2019版高考英语语法专题突破全国全解析专项训练：专题5数词和主谓一致含解析精品.pdf

1(2017 ·全国卷，67)Fast food _ (be) full of fat and salt; by eating more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet. 答案： isfast food “快餐”，表示一类食物，为不可数名词， 谓语动词用单数形式。 2(2017 ·江苏高考， 24)The publication of Great Expectations, which _ (be) both widely reviewed and highly praised, strengthened Dickens' status as a leading novelist. 答案： was关系代词 which 指代的是先行词 Great Expectations， 是一本书，再根据strengthened可知需用一般过去时。 3(2016 ·全国卷， 63)Leaving the less important things until tomorrow _ (be) often acceptable. 答案： is本句中动名词短语作主语谓语动词用单数，且此处描 述作者的观点，应用一般现在时。 4(2016 ·全国卷， 69)Confucius believed knives would remind people of killings and _ (be) too violent for use at the table. 答案： werebelieved 后跟一个宾语从句， and 连接了两个并列 的谓语，主语 knives 是复数概念， 根据时态一致的原则， 这里用一般 过去时，故填 were。 5(2015 ·江苏高考， 30)The real reason why prices _ and still are, too high is complex, and no short discussion can satisfactorily explain this problem. 答案： were根据句中的 “and still are(现在仍然是 )”可以得知 过去也是一样的情形，故用were。 6(2017 ·全国卷，短文改错 )In the summer holiday following my eighteen birthday, I took driving lessons. _ 答案：eighteeneighteenth表示“第十八个生日 ”应用序数词。 一、数词 (一)基数词的用法 1基数词在句中可作主语、宾语、定语、同位语和表语。 Three of us have been to Guangzhou. I'd like two sweaters for my daughter. The desk is for you two. How old are you? I'm twelve. 2基数词表示具体数目时，hundred, thousand, million 用单数。 在表示“数百”“数千”“数百万”等不确定数目时，在hundreds, thousands, millions后接“of名词复数”。 The Great Wall is over six thousand kilometers long. Those mountains are thousands of metres high. 3表示“几十”的基数词的复数形式，可用来表示某人的岁数 或年代。 He went to the United States in his twenties. 4“基数词名词”构成的合成形容词作定语，其中的名词用 单数。 two-month holiday 两个月的假 (二)序数词的用法 1 序数词前要加定冠词the, 在句中作定语放在被修饰的名词前。 The second lesson is more difficult than the first. 2序数词前加不定冠词a/an，表示“再一，又一”的意思。 He cast it a third time, and drew in a lot of stones. 3给东西编号时，序号在前用序数词，序号在后用基数词。 The Fifth Lesson, Lesson Five 第五课 No. 14 middle school 十四中 注意： 房间号码和电话号码要一个一个分别读。 Room 203 (读作 room two o three) 754662(读作 seven five four double six two) 4分数表示法 分子用基数词，分母用序数词。分子是1 时，分母用单数；分子 大于 1 时，分母用复数。 1 4one-fourth 或 a quarter 3 4three-fourths 1 2a half 或 one half 2 5two-fifths 11 5one and one- fifth (三)年份、日期、时刻读法 1年份四位数通常分两组来读 1996 读作 nineteen ninety-six 1905 读作 nineteen o five或 nineteen and five 2000 读作 two thousand 2日期用序数词表示 July 3rd 读作 July the third November 25th读作 November the twenty-fifth December 1st读作 December the first 世纪也用序数词表示：the 20th century 3时刻 时刻有两种读法：一是直接读数字，先说钟点数，后说分钟数； 二是先说分钟数，后说钟点数。用介词past 表示几点过几分 (不超过 半小时 )或用 to 表示几点差几分 (超过半小时，还差多少分钟到下一个 钟点)。 4：10 four ten/ten past four 5：15 five fifteen/a quarter past five 6：30 six thirty/half past six 7：45 seven forty-five/a quarter to eight 二、主谓一致 主语和谓语一致， 主要是谓语动词必须和作主语的名词或人称代 词在人称和数上保持一致。 主谓一致通常有语法一致、 意义一致和就 近一致三个原则。 主谓一致的常考点 .单句语法填空 1All we need _ (be) a small piece of land where we can plant various kinds of fruit trees throughout the growing seasons of the year. 答案： iswe need是一个省略了关系代词that 的定语从句。先 行词 all即句子的主语，是不定代词，且由设空后的 a small piece of land 可知，谓语动词需用单数形式is。 2Either you or one of your students _ (be) to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow. 答案： is句意：你或者你的一位学生务必要参加明天召开的会 议。 根据就近原则谓语动词的人称和数根据one of your students而定。 3Dr Smith, together with his wife and daughters, _ (be) going to visit Beijing this summer. 答案： is句意：今年夏天，史密斯博士，要和他的妻子和女儿 们一起游览北京。 together with his wife and daughters短语补充说明主 语，谓语动词应和主语保持一致。 4Listening to loud music at rock concerts _ (cause) hearing loss in some teenagers. 答案：has caused 动名词短语作主语， 谓语动词需用单数形式。 根据语境可知该句子应用现在完成时。 5Not he but you _ (be) to be fired. And not only you but also I am to be fired this time. 答案： arenot (only) . but(also) 连接并列主语，谓语依据“就 近一致 ”原则，故填 are。 6Mr Black, as well as the professor who _ (come) from Beijing University, _ (be) to attend our school meeting. 答案： comes; is第一空为定语从句的谓语动词，应与先行词一 致，the professor是单数，故谓语动词用单数；第二空是主句的谓语 动词，主语是 Mr Black ，谓语动词用单数，且本句描述一般情况，应 用一般现在时。 7The population of Jiangsu _ (have) grown to more than twice what it was in 1949. The figure is now approaching 74 million. 答案： hasThe population of . “ 的人口 ”作主语时，谓语 动词用单数。 840% of the students in our school _ (be) from the other parts of Hunan, which _ (be) a relatively large number. 答案： are; is句意：我们学校百分之四十的学生来自湖南的其 他地方，这是一个相对较大的数量。分数或百分数作主语时，谓语动 词应依据分数或百分数所指代的名词而定，本句第一空 40%指代的是 the students ，故谓语动词应用复数；第二空which 指代的是先行词 40%本身，故谓语动词应用单数，且句子描述一般事实，应用一 般现在时。 9Why is the chemical plant closed? Because large quantities of waste water _ (release) into the Yangtze River. 答案： have been released “(large) quantities of不可数名词 /可 数名词 ”作主语， 谓语动词需用复数，有类似用法的还有 amounts of .。 根据化工厂被关闭这一语境可知大量的废水已经被排放到长江，故用 现在完成时的被动语态。 10A teacher of English and class teacher _ (tell)us something about volunteer workers. 答案： is telling句意：一位英语老师兼班主任将给我们讲一些 关于志愿者的事情。本句的主语是A teacher of English and class teacher 这是一个老师，既是英语老师也是班主任。所以谓语动词使 用单数形式。 .单句改错 1Being exposed to loud music too much have caused hearing loss in some teenagers. _ 答案： havehas句子的主语是动名词短语，谓语动词应用单 数形式。 2Large quantities of water is needed for irrigation. _ 答案：isare句意：灌溉需要大量的水。 quantities of 无论修饰 不可数名词还是修饰可数名词复数，作主语时，谓语动词用复数，且 此句描述一般事实，谓语动词应用一般现在时。 3Every possible means have been used to prevent the air pollution, but the sky is still not clear. _ 答案： havehas句意：已采取了各种各样的措施预防空气污 染， 但天空还是不清亮。means单复数同形，但是当 means由 every, each 或 no 修饰时，谓语动词用单数形式。 4Hank as well as the other children who have no parents are being taken good care of in the center. _ 答案：areis句意：汉克和其他的没有父母的孩子在那个中心 得到了很好的照顾。句子的主语是Hank，因此谓语动词应用单数形 式，且由语境可知，本句描述一般情况，应用一般现在时。 5The population of this city, forty percent of which are Germans, have risen by 15% in the last three years. _ 答案： havehas句意：这个城市40%的人是德国人，其人口 在过去的三年里已经增加了15%。population 指人口多少，如用作主 语，谓语动词用单数形式，且本句描述一般事实，应用一般现在时。 .语法填空 Many of Van Gogh's paintings were inspired by warm, yellow sunlight because he loved how it could light up the world in different ways. His painting Sunflowers, for example, _1_ (fill) with vivid yellows and browns. These colors give _2_ painting a feeling of warmth and well-being. However, the sunflowers are actually dead and dying. The result is a painting that combines the warmth of life that Van Gogh loved _3_ the feelings of sadness that were all around him. It is a painting that is warm, beautiful and sad all at the same time. Van Gogh's most famous painting, The Starry Night, takes this _4_ (mix) of joy and sadness one step further. It is a landscape full of deep blues and shadows _5_ represent the sadness Van Gogh was feeling as he _6_ (paint), rather than what he was actully seeing. This is why Van Gogh's _7_ (image) in his painting look more imagined than real. The stars and moon in The Starry Night are _8_ (unusual) bright, _9_ (they) light swirling ( 旋动) above the darkening hills. A tree that looks like black fire cuts through the view of the night, _10_ (interrupt) its beauty. 1_2._3._4._ 5_6._7._8._ 9_10._ 篇章导读： 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了凡· 高作品的艺术特 点。 1is filled考查动词的时态和主谓一致。本句缺少谓语，主语 是 His painting Sunflowers，谓语动词应用单数， 且此处表示一种客观 事实， 应用一般现在时，再结合固定搭配be filled with 可知， 填 is filled 。 2the考查冠词。前面提到了Sunflowers这幅画作，此处表特 指，应用 the。 3 with考查介词。固定搭配 combine . with . “把和 结合”，符合语境。 4mixture考查词性转换。动词后面接名词作宾语。 5 which/that考查定语从句的引导词。 本句中，“ _5_ represent the sadness . feeling ” 是定语从句， 修饰先行词 deep blues and shadows ， 关系词在从句中作主语，故填关系代词that或 which。 6was painting考查时态。由连词 as “当时”和下文的 “ . he was actually seeing” 可知此处也应该用过去进行时。 7images考查名词的数。他作品中的形象不止一个，且根据 谓语动词 look 可知，主语应用名词的复数形式。 8unusually考查词性转换。修饰形容词应用副词。 9their考查代词。名词前需要使用形容词性物主代词，且此 处是指繁星和月亮的光线，故填their。 10interrupting考查非谓语动词。逗号后与句子之间无连词连 接，所填词应用非谓语动词，且句子主语a tree和 interrupt 构成逻辑 上的主谓关系，表主动，故填现在分词作状语，表结果。 .短文改错 My school holds a sports meeting in every October. We all looked forward to it, for it is a time for us to reduce stress and it always brings us lots of unforgettable memories. It usually last for three days, during which time we have no classes. All the student go to the playground to watch or joining in games. The part I like most is the relay race. With race going on, our excitement grows. All of them yell out “come on” to the athletes, watching them competing aggressive. The most breathtaking moment is that the athletes are getting to the finishing line. Somebody can tell who is the winner until the last minute. 答案： My school holds a sports meeting in every October. We all looked look forward to it, for it is a time for us to reduce stress and it always brings us lots of unforgettable memories. It usually last lasts for three days, during which time we have no classes. All the student students go to the playground to watch or joining join in games. The part I like most is the relay race. With the race going on, our excitement grows. All of them us yell out “come on ” to the athletes, watching them competing aggressive aggressively . The most breathtaking moment is that when the athletes are getting to the finishing line. Somebody Nobody can tell who is the winner until the last minute. 1去掉 in考查介词。表示时间的名词前有every, any等词修饰 时不再用介词。 2lookedlook考查动词的时态。由下一个并列句“ and it always brings us . ” 可知，此处应改为一般现在时。 3lastlasts考查主谓一致。该句主语是第三人称单数it，谓 语动词也应用单数形式。 4studentstudents 考查名词的数。不定代词all 修饰可数名 词复数形式。 5 joiningjoin考查动词不定式。or 连接两个相同的并列结构， 此处 join 与 watch是并列成分。 6race前加 the考查冠词。 race是特指上文提到的the relay race。 7themus考查代词。由上一句中的“ our excitement” 可知此 处指“我们所有的人 ”在呐喊加油。 8aggressive aggressively考查副词。修饰动词compete，应 用副词形式。 9thatwhen考查连接词。最激动人心的时刻是运动员到达 终点的时候。根据句意可知，此处指时间，因此用when引导表语从 句。 10SomebodyNobody考查不定代词。根据句意“不到最后 一分钟没人知道谁是胜利者。”因此将 Somebody改为 Nobody。 精品推荐强力推荐值得拥有