1、1)that的用法。主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句中用that但不能省略。如:ThattheyaregoodatEnglishisknowntousall.Theproblemisthatwedonthaveenoughmoney.SheexpressedthehopethattheywouldcometoChinaoneday.宾语从句中的连接词that有时可省有时又不可省在以下几种情况中that不能省略:(A)当that从句和主句谓语动词之间有插入词语或者从句主语之间有插入语时,that不可省略;如:Hejudgedthat,becausehewasachild,hedidnotunde
2、rstandwine.(B)当that从句与另一名词性从句并列作宾语时,that不能省;如:Everyoneknewwhathappenedandthatshewasworried.(C)当that作介词宾语时,that不可省掉。如:Thereasonliesinthatsheworksharderthantheothersdo.that和what的区别:that引导名词性从句时,在主从句中不充当任何句子成分,也没有任何含义;而what引导名词性从句时,在主从句中都要充当一定的句子成分,what可以分解成定语从句中的先行词+关系代词(先行词+that)。如:Itsshamethathehasm
3、adesuchamistake.Dowhathesays.同位语从句与定语从句中that的区别。同位语从句中的连词that只起连接作用,在从句中不担当任何句子成分;而定语从句中的关系代词that在句中做宾语或主语,宾语与先行词有修饰关系。如果句子是同位语从句,就应用连词that而不能用which.同位语从句一般放在表具体含义的名词后解释名词的含义或内容,whether可以引导同位语从句,用以说明前面的名词的内容,if不能。如:Weoughttodiscusscarefullythequestionwhetherwecandoitornot.whether常与or连用表示一种选择,if不能这样用
4、whether也可与动词不定式连用但if不能。如:Thequestionofwhethertheyaremaleorfemaleisnotimportant.Ihavenotdecidedwhethertogoornot.间接引语位于句首时或者是间接引语提前时用whether不用if。如:Thankyou,butwhetherIllbefreeImnotsureatthemoment.whether可引导一个让步状语从句表示“不管”、“无论”,而if不能。如:Whetherhecomesornot,wewillbeginourpartyontime.(3)疑问词+ever和nomatter+
5、疑问词的区别。疑问词+ever可引导名词性从句,在主从句中要充当一定的部分。如:Whoeverbreakstherulemustbepunished.Youcanchoosewhateveryoulikeintheshop.疑问词+ever还可引导让步状语从句。如:Whoeverbreakstherule,hemustbepunished,Whateveryoudo,youmustdoitwell.nomatter+疑问词只能引导让步状语从句。如:Nomatterwhatyoudo,youmustdoitwell.Nomatterwhobreakstherule,hemustbepunishe
6、d.(4)when和where引导的同位语从句与定语从句的区别。when和where前面的名词若是表示时间、地点的名词,则when和where引导的是定语从句,否则则为同位语从句。如:Theyputforwardthequestionwheretheycouldgetthemoney.Thisistheplacewheretheaccidenthappened.2、名词性从句中主句和从句的时态一致(1)宾语从句中主句和从句的时态保持一致,但如果从句中表示提示的是客观现象,虽然主句是过去时态,从句仍用一般现在时。如:Hello,IdidntknowyouwereinLondon.Howlongh
7、aveyoubeenhere?Theteachertoldusthatlighttravelsataveryhighspeed.(2)主语从句作主语相当于单数第三人称作主语,谓语动词用单数,如果由and连接两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语时,谓语动词用复数;由两个或多个连接词引导一个主语从句,谓语动词用单数。如:Whenthemeetingwillbeginhasnotbeendecidedyet.Whentheywillstartandwheretheygohavenotbeendecidedyet.Whenandwherethemeetingwillbeginhasnotbeendecide
8、d.3、名词性从句的词序名词性从句在句中要用陈述句语序。如:Heaskedmewhatwasthematterwithme.Weveheardthenewsthatwellmoveintothenewhouse.Whateveryousaywillinterestusall.Exercises1.Acomputercanonlydo_youhaveinstructedittodo.(NMET2001)A.howB.afterC.whatD.when2.IdrovetoZhuhaifortheairshowlastweek.Isthat_youhadafewdaysoff?(NMET99)A.whyB.whenC.whatD.where3.Ihate_whenpeopletalkwiththeirmouthsfull.(NMET98)A.itB.thatC.theseD.themC CA AA A