1、 构构 词词 法法Lexicology 词词 汇汇 学学 structurestructure -grammargrammar origin,development,origin,development,&relationship relationship to to words in other languageswords in other languages -etymology-etymology meanings and uses meanings and uses -semantics-semantics lexicology Lexi(c)-Lexi(c)-a a n.n.roo
2、t,root,word or phraseword or phrase log-log-a a v.v.root,root,to studyto study logy-logy-study of word or phrasestudy of word or phrase Related words include:Related words include:lexicon /dyslexialexicon /dyslexiaWord root(stem,base)根，干根，干affix:suffix-word ending后缀后缀 prefix-word beginning 前缀前缀combi
3、ning vowel连接元音连接元音combining form联合形联合形 atrophy atrophy a /troph /ya /troph /y not nourish condition ofnot nourish condition of dystrophydystrophy dys/troph/y dys/troph/y poorpoor agranulocytosisagranulocytosis a /granul/o/cyt/o/sisa /granul/o/cyt/o/sis without smallgrain cell abnormal condition with
4、out smallgrain cell abnormal conditionlog-a rootto study -ya suffixconcept or action -logya compound suffix study (in med.frequently treatment)tom-a root to cut -tomy a compound suffix incision or cutting intoRoot-wordsRoot-wordsappendixappendix阑尾阑尾阑尾阑尾uterusuterus子宫子宫子宫子宫sepsissepsis脓毒症，脓血病脓毒症，脓血病脓
5、毒症，脓血病脓毒症，脓血病 derived wordsderived words root +affixroot +affix (prefix or affix)(prefix or affix)compound wordscompound wordsroots +(affixes)roots +(affixes)(two or more)(with or without)(two or more)(with or without)a/troph/y a/granul/o/cyt/o/sisa/troph/y a/granul/o/cyt/o/sis orb-orb-a Latin roota
6、 Latin root orbit orbit n.n.-al-alpertaining topertaining to retro-retro-behindbehind retro-orbitalretro-orbitaladj.adj.en-en-prefix prefix creates v.from n.or adj.creates v.from n.or adj.enforceenforcev.v.(from a n.)(from a n.)enlargeenlargev.v.(from an adj.)(from an adj.)darkdarkroot(adj.)obscurer
7、oot(adj.)obscuredarknessdarknessn.n.night or blackness night or blacknessdarkendarkenv.v.to obscure,blacken to obscure,blackendarklydarklyadv.in an obscureadv.in an obscure mannermanner inspectinspect v.v.to look closely to look closely -or-or suffix suffixa person who a person who completes complet
8、es an action an action inspectorinspector n.n.spectaclespectaclen.n.intro-intro-prefixprefixinto,inside into,inside -ive-ivesuffixsuffixlikelike introspectiveintrospective adj.adj.-ly-lysuffixsuffixdenoting an adverbdenoting an adverb introspectivelyintrospectivelyadv.adv.simple suffix:simple suffix
9、ic gastric-ic gastric n.n.-forming suffixes-forming suffixes adj.-forming suffixesadj.-forming suffixes compound suffixe:compound suffixe:-logy-logyhist/o/log/y nephr/o/tom/yhist/o/log/y nephr/o/tom/ytonsill/ec/tom/ytonsill/ec/tom/y-ary-arya person or placea person or placecapillcapillaryarybenefi
10、cibeneficiaryary-ia-iacondition condition(used in compound suffix)(used in compound suffix)ananemiaemiaperiodontoperiodontoclasiaclasia-ics-icsstudy of study of gnathostomatgnathostomaticsics口颌生理学口颌生理学口颌生理学口颌生理学exodontexodonticsics拔牙学拔牙学拔牙学拔牙学-ist-iststomatologstomatologistist-itis-itisinflammationi
11、nflammationpericoronpericoronitisitis牙冠周炎牙冠周炎牙冠周炎牙冠周炎pulppulpitisitis牙髓炎牙髓炎牙髓炎牙髓炎sialoduchsialoduchitisitis涎管炎涎管炎涎管炎涎管炎 nephritis/tonsilitis /gastritis nephritis/tonsilitis /gastritis arthritis /rhinitisarthritis /rhinitis -oma-omaswelling,tumorswelling,tumoradenomaadenoma腺瘤腺瘤腺瘤腺瘤 sarcsarcoma/fibrom
12、a oma/fibroma 肉瘤肉瘤肉瘤肉瘤/纤维瘤纤维瘤纤维瘤纤维瘤fibrosarcomafibrosarcoma纤维肉瘤纤维肉瘤纤维肉瘤纤维肉瘤oral fibromaoral fibroma口腔纤维瘤口腔纤维瘤口腔纤维瘤口腔纤维瘤 fibrosarcoma intro oralfibrosarcoma intro oralfibrosarcoma of tonguefibrosarcoma of tonguefibrosarcoma of maxillary sinusfibrosarcoma of maxillary sinus-osisosisabnormal or patholo
13、gical conditionabnormal or pathological conditionneurosisneurosis神经官能症神经官能症神经官能症神经官能症sclerosissclerosishardening or stiffening of tissuehardening or stiffening of tissuedysodontiasisdysodontiasis出牙不良，出牙困难出牙不良，出牙困难出牙不良，出牙困难出牙不良，出牙困难dysostosisdysostosis骨发育障碍，骨发育不良骨发育障碍，骨发育不良骨发育障碍，骨发育不良骨发育障碍，骨发育不良 noun
14、forming suffixesnoun-forming suffixesthe doer or agentthe doer or agent-al-alsignal arrivalsignal arrival-ian-ianphysicianphysician-ist-iststomatologiststomatologistnephrologistnephrologist-or,er-or,erincisor incisor elevatorelevator-t-tagentagentnoun-forming suffixesnoun-forming suffixes form n.fr
15、om v.,form n.from v.,the actthe actaction or processaction or processthe product or result of the action:the product or result of the action:(often found in compound suffixesoften found in compound suffixes)-ence-encesciencescience-escence-escenceadolescenceadolescence-ion-ionunionunion-m(a)-m(a)pla
16、smaplasma-ment-mentabutmentabutment-se-sedosedose-sis-sisanalysisanalysis-sy-syepilepsyepilepsy-tion-tionactionaction medicationmedication-ure-uresuturesuture-y-y-tomy-tomy hepatotomyhepatotomyceliotomyceliotomy-ac-accardiaccardiac-al-albronchialbronchial gingivalgingival-ar-artonsillartonsillarmand
17、ibularmandibular aryarycapillarycapillary maxillarymaxillarysalivary/-glandssalivary/-glands-eal-ealesophagealesophageal-ic-ichepatichepaticorthorthodontodontic icdysdysgnathgnathic ic-oid-oidcystoidcystoidcementoidcementoid-ous-ousmucousmucousintrovenousintrovenousA verb root +a simple suffix A ver
18、b root +a simple suffix =a compound suffix=a compound suffix-gram-gram记录记录记录记录 electrocardiogramelectrocardiogram-graph-graph描记器描记器描记器描记器 electrocardiographelectrocardiograph-graphy-graphy记录、摄影记录、摄影记录、摄影记录、摄影 electrocardiography electrocardiography-meter-meter测量用器具测量用器具测量用器具测量用器具 thermometer thermom
19、eter-metry-metry测量测量测量测量 thermometry thermometry-scope-scope检查用器具检查用器具检查用器具检查用器具 microscope microscope-scopy-scopy检查检查检查检查 microscopy microscopy-tome-tome 切割用器具切割用器具切割用器具切割用器具arthrotomearthrotome-tomy-tomy 切开切开切开切开osteotomyosteotomy-ectomy-ectomy 切除切除切除切除appendectomyappendectomy-(o)stomy-(o)stomy开口，
20、造口开口，造口开口，造口开口，造口gastrostomygastrostomy-(o)rrhea -(o)rrhea 流出，分泌流出，分泌流出，分泌流出，分泌rhinorrhearhinorrhea-(o)rrhagia-(o)rrhagia 大量流出大量流出大量流出大量流出gastrorrhagiagastrorrhagia-(o)rrhaphy-(o)rrhaphy缝合术缝合术缝合术缝合术herniorrhaphyherniorrhaphy-(o)rrhexis-(o)rrhexis破裂破裂破裂破裂hepatorrhexishepatorrhexis pre-pre-before,in f
21、ront of before,in front ofpreoperationpreoperationpost-post-after,in back of after,in back of postoperationpostoperation anter-anter-farther forward farther forward anterior anterior poster-poster-farther back farther backposterior posterior extra-extra-outside of,beyondoutside of,beyondextraarticul
22、arextraarticular intra-intra-inside,withininside,within intravenous intravenous extro-extro-outside of,beyondoutside of,beyond extrovert extrovertintro-intro-inside,within inside,within introvert introvert exter-exter-outerouter external externalinter-inter-innerinner internal internal infer-infer-l
23、owerlower inferior inferior super-super-above,over,higherabove,over,higher superior superior infra-infra-below,lowerbelow,lower infracostal infracostalsupra-supra-above,overabove,over suprasternal suprasternal hyper-hyper-above,excessive hyperemiaabove,excessive hyperemiahypo-hypo-under,deficient hy
24、poglycemicunder,deficient hypoglycemic macro-macro-long,largelong,large macroscopic,macrocyte macroscopic,macrocytemicro-micro-smallsmall microwave,microcyte microwave,microcyteSame meaning/different patternSame meaning/different pattern hypohypodermic dermic subsubdermicdermic (GK)(L)(GK)(L)under t
25、he skinunder the skin bibicephalous cephalous didicephalouscephalous(GK)(L)(GK)(L)having two headhaving two head medical word unused synonymmedical word unused synonym (GK)(GK)periperiodontalodontal (L)(L)circumcircumdentaldental (L)(L)extraextraoral (GK)oral (GK)ectoectostomatalstomatal nephro-neph
26、ro-ren-ren-*nephrology *nephrology renology renology adnephral adnephral *adrenal *adrenalhemihemi hyperhyper trophy trophyantianti antianti body bodySome prefixes negate the conceptSome prefixes negate the concept a-an-a-an-not,without not,without anemia anemiade-de-not,without not,without decompos
27、e decompose in-in-not not invisible invisiblenon-non-not not non nonviaviableble prefixes intensify the rootprefixes intensify the root in-in-instigate instigate de-de-declare declare per-per-peracidperacidhemi-hemi-half,part half,part hemihemihypertrophyhypertrophymono-mono-one,single monomorphouso
28、ne,single monomorphouscent-cent-one hundredone hundred centigradecentigradekil-kil-thousand kilogramthousand kilogramante-ante-beforebefore antepartum antepartumpre-pre-beforebeforeprenatalprenatalpost-post-afterafterpostnatalpostnatalneo-neo-newnewneonatalneonatalpoly-poly-manymanypolyuriapolyuriam
29、ulti-multi-manymanymultiparamultiparahomo-homo-the samethe samehomogeneoushomogeneousmicr(o)-micr(o)-small smallmicrocytemicrocytemacr(o)-macr(o)-large,long large,longmacrocytemacrocytemajor-major-larger largermajoritymajorityminor-minor-smaller smallerminorityminoritybenign-benign-good,innocuous go
30、od,innocuous benign benignmalign-malign-harmful,evil harmful,evilmalignantmalignanthyper-hyper-above,excessive above,excessivehyperglycemiahyperglycemiahypo-hypo-under,deficient under,deficient hypoglycemiahypoglycemia o e i ao e i a ophthalm/ophthalm/o o/log/y/log/ycent/cent/i i/grad/e/grad/e base+
31、combining vowel:base+combining vowel:combining formcombining forme.g.e.g.hemathemato o gastr gastro ohepatomahepatomahepat-(o)-omahepat-(o)-omamicro-organismmicro-organismor the“-”may be optional:or the“-”may be optional:microorganismmicroorganismTo define a word:To define a word:otooto rhino rhino
32、laryng o log istlaryng o log istrootroot root root root root root suffix root suffixear noseear noselarynx study person larynx study person throat throat whowhoc c a,o,u a,o,u k car k car cardiaccardiac e,i,ae,oe,y s see cystic e,i,ae,oe,y s see cysticinitialinitial ch ch k k chromatolysischromatoly
33、sisg g a,o,u a,o,u g gun gonadg gun gonad e,i,y,ae,oe dg gene e,i,y,ae,oe dg gene gingivitisgingivitisinitialinitial x x z xylolz xylol 二甲苯二甲苯二甲苯二甲苯elsewhere elsewhere ks maxillaks maxillainitial initial psps s psychologys psychologycccc i,y i,y ks cocciks cocci a,o,u,e a,o,u,e kk coccuskk coccus重音重
34、音重音重音 不在最后的音节上不在最后的音节上不在最后的音节上不在最后的音节上 多音节词：词尾前的连接元音上多音节词：词尾前的连接元音上多音节词：词尾前的连接元音上多音节词：词尾前的连接元音上 倒数第二音节长时，在其上倒数第二音节长时，在其上倒数第二音节长时，在其上倒数第二音节长时，在其上 tonsillitis tonsillitis 倒数第二音节短时，在倒数第三音节倒数第二音节短时，在倒数第三音节倒数第二音节短时，在倒数第三音节倒数第二音节短时，在倒数第三音节cervicovesicacervicovesicagastroenterologygastroenterology 倒数第二音节有时
35、缩短，前移或在词倒数第二音节有时缩短，前移或在词倒数第二音节有时缩短，前移或在词倒数第二音节有时缩短，前移或在词根上根上根上根上abdoman osteoclastabdoman osteoclast -on-on -a phenomenon -a phenomenon phenomena phenomena criterion criterion criteria criteria-us -i bronchus-us -i bronchus bronchi bronchi coccus coccus cocci cocciExercise:Exercise:-algia -itis -oma -otomy -ectomy -algia -itis -oma -otomy -ectomyarthr-arthr-dermat-dermat-gastr-gastr-oste-oste-pharyng-pharyng-THANK YOUTHANK YOUBe good luckBe good luck
