the film Pulp Fiction,made in 1994.Her style was very simple.Her black trousers,crisp white shirt and hair style were copied by women in the world. Influencing fash io n trends can often be about timing.The movie Memoirs of a Geisha came just in time to start a trend in Japanese fashion.lt starred the Chinese actress Zhang Ziyi,who wore beautiful silk kimonos （和月艮） ,and it won an Oscar for Costume Design.Many travel companies picked up on the trend and ran “geisha trips“ to Japan.The film has also led to a regained interest in kimonos.lt is now quite common to see young Japanese women wearing kimonos not just on traditional occasions,but at various social events.The fash ion is also beginning to spread to western countries. 【语篇解读】本文是社会文化类阅读。主要介绍了电影对时尚的影响，并通过具体的例子来证 明这一点。 A.Films and fashion B.Stars 9 fashion C.Influential films D.Film cultures B.Audrey Hepburn. Uma Thurman. Marlon Brando. 5. What is the best title of the passage? 答案A 解+析主旨犬意题。根据第一段第二句“Of course he helped set the trend,so that got me thinking about the link between films and trends in fashion/ 5 可知，本文通过马龙? 白兰度的著名电影The Wild One引出 了 电影能够影响流行吋尚趋势的话题。接下来列举多部电影引起流行时尚变化的例子，由此可知本文正是关 于电影和时尚的。答案为A项。 6.Who will people associate Madonna wearing the leather motorcycle jacket with? 答案D 解+析| 细节理解题。根据第一段后三句“77?幺Wild One is a good example:it appeared in 1954,starring Brando.Dressed in a black leather motorcycle jacket Jeather cap and jeans,he created a look which is still considered 'cool' today.Everyone from Madonna to middle-aged men is seen wearing the classic leather moiorcycle jacket.“可知，正是Brando在电影The Wild One中的机车夹克、牛仔裤和皮帽子的服装创造出 一种现在人们仍然认为很酷的时尚潮流，当麦当娜穿上这样的服装的时候，人们会联想到马龙?白兰度。答 案为D项。 7.What is implied in the film Breakfast at Tiffany's according to the passage? A. One can be active by wearing black ? B. One can be elegant by wearing simply. C. One can be famous by looking perfect. D.One can be stylish by eating at Tiffany's. 答案|B 解+析推理判断题。根据文章第二段倒数第二句“She looks so elegant,wearing simple but beautiful dresses,big dark glasses and a string of pearls around her neck.“可知, 在电影Breakfast at Tiffany 中Tiffany开创了 一种简约而优雅的时尚服饰潮流。答案为B项。 S.What does the film Memoirs of a Geisha lead to? A. The popularity of the Chinese actress. B. The worldwide reading of Geisha stories. C. The recovery of interest in kimonos. D. The “geisha trips“ to social events. Igc 解+析细节理解题。根据文章最后一段倒数第三句“The film has also led to a regained interest in kimonos.“可 知，电影Memoirs of a Geisha重新激发了人们对日本和服的喜爱。答案为C项。 II ?完形填空 （2018广西南宁模考） On the night of October 16th,coming up at ten o'clock,my mother prepared what would be my father last meal.That week he worked shifts.He started at midnight. Just after 2 am,the group went for coffee.There was a 2 that always had to be operated and he said,TFs okay.You guys all 3 and Fll work it： The machine would 4 quickly,occasionally Jor one moment Dad made a 5 一he didrf t pay attention,and his head was stuck in the machine.In panic,the workers 6 back and cut the base of the machine and transported it with him in the ambulance. Mother was 7 that there was an accident and to meet at the 8 .My oldest brother Ken,then sixteen, 9 mother there,and my other brother Bob,then fourteen,stayed with me at home.Father died on the road. 2.A.duty B.job C.truck D.machi ne B.go D.watch When we were overcome with the 10 ,a spokesperson for the hospital 1 1 my mother if they could take one of my father's eyes they had a person 12 it.My mother replied/ 4Yes Years laterjn the late summerj was at the Woodlawn Cemetery where my father body rests.As I finished 13 and stood,a man from behind me said/'How are you now,Frank?” Knowing only the 14 .and his friends and co- workers called him “Frank“15 thought that this man must have 16 him.As I turned to face himj replied,“HMs my father/' This man,Frank Bazylak,as I would learn lateireplied, uI 17 with your father for a short timejust over a year,but he made an impact on my life.He was so powerful,so 18 and so giving.You know,he wasn't meant to be there that day.But that was Frank.“ Almost four decades later and from a 19 .there in the cemetery,Fd heard 2() stories about my father ? 【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。作者的爸爸在工厂发生事故后去世，妈妈在医院同意捐献他的一只 眼睛。最后通过与一位陌生人的对话说明了父亲的美德。 l.A.morning B.noon C.night D.afterno on ggc 解+析根据第一段第一句中的“On the night“和空后的“He started at midnight“可知 , 爸爸应该是上夜班。所以选 C项。 答案D 解+析根据空后的“had to be openitecT和TY work it“可知，此处应是一台机器需要一直有人操作。另 外第三段第一句中的,The machine would 4 quickly ”也是提示。 3.A.stay C-hide B 解+析根据第二段第一句中的“the gro叩went for coffee”以及最后一句中的'Til work it“可推断，此处指离开 ( 去喝咖啡 ) ，故选B项。 4.A.move B. break C.cha nge D.fly 答案R 硏新| 根据语境可知，此处是指这台机器运转(move)很快。 5.A.decision B.difference C.life D.m istake 答案 角軒丽根据空后内容可知, 此处指爸爸犯了一个错误。 6.A.walked B.rushed C.looked D.turned 答案|B 角軒新 | 根据上文可知，其他人都去喝咖啡了, 所以爸爸的头卡在机器里时，他们应该是快速赶(nished)回。 7.A.warned B.m inded C.informed D.threatened 答邓 解亟根据常识可知 , 爸爸发生事故，这时应是通知妈妈到医院去, 所以选C项。warn“警告，提醒”;mind“介 意 M ;inform “告知，通知jthreaten 44 威胁，恐吓”。 8.A.factory B.office C.hospital D.workplace 解+析根据句意可知，应该是通知妈妈去医院, 所以选C项。 9.A.c-o/mforted B. urged C.calmed D.drove 答案|D 輕丽根据语境并结合选项可知，妈妈要到医院去，所以哥哥开车送妈妈去那里。 IO.A.SOITOWB.incide nt C.trouble D.treatment 答案R 硏新| 根据上文可知，父亲的去世使我们处于悲痛之中。be overcome with.“受到的极大影响 “。 11. A.suggested B.asked C.puzzled D.embanassed 答案 箱丽根据空后内容可知, 此处应是询问（asked ）妈妈的意见。 12.A.caring about B.suffering from C.turning to D.waiting for 答案|D 解+析根据语境可以推断，此处是指一个病人（一直）在等待（waiting foij （有人捐献）眼晴来治疗（自己 的 眼睛）。 13.A.blessing B. missing C.praying D.chatting 解+析根据空前的“at the Woodlawn Cemeteiy'并结合生活常识可知，“我“在墓地完成祷告(praying)o bless “祝 福，保佑 14.A.family B.doc tors C.c-o/mpany D.policemen | 答案|A 解+析| 根据空后内容并结合语境可知，“我' 知道只有家人、爸爸的朋友和同事叫他Franko所以选项 A符合语境。 15.A.slowly B.quickly C.nervously D.carefully 答案 解2逝根据上E内容可知， “我' 应是迅速地(quickly)认为这个人一定是认识(known)爸爸的。 16.A.respected B.loved C.recognized D.known 答案|D 解+析respect “ 尊重“;love“爱'recognize“认出”;know“认识”，根据句意可知应选D项。 17.A.discussed B.quarreled C? worked D.agreed 答案 Q 解+析根据空后的“for a short time,just over a year,but he made an impact on my life“和下文中的“he wasn't meant to be there that day“可推知，这个人应该是爸爸的同事，所以空处应指与爸爸一起工作过。 18. A.clever B considerate C.modest D.strict 答案B C.colleague D.brother C.sad 解+析| 根据空前的“powerful和空后的“giving“同时结合上文已经介绍的爸爸让所有的同事去喝咖啡, 自己一 个人留下操作机器以及倒数第二段最后一句可知，爸爸也是一个体贴的(considerate)人。 19. A.stranger B.friend 答案A 解+析根据文章倒数第二、三段可知，“我' 琏墓地遇到的人于“我而言是一位陌生人。 20.A.wonderful B.cheerful D.false 解+析根据倒数第二段内容可知，文章主要介绍了爸爸的优秀品质。故此处应指我'' 听到了令人惊叹的故 事。wonderful“令人惊叹的 “, 符合语境。 III?语篇填空 (2018江西八校联考 ) 单身狗 Chinese oracle bone inscriptions(甲骨文 )over 3,000 years old are now being widely used as emojis by young WeChat users,thanks to a person who made them 1 _ close) to people's life than before ? “The ancient characters are not as cool and distant 2 _ they are supposed to bej said the 3. _ (create) Chen Nan/'In fact,they are cute and humorous,and they could totally serve our needs for online expression/' 4. _ 46-year-old professor of fine art at Tsinghua University has been working to make oracle bone inscriptions into emojis.For example,the character for “zui5. _ means “drunk in English,was created 6. _ (look) like a stumbling figure? Chen has also combined the ancient Chinese characters with cartoon figures.A cartoon video clip 7._ “Ftiio 上 天 (feature) oracle bone inscriptions designed by him was viewed 31 million times and shared 140,000 times. Chen worked on the road of innovation 19 years ago.In 2016,the ancient typeface & _ (include) into the font libraiy under his efforts to let the ancient words walk into people's life.Now the library has as many as 3,500 characters. _Chen's research on the project still continues,as he plans to extend the library to 7,000 characters.In the future,he will apply the ancient characters 10. _ education and development of games and apps? 答案与解 +析 【语篇解读】本文是说明文。讲述了中国冇着300()多年历史的甲骨文正在被年轻的微信用户们用作表 情包广泛使用。 1 .closer考查形容词比较级。根据后面的than before可知应该用形容词比较级。 2. as考查连词。句意 : 甲骨文没有它们看上去的那么高冷深沉。as.as “像一样“ 。 3. creator考查名词。这里指产品的创造者，所以用名词creatoro 4. The 考查冠词。这里特指46? year? old professor“四十六岁的教授 “, 所以用定冠词The。 5. which 考查定语从句。这里考查非限定性定语从句,which指代前面的先行词the character for “zui ”。 6. to look 考查非谓语动词。句意: 它被设计的看起来就像一个歪歪斜斜的人。这里用不定式表目的。 7. featuring 考查非谓语动词。句意: 一个由他设计的甲骨i?动画视频浏览量达3100万次。feature 作为动词意 思是“以为特征或特色，描写的特征“, 这里考查动词加g形式作后置定语。 8. was included 考查时态和语态。句意:2016年甲骨 *被纳入字体库，古老的文字走进了人们的生活。根据时 间状语“in 2016“可知用过去时态，且“the ancient typeface”与“include“之间是被动关系，所以用过去时的被动 语态。 9.but/yet考查连词。句意 : 现在, 甲骨文字体库里已有3500个汉字，不过陈楠的研究工程仍在继续。这里前 后句为转折关系。 lO.to 考查固定搭配。句意 : 将来，他还打算将甲骨*元素融入文化教育产业、小游戏开发、app等 领域。 apply.to.“将 应用在 ”。 IV.短文改错 （2018辽宁大连联考） Nobody could have failed to notice the fact that drunk driving has become a grave problem what we are faced with.Reports are often heard about deaths result from drunk driving. A number of factor might have led to this problem.Firstly,Chinese have the custom of urging guests to drink more and regard them as a sign of hospitality.Secondly,the boom of Chinese economy in the past decades brought along a sharp increase in a number of private cars. Lastly Jaws and regulations were not severely enough in the past. To our relief,relevant laws and regulations have been put into the effect to punish those who drives after drinking.And more can be done to avoid drunk driving until things get worse. 答案 Nobody could have failed to notice the fact that drunk driving has become a grave problem we are faced with.Reports are often heard about deaths from drunk driving ? A number of might have led to this problem.Firstly,Chinese have the custom of urging guests to drink more and regard as a sign of hospitality.Secondly,the boom of Chinese economy in the past decades brought along a sharp increase in a number of private cars.LastlyJaws and regulati