1、word大学英语跨文化交际所有CASE答案！是WORD格式不是PDF格式的！Case 1:An Interview in IndiaCase analysis: The case is about an interview between an American program host and anIndian interviewee. They talk about some aspects of Indian culture and the changes occurred theseyears. The case reflects some basic cultural element
2、s people may find in all cultures: language,family pattern, marriage, wedding ceremony, food and the way to eat food, etc. From this case,guide the students in culture study and culture parison. The students should realize that thereare both similarities and differences in culture. Culture is in fac
3、t very dynamic and pervasive.Case 2:White DressCase analysis: The Indian women might think the wedding ceremony is a funeral if they seethe western bride in white gown. The case reflects the similes and metaphors in the text. Culture islike an iceberg: we can identify the color of the dress worn by
4、women in different cultures, but wedo not know the values underneath. Culture is like the water a fish swims in: people wear dress ofdifferent colors for different context but they usually take it for granted and never ask why.Case 3:The French in North AmericaCase analysis: The French were able to
5、see Indian behavior only in the light of their ownhierarchical social system, where it is natural for the few to mand and the many to obey.Social systems that worked on other principles were literally unimaginable.Case 4:Coconut-skatingCase analysis: The case reflects the characteristics of culture.
6、 We can tell from the case thatculture is pervasive and its learned. People may invent different ways for things even as simple asthe issue of floor moping. The Philippine woman must have learned this way of mopping from herown culture.Case 5:A Black Girls IdentityCase analysis: Although we may say
7、that identities are constituted by our munication, itis obvious from the case that we cannot simply choose at any moment what our identity will beregardless of the context. First, we often do not share the recipe for certain identities with otherseven if we belong to the same ethnicity, gender, or n
8、ationality. Understanding this can help usavoid some of the broad assumptions made about groups of people based on the reflective way ofthinking. Second, as we learned in the very first chapter, all meaning in munication is to someextent situational. Thus, the context mediates what identities we can
9、 choose. Sometimes thingsone may have no control over, such as age or skin color, are seen as essential parts of how onemunicates an identity.Case 6HippiesCase analysis: Hippies could be defined as a subgroup, as the hippies culture tends to betemporary. In modern American society, hippies culture c
10、ould also find traits, but it has widespread influence on American value system.Case 7Clean up the Bathroom!Case analysis: Cultural differences decide the two students are going to municate indifferent ways. The Chinese student wants the American student to understand the underlyingmeans of his word
11、s, but the American student is used to the direct style of munication. This isdecided by culture. In Chinese culture, people want to save face of both themselves and others, sothey would not express their ideas directly. However, in the United States, unless you expressyourself clearly and directly,
12、 the others cannot understand you.Case 8:She Has Three HandsThis case can reflect the different munication styles between Chinese and Canadians. Inwestern cultures, munication is the means of transmitting ideas. Western people usuallymunicate directly with each other. That is why the Canadian in thi
13、s case says what is in hismind directly in front of the Chinese woman without hiding anything. While Chinese culturestresses harmony and emphasizes the relationships between the municators. Chinese peopleview munication as a process where all parties are searching to develop and maintain a socialrel
14、ationship. So the Chinese woman in this case tries not to argue with the Canadian face to face tokeep the “harmonious relationship between them.Case 9:A Piece of CakeThis case wants us to recognize some ponents of munication. Sender/source refers tothe person who transmits a message. Receiver is any
15、 person who notices and gives some meaningto a message. Context refers to a setting or situation within which munication takes place. Inthis case, Marilyn and Richard are simultaneously the senders and receivers. And their room,where the munication event happens and which makes the couple feel forta
16、ble andrelaxed, is just the context.Case 10:The Place to Have LunchThis case reflects that munication is contextual, which means that munication doesnot happen in isolation and it must happen within a setting or context. Whether this context isquiet or noisy is important to the smoothness of municat
17、ion. When the munication eventis disturbed by noise, the munication can not go smoothly. In this case,Case 11:Making an AppointmentThis case can reflect how culture affects its munication style. Each culture encourages aparticular munication style expected within it. This implies not only using corr
18、ect symbols,but also applying the appropriate munication style for the occasion. munication stylesinclude mannerisms, phrases, rituals, and munication customs appropriate for varioussituations in a culture. In this case, knowing the munication style of the Americans which ischaracterized by direct,
19、exacting and instrumental, the exporter manager fulfills his jobsuccessfully.Case 12:Why Dont You Eat the Pizza?This case can reflect the problems appearing during intercultural munication and howignoring cultural differences can affect munication. In Malaysia, where most people areMuslims, people t
20、hink the left hand is used only for cleaning the body and thus it is dirty and cannot be used to pass food. Knowing nothing about the cultural difference, the American studentputs himself in an embarrassing situation.Case 13:We and They?This case reflects that in intercultural munication, people alw
21、ays regard themselves as thebest group in the world. This is actually inappropriate and should be avoided.Case 14:Perception of WarThis case can reflect different cultures can give different influences on human perception.People can have very different perceptions even on the same object or phenomen
22、on because theyhave different cultures and are living in the different social realities. In this case, Jim and Olgahave very different attitudes and perceptions towards historical events because their nationsdifferent experiences and histories.Case 15:Observations on a SoldierThis case can reflect t
23、he basic model of human perception. Human being is equipped to sensethe outside stimuli and perceive the outside world. And the perception follows a certainmodelafter being gained through the five basic senses, information is processed throughselection, organization and interpretation. In this case,
24、 Sherlock Holmes and Mycroft didobservations on the soldier according to the basic model of human perception. They selected someuseful information which they gained from outside world through their five basic senses,organized it in a reasonable logic and then attached meanings to it.Case 16:Differen
25、t Responses to NoiseThis case can reflect different culture can give different influences on human sensation. No two ofpeople can assume that their sensations are the same, especially when they e from different cultures.Different social reality and living conditions can equip them with different way
26、 to sense the world. So it isvery mon for them to have totally different sensations even towards the same condition. In this case,the German professor and Japanese professor have very different response to the noise producedby the same motor for the heating system because of their cultures and livin
27、g habits.Case 17:What Is Black?This case can reflect we have some barriers to accurate perception in interculturalmunication. We have the ability to perceive the outside world, but we cannot always get theaccurate perceptions, especially when we do the perception on other cultures, we often give the
28、inaccurate and negative perceptions. In this case, on discussing the impersonal color “black, wegive so many bad and negative meanings while black pupils can give some objective descriptionsand associations about the color. The barriers can include ignoring details, over-generalizing,holding on to p
29、reconceptions and stereotypes imposing consistency, preconnecting causes and effects,preferring simple explanations, ignoring circumstances, crediting irrelevant information and focusing onthe negative.Case 18:Are Perceptions Always Right?This case can reflect our perceptions on outside world are no
30、t always right, especially whenwe do perceptions on other cultures. We usually perceive others according to our own culture.This can lead to ineffective intercultural munication. In this case Pat and Chris gaveinaccurate and negative perceptions on Akira and Michiko just because of theirIrresponsibl
31、e judgment and they also gave pletely positive perceptions on Marie just becauseof their simple expectations. In order to avoid the inaccurate perceptions, we need some skills,including increase your understanding of the perceptual process; increase your observational acuity;recognize the elements t
32、o which you attribute meaning; check your perceptions; increase your Awarenessof perceptual inaccuracies and pensate for them ;increase your awareness of others perceptionsof you; and develop social decentering, empathy, and other-orientation.Case 20:Chinese Hospitality OverdoneThis case reflects th
33、at sometimes people unconsciously assume that people from anotherculture may behave in a way which is similar to theirs. The Chinese usually attach a lot ofimportance to taking care of their guests. When it es to a foreign visitor, Chinese hospitality isusually more than what can be understood by a
34、Westerner, who is unfortable when he isalways surrounded by people attempting to be kind. Concerning this case, Hong tried to respecther traditions and her friend by doing more than she could really afford to do for Joes visit, havingno idea that Joe ended up feeling frustrated.Case 21:A Danish Woma
35、n in New YorkThis case can reflect assuming similarity instead of difference. When municating withpeople from another culture, one is likely to regard and treat other people as “his people and toassume there must be only one way of doing things: that is “his way. In this case, the Danishwoman assume
36、s that her behavior of leaving the baby alone, which is mon in Denmark, is alsoappropriate in New York. Here, she assumes what is suitable in her own culture is alsoindisputable in another culture. That is why the small conflict happens.Case 22:Ambiguous TimeThis case can reflect ethnocentrism. Cult
37、ures train their members to use the categories oftheir own cultural experiences when judging the experiences of people from other cultures. Theywill believe that their culture is the center of the world and their standard should be the role modelfor the rest of the world. Concerning this case, someh
38、ow Chinese people have habitually referred12:00 a.m. as the time around lunchtime, making 12 : 00 p.m. midnight. Fortunately, the way theytell other times are the same as that used in the States, so theres usually no misunderstandingbetween people from the two cultures. However, there is this one di
39、fference and Fan learns it bypaying a fine since she may hold that her culture is the center of the world.Case 23:Girl-nessThis case can reflect one of the translation problems: the lack of conceptual equivalence,which refers to abstract ideas that may not exist in the same fashion in different lang
40、uages.Different cultures may attach different meanings to the same thing or person. Concerning this case,we should know what young females call themselves is very different in China from the States. InChina, girl means someone who is young and single. In a way, it makes a female sound moredesirable
41、to be called a girl rather than a woman. For most people, woman means someone whois married and who probably is not young. In fact, most single Chinese females, such as universitystudents, would be insulted to be called women. While in the West, in formal, public settings, itis customary to call any
42、 woman who is past puberty a woman, even though she may not be legallyold enough to vote, marry, purchase alcoholic beverages, drive a car, or sign a contract. Thisterminology became widespread during the womens liberation movement in the 1960s. Theterm girl is sometimes interpreted to be demeaning
43、or disrespectful.Case 24:An Unfair DecisionThis case reflects prejudice, which involves an unfair, biased, or intolerant attitudetowards another group of people. In this case, Mr. Bias decided to select someone else, instead ofapplicant from the country Levadel, for the position. That is just becaus
44、e he holds prejudice towardspeople from the country Levadel.Case 25:Success StoryOne of the sources of the frustration and misunderstandings that occurred in this case wasdifferent notions of what was verbally relevant. In this case, Mary was expecting a much moredirect response to her question. Ms.
45、 Goshima, however, was unfortable with the question andfelt her response should be very indirect and establish a proper sense of modesty before revealingthe answer to the question. If Mary had been more patient, she would have eventually heard theanswer to her question, but she was not really paying
46、 attention when it finally came because shefelt that Ms. Goshimas ments werent really relevant to her query.Case 26:Slogans and the Importance of LanguageThe intercultural encounters we experience are not only influenced by language and perceptualdifferences, and language choice based on restricted
47、and elaborated social situations, but also onlanguage and how it is translated for members of a culture. For many reasons linguisticinterpretation and semantics provide the source of numerous misunderstandings. For instance, aninsurance pany discovered that fires inadvertently occurred because wareh
48、ouse employeesacted carelessly around empty barrels of gasoline, although they previously had exercised greatcaution around full drums of gasoline. The terms full and empty seem to mask the real danger inworking with gasoline drums. Empty drums are extremely bustible, while full drums pose farless threat. The linguistic perception of the word empty in the general culture signified null or void,but in the work culture of volatile products li
