中考时态总结.pdf

一、一般现在时的用法 1) 经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频度的时间状语连用。 时间状语：every , sometimes,at , on Sunday I leave home for school at 7 every morning. He cycles to work every day. 2) 客观真理，客观存在，科学事实。 The earth moves around the sun. Shanghai lies in the east of China. Water boils at 100 centigrade degrees. 3) 表示格言或警句中。 Pride goes before a fall.骄者必败。 注意： 此用法如果出现在宾语从句中，即使主句是过去时，从句谓语也要用一般现在时。例 如： Columbus proved that the earth is round. 4) 现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。 I don't want so much. Ann Wang writes good English but does not speak well. 比较： Now I put the sugar in the cup. I am doing my homework now. 第一句用一般现在时， 用于操作演示或指导说明的示范性动作，表示言行的瞬间动作。 再如： Now watch me, I switch on the current and stand back. 第二句中的now 是进行时的标志， 表示正在进行的动作的客观状况。 知识扩展：一般现在时表将来 1）下列动词： come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return 的一般现在时表将来。这主要用来表 示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。 The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. When does the bus star? It stars in ten minutes. 2）倒装句，表示动作正在进行，如： Here comes the bus. = The bus is coming. There goes the bell. = The bell is ringing. 3）在时间或条件句中。 When Bill comes ( 不是 will come), ask him to wait for me. I'll write to you as soon as I arrive there. 4）在动词hope, take care that, make sure that等后。 I hope they have a nice time next week. Make sure that the windows are closed before you leave the room. 二、一般过去时的用法 1）在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。 时间状语有：yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982 等。 Where did you go just now? I saw Tom in the street yesterday. I bought this TV set in Beijing last year. 2）表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。 When I was a child, I often played football in the street. He always went to work by bus. He used to act like that. 3）用过去时表示现在，表示语气委婉礼貌。 （1）动词 want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等。例如： Did you want anything else? I wanted to ask you about that. Did you want to speak to me now? I wondered if you could help me. （2）情态动词could, would ，例如： Could you lend me your bike? 4）用在条件句中表示与现在或将来事实不符的虚拟语气。 If I were a bird, I would fly to Beijing. If he were here now, we could turn to him for help. 注意比较下列句型： It is time for sb. to do sth“ 到 时间了；该 了” ，例如： It is time for you to go to bed.你该睡觉了。 It is time sb. did sth. “时间已迟了；早该 了” ，例如： It is time you went to bed.你早该睡觉了。 would (had) rather sb. did sth.表示 “ 宁愿某人做某事” ，例如： I'd rather you came tomorrow. 一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去，现已不复存在。 Christine was an invalid all her life.(含义：她已不在人间。) Christine has been an invalid all her life.(含义：她现在还活着) Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years. (含义：达比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。) Mrs. Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years. ( 含义：现在还住在肯塔基州，有可能指刚 离去 ) 三、一般将来时 1) shall 用于第一人称，常被will 所代替。 will 在陈述句中用于各人称，在征求意见时常用于第二人称。 Which paragraph shall I read first ？ Will you be at home at seven this evening? 2) be going to + 不定式，表示将来。 a. 主语的意图，即将做某事或打算做某事。 What are you going to do tomorrow? b. 计划，安排要发生的事。 The play is going to be produced next month. c. 有迹象要发生的事 Look at the dark clouds; there is going to be a storm. 3) be +不定式表将来，按计划或正式安排将发生的事。 We are to discuss the report next Saturday. 4) be about to +不定式，意为马上做某事。 He is about to leave for Beijing. 注意： be about to 不能与 tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。 be going to / will 的用法之比较： 用于条件句时，be going to 表将来， will 表意愿。例如： If you are going to make a journey, you'd better get ready for it as soon as possible. Now if you will take off your clothes, we will fit the new clothes on you in front of the mirror. be to 和 be going to 的用法之比较： be to 表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事。而 be going to 则表示主观的打算或计划。例如： I am to play football tomorrow afternoon. (客观安排 ) I'm going to play football tomorrow afternoon. (主观安排 ) 四、现在进行时 1. 表示现在 ( 指说话人说话时) 正在发生的事情。例如： We are waiting for you. 2. 习惯进行：表示长期的或重复性的动作，说话时动作未必正在进行。例如： Mr. Green is writing another novel. (说话时并未在写，只处于写作的状态。) She is learning piano under Mr. Smith. 3. 表示渐变的动词有：get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin 等。 The leaves are turning red. It's getting warmer and warmer. 4. 与 always, constantly, forever 等词连用，表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态，往往 带有说话人的主观色彩。 You are always changing your mind. 知识扩展：不用进行时的动词 1) 事实状态的动词。如：have, belong, possess, cost, owe, exist, include, contain, matter, weigh, measure, continue I have two brothers. This house belongs to my sister. 2) 心理状态的动词。如：know, realize, think see, believe, suppose, imagine, agree, recognize, remember, want, need, forget, prefer, mean, understand, love, hate I need your help. He loves her very much. 3) 瞬间动词。如：accept, receive, complete, finish, give, allow, decide, refuse. I accept your advice. 4) 系动词。如： seem, remain, lie, see, hear, smell, feel, taste, get, become, turn You seem a little tired. 五、过去进行时 1）概念：表示过去某时正在进行的状态或动作。 2）过去进行时的主要用法是描述一件事发生的背景；一个长动作发生的时候，另一个短动 作发生。 3) 常用的时间状语有：this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while 例句： My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself. It was raining when they left the station. When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining. 型例题 1) Mary _ a dress when she cut her finger. A. madeB. is makingC. was makingD. makes 答案 C. 割伤手指是已发生的事情，应用过去时。同时，when 表时间的同时性，“玛丽 在做衣服时 “提供事情发生的背景，因此用过去进行时。 2) As she _ the newspaper, Granny _ asleep. A. read; was fallingB. was reading; fell C. was reading; was fallingD. read; fell 答案 B.句中的 as = when, while ，意为 “当 之时 “。描述一件事发生的背景时，用过去 进行；一个长动作发生的时候，另一个短动作发生。句意为“在她看报纸时，奶奶睡着了。 “句中的fell (fall 的过去时 )，是系动词，后跟形容词，如：fall sick 。 六.现在完成时态 1. 用法：过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果：强调结果 E.g： Yesterday I finished my homework, that s to say, I have finished my homework now. 过去已经开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态：强调继续 E.g.:： I have lived here since 1990. 2. 现在完成时的构成havehas+过去分词 3. 现在完成时的四个基本句型 肯定句He has finished the work. 一般疑问句Has he finished the work? 否定句He has not finished the work. 两回答Yes ,he has. No, he hasn t. 特殊疑问句What has he done? 4. 在下列情形下用现在完成时 (1)九词语 already 已经肯定句中或句尾 e.g.: I have already found my pen. = I have found my pen already. yet 已经否定句和疑问句句尾 e.g.： I have not finished the work yet. Have you bought a computer yet? ever 曾经句中 e.g.： Have you ever seen pandas? never 从不句中 e.g.： I have never been to Beijing. just 刚刚句中 e.g.： I have just done my work. before 以前句尾 e.g.： I have never been there before. so far 到目前为止 e.g.： So far he has learnt 200 words. how long 多久 e.g.： How long have you lived here? how many times多少次 e.g.： How many times has he been to Beijing? (2)两词组 havegone to 去了某地 e.g.： He has gone to Beijing (去了北京 ) havebeen to 去过某地 e.g.： He has been to Beijing. (去过北京 ) (3)两结构 for two months for +一段时间Jim has lived here for 2 months. since last year since +过去点时间Lucy has been in Beijing since 3 years ago. since 3 years ago since 1990 since he came here since +过去时态句子He has been in China since he came here. (4).如果句子里面没有时间状语，汉语意思能够加“ 已经 ” ，往往用现在完成时态。 e.g.： Have you lost your library book? 你已经弄丢了从图书馆借的那本书吗？ (5).现在完成时态还常常用于下列句型 They have planted many trees in the last few years. 在过去的几年，他们已经种了很多树。 This is the best book I have ever read. 这是我曾经读过的最好的一本书。 It is the first time I have played the computer games. 这是我第一次玩电脑游戏。 5.在现在完成时中，一次性动词不能和一段时间状语连用 e.g.： He has bought the book for 3 years.（ 错） 因 buy 这个一次性动词不能和一段时间for 3 years 连用 , 改正的办法有五种： He has bought the book (去掉一段时间for 3 years) He bought the book 3 years ago (改为一般过去时，使句子的意思不变) It s 3 years since he bought the book. = 3 years has passed since he bought the book. （改为固定句型It is -since- ） He has not bought the book for 3 years.（改为否定句） He has had the book for 3 years. （用延续性动词have 代替 buy） 6.还有其他一次性动词也是这种情况，可参照前面的五种办法改正，前四种改法都一样， 第五种改法各不相同，举例如下： come/arrive/get to/reach be here e.g：I have come here for 3 years.（错）改为： I have been here for 3 years. leave/go be away e.g.：He has left for 3 hours. （错）改为： He has been away for 3 hours. begin/start be on e.g.：The film has begun for 3 minutes. （错）改为： The film has been on for 3 minutes. open be open / close be closed e.g.： The shop has opened for 3 years.(错) 改为：The shop has been open for 3 years. die be dead e.g.：His father has died for 3 years.(错) 改为：His father has been dead for 3 years. finish/end be over 例：He has finished the work for 3 days.( 错 ) 改为：The work has been over for 3 days join例： I have joined the army for 3 years. （错） 改为： I have been in the army for 3 years. 或 I have been a soldier for 3 years. buy /catch have e.g.：I have bought the bike for 3 years. （错）改为： I have had the bike for 3 years. He has caught a cold for 3 days.（错）改为： He has had a cold for 3 days. borro w keep e.g：I have borrowed the book for 3 years. （错）改为：I have kept the book for 3 years. 还有其它的归纳如下： break be broken get up be up marry be married become be lose be lost 7. 延续性动词和终止性动词 延续性动词：表示的动作是能延续的动作，这种动作可以延续下去或产生持久的影响。 e.g.：learn work stand lie know walk keep have wait watch sing read sleep live 终止性动词：也叫非延续性动词，瞬间动词，一次性动词。表示的动作不能延续，即动作 发 生后立即结束， 产生某种结果。 在有了某种结果后， 动作就不能再继续下去。 e.g.：leave start set out arrive reach get to begin stop shut turn off marry put put on get up wake fall join meet receivefinish end complete become come go die open close break give jump buy borrow 8. 终止性动词不能和一段时间状语连用。 He has died for three days. （错， 终止性动词die 不能和一段时间for three days 连用） 七 过去完成时 ： 由had+ 过去分词构成 。 用法 有二： 过去某一时刻或某一动作之前就已经发生的动作或存在的状态：即过去的过去 e.g.:：When we got to the station, the train had left. 当我到车站的时候，火车已经离开了。 By the end of last week, he had learnt 1000 words. 到上个星期尾为止，他已经学了1000个单 过去某时间开始，一直延续到过去另一时间为止的动作或状态 e.g.:：He said that he had made a few friends since he came to China. 他说自从他来中国，他已经交了几个朋友。 1. Look! How wonderful my car is! Oh, Jack. What are you thinking about? Don t you like it? I m sorry I _ any remark about it in time. I certainly think it s smart. A. wasn t makingB. don t make C. won t makeD. didn t make 2. To find the street where I lived in my childhood is no easy task because the city _ so rapidly all these years. A. is changing B. has changed C. will have changed D. will change 3. He _ quite well, but he hasn t had time to swim since this summer. A. will swim B. have swum C. swam D. swims 4. Jimmy said that he would come to pick me up, but he _by now. A. hasn t turned upB. doesn t turn up C. won t turn upD. hadn t turned up 5. I m terribly sorry for being late, but I _ the wrong bus. A. catch B. had caught C. caught D. catching 7. The truth, sir, is that the old man _ across the road when my car hit him. A. was to walk B. had been walking C. walked D. was walking 8. I really don t think Rose will be upset, but I will go and see her in case she _. A. is B. does C. will be D. has been 9. The computers made by our company sell best, but several years ago no one could have imagined the role in the markets that they _. A. were playing B. were to play C. had played D. played 10. Kate is in hospital. Oh, really? I _. _ visit her. A. didn t know; I ll go andB. don t know; I ll go and C. don t know; I m going to D. didn t know; I m going to 11. Where _ the guidebook? I can t see it anywhere. I _ it right here, but now it s gone. A. did you put; have put B. had you put; have put C. have you put; put D. were you putting; put 14. Do you live in this city? No, we _ it for holidays. A. just visit B. just visited C. are just visiting D. have visited 15. How is the old man now? Sorry, he _ though they did all they could to save him. A. was dead B. had died C. has been dead D. died 16.The lake will be further polluted unless some measures _. A. will be taken B. are taken C. were taken D. had been taken 17. I m afraid it will be two months _. A. when I come back B. when I ll come back C. before I come back D. before I ll come back 18.The workers _ busily when the boss came to look for something he _ in the office. A. had worked, had left B. were working ; had left C. working ; had left D. had worked; left 21.The notice _ “ No smoking ”. A. is told B. reads C. tells D. is read 时态语态 1.考点 掌握六大时态以及对应的被动语态的构成、用法 2.知识讲解 时态 一般现在时 构成：谓语动词三单或原形 用法： a.现在经常性或习惯性动作、长期存在的特征或状态。常见时间状语： 表示频率的副词always, often, usually, sometimes 等；表示频率的词组once a year, twice a month, three times a year 等； on Sundays, on Monday afternoons, every day, every morning, every year等时间状语。 b.普遍真理、客观事实。 c.条件、时间状语从句主将从现。 同步练习 1. This girl is ready to help people any time. When she is on the bus, she always her seat to someone in need. A. gives B. give C. gave D. giving 2.Betty will ring me up when she _ in Beijing. A. arrive B. arrives C. arrived D. will arrive 3. Aunt Lucy will tell us something about her trip to Australia when she_back. A. came B. comes C. would come D. will come 4.Henry will give us a report as soon as he . A. arrives B. arrived C.is arriving D.will arrive 5.In Chongqing, you can often see many people dance outside together if it _ in the evening. A. rains Bdoesn t rain Cwill rain Dwon t rain 答案 ABBAB 一般过去时 构成 ：谓语动词过去式 用法： a.表示过去某时所发生的动作或存在的状态。常接时间状语：last night, yesterday, the day before yesterday, yesterday evening, just now, “段时间 +ago” , once upon a time ，the other day, in 1990, at that time, this morning 等。副词 often, usually, always, sometimes, every day / week, etc. b.表示过去习惯或经常发生的动作。（过去常常做某事也可以用used to do sth. 来表示） c.在语境中，表示“ 刚才，在过去 ”,暗示现在已 “ 不再这样 ” Look at the sign. “ No smoking ”-Sorry, I didn't see it. 同步练习 1.Where were you last Saturday?I _ in the Capital Museum. A. am B. will be C. was D. have been 2. I know a little about Thailand, as I there three years ago. A. have been B. have gone C. will go D. went 3. Lucy _ a student last year, but now she _ a teacher. A. is; is B. was；is C. was；will be D. is ；was 4.The old man _ in Shanghai, but he _ in Haikou now. Abe born; live Bwas born ；live Cis born; lives Dwas born; lives 5. He _ go out with his parents, but now he _ staying at home alone. A.used to； is used to B. is used to； used to C. use to； is used to 答案 CDBDA 一般将来时 构成： will/be going to+ 动词原形 用法： 一般将来时表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态。常见时间状语：tomorrow,next day(week,month,year.),soon,the day after tomorrow( 后天） in the future （将来），in+ 一段时间 等。 a.will+ 动词原形（注意：a. 当句中主语是I 或者 we 时，一般用shall,表示征求对方意见)说 话时临时做的决定；固有属性，必然趋势 b.be going to+动词原形 , 表示计划、打算做某事；表示根据已有迹象对将来的推断。 c.某些词，如：arrive，borrow ，come， fly ， go，leave，move， start，stay，stop，take off 等瞬间动词的现在进行时也可表示将来，表示即将发生或安排好的要做的事情。 We are leaving for Shanghai. 同步练习 1. We are glad to hear that the greens _ to a new flat next week. A. move B. moved C. will move D. have moved 2. Put your hands behind your back. don t speak. We _ in ten minutes. A. back B. will be back C. are back D. are back to you 3. My sister wants a new dress. She it to the party. A.wears B. has worn C. wore D. is going to wear 4. When _ you _ reading Jane Eyre? It s hard to say. I m busy recently. A. did; finish B. have; finished C. will; finish D. do; finish 5. If it _ this Saturday, we _ for a picnic. A. won t rain; shall go B. doesn t rain; will go C. isn t rain; go D. doesn t rain; go 6.Loo