1、InternationalStandardISO15708-4Secondedition2025-06Non-destructivetesting一Radiationmethodsforcomputedtomography一Part4:QualificationEssaisnondestructifsMethodesparrayonnementspourlatomographieinformatiseePartie4:QualificationReferencenumberISO15708-4:2025(en)ISO2025COPYRIGHTPROTECTEDDOCUMENTISO2025Al
2、lrightsreserved.Unlessotherwisespecified,orrequiredinthecontextofitsimplementation,nopartofthispublicationmaybereproducedorutilizedotherwiseinanyformorbyanymeans,electronicormechanical,includingphotocopying,orpostingontheinternetoranintranet,withoutpriorwrittenpermission.Permissioncanberequestedfrom
3、eitherISOattheaddressbeloworISO,smemberbodyinthecountryoftherequester.ISOcopyrightofficeCP401Ch.deBlandonnet8CH-1214Vernier,GenevaPhone:+41227490111Email:copyrightiso.orgWebsite:www.iso.orgPublishedinSwitzerlandContentsPageForewordiv1 Scope12 Normativereferences13 Termsanddefinitions14 Qualification
4、ofthetesting14.1 General14.2 Qualificationofdefecttesting24.2.1 General24.2.2 Objectsandfeatures24.2.3 Featuredetectability/testsystem/systemparameterisation24.2.4 Verificationofsuitability34.2.5 Consistencycheck34.2.6 Documentation44.3 Qualificationofdimensionaltesting44.3.1 General44.3.2 Testandme
5、asurementtask44.3.3 Dimensionaltesting/testsystem/systemparameterisation.44.3.4 Degreeofaccuracy54.3.5 Consistencycheck54.3.6 Documentation55 QualificationoftheCTsystem65.1 General65.2 Integraloverallsystemverification.65.3 Checkingthesystemcomponents65.3.1 General65.3.2 Manipulationsystem.65.3.3 Im
6、agescale65.3.4 Beamaxisperpendicularity65.3.5 Tubefocalspot65.3.6 Tubestability75.3.7 Detector75.3.8 Reconstruction75.3.9 Visualization75.4 DoCUmentatiOn.76 ExampleofCTsystemresolutionevaluationmethods.76.1 General.76.2 Acquisitionparameters86.3 Recommendationsforcreatingreferenceobjects86.4 Density
7、resolutionmeasurementmethod86.4.1 General86.4.2 Highenergyreferenceobject96.4.3 Lowenergyreferenceobject96.4.4 Experimentalmeasurements9ForewordISO(theInternationalOrganizationforStandardization)isaworldwidefederationofnationalstandardsbodies(ISOmemberbodies).TheworkofpreparingInternationalStandards
8、isnormallycarriedoutthroughISOtechnicalcommittees.Eachmemberbodyinterestedinasubjectforwhichatechnicalcommitteehasbeenestablishedhastherighttoberepresentedonthatcommittee.Internationalorganizations,governmentalandnon-governmental,inliaisonwithISO,alsotakepartinthework.ISOcollaboratescloselywiththeIn
9、ternationalElectrotechnicalCommission(IEC)onallmattersofelectrotechnicalstandardization.TheproceduresusedtodevelopthisdocumentandthoseintendedforitsfurthermaintenancearedescribedintheISO/IECDirectives,Part1.Inparticular,thedifferentapprovalcriterianeededforthedifferenttypesofISOdocumentshouldbenoted
10、ThisdocumentwasdraftedinaccordancewiththeeditorialrulesoftheISO/IECDirectives,Part2(seeWWW.iso.org/directives).ISOdrawsattentiontothepossibilitythattheimplementationofthisdocumentmayinvolvetheuseof（八）patent(三).ISOtakesnopositionconcerningtheevidence,validityorapplicabilityofanyclaimedpatentrightsin
11、respectthereof.Asofthedateofpublicationofthisdocument,ISOhadnotreceivednoticeof（八）patent(三)whichmayberequiredtoimplementthisdocument.HoweverlImplementersarecautionedthatthismaynotrepresentthelatestinformation,whichmaybeobtainedfromthepatentdatabaseavailableatWWW.iso.org/patents.ISOshallnotbeheldresp
12、onsibleforidentifyinganyorallsuchpatentrights.Anytradenameusedinthisdocumentisinformationgivenfortheconvenienceofusersanddoesnotconstituteanendorsement.Foranexplanationofthevoluntarynatureofstandards,themeaningofISOspecifictermsandexpressionsrelatedtoconformityassessment,aswellasinformationaboutISOs
13、adherencetotheWorldTradeOrganization(WTO)principlesintheTechnicalBarrierstoTrade(TBT工seeWWW.iso.org/iso/foreword.htmLThisdocumentwaspreparedbyTechnicalCommitteeISO/TC135,Non-destructivetesting,SubcommitteeSC5,Radiographictesting,incollaborationwiththeEuropeanCommitteeforStandardization(CEN)Technical
14、CommitteeCEN/TC138,Non-destructivetesting,inaccordancewiththeAgreementontechnicalcooperationbetweenISOandCEN(ViennaAgreement).Thissecondeditioncancelsandreplacesthefirstedition(ISO15708-4:2017),whichhasbeentechnicallyrevised.Themainchangesareasfollows: additionofISO15708-1andISO15708-3asnormativeref
15、erencesinCIaUSe2; correctionoftitleinFigUre1: correctionofdensityvaluesdRofeachinsertandCTgreyvaluesNiin6.4.4; deletionofthebibliography; editorialchanges.AlistofallpartsintheISO15708seriescanbefoundontheISOwebsite.Anyfeedbackorquestionsonthisdocumentshouldbedirectedtotheusersnationalstandardsbody.A
16、completelistingofthesebodiescanbefoundatWWW.iso.org/membnrs.htmLNon-destructivetestingRadiationmethodsforcomputedtomography一Part4:Qualification1 ScopeThisdocumentgivesguidanceonthequalificationoftheperformanceofacomputedtomography(CT)systemwithrespecttovarioustestingtasks.Thisdocumentisapplicableonl
17、ytoindustrialimaging(i.e.non-medicalapplications)andprovidesaconsistentsetofdefinitionsofCTperformanceparameters,includingtherelationshipbetweentheseperformanceparametersandCTsystemspecifications.Thisdocumentisapplicabletoindustrialcomputedtomography.Thisdocumentdoesnotapplytoothertechniquesoftomogr
18、aphysuchastranslationaltomographyandtomosynthesis.2 NormativereferencesThefollowingdocumentsarereferredtointhetextinsuchawaythatsomeoralloftheircontentconstitutesrequirementsofthisdocument.Fordatedreferences,onlytheeditioncitedapplies.Forundatedreferences,thelatesteditionofthereferenceddocument(incl
19、udinganyamendments)applies.ISO15708-1,Non-destructivetestingRadiationmethodsforcomputedtomographyParti:VocabularyISO15708-3:2025,Non-destructivetestingRadiationmethodsforcomputedtomographyPart3:Operationandinterpretation3 TermsanddefinitionsForthepurposesofthisdocument,thetermsanddefinitionsgiveninI
20、SO15708-1apply.ISOandIECmaintainterminologydatabasesforuseinstandardizationatthefollowingaddresses: ISOOnlinebrowsingplatform:availableathttps:WWW.iso.org/obp IECElectropedia:availableathttps:WWW.electropedia.org/4 Qualificationofthetesting4.1 GeneralCTisusedinindustrybothfordefecttestingandanalysis
21、aswellasdimensionaltestingandmeasurement.SinceCTdoesnotprovideadirectmeasurementofthedesiredquantitiessuchase.g.poresizeorwallthickness,thesequantitiesshallbederivedfromtheX-raylinearattenuationdatarepresentedbytheCTgreyvalues.Thedetectabilityoffeaturesandthedegreeofaccuracyrequireddependonthetestin
22、gtask,thespecificationoftheavailabletestequipmentandtheanalysisandevaluationmethodsused.Ifthedeterminationofsuchquantitiesisrequired,aspecialtask-specificqualificationprocedureoftheappliedCTsystemshallbeperformed.Thequalificationparametersarespecifiedin412and4.3.Thisqualificationshallbecarriedoutbyt
23、rainedpersonnel.ThetrainedpersonnelshallbetrainedandqualifiedinCTordigitalindustrialradiographyorradioscopy.4.2 Qualificationofdefecttesting4.2.1 GeneralAspartofthetestqualification,thesuitabilityoftheCTtestingtechniqueformeasuringaquantitywiththerequiredaccuracyshallbeverified.ThestepsdescribedinCl
24、aUSe4arenecessaryforsuccessfuldemonstrationofthesuitabilityofCTforthisspecificindustrialapplication.4.2.2 ObjectsandfeaturesTypicalquantitiestobemeasuredarethesizesofpores,cavities,cracks,inclusions,contaminantsaswellasinvestigationsofthematerialdistribution,assembly,andinternalpositionofcomponents.
25、Sincethetestsampleandthetype,positionandsizeofthefeaturestobedetecteddeterminethepropertiesofaCTsystemtobeused,informationsuchasthefollowingshouldbeknown:a) testobject:1) dimensions;2) weight;3) materials;4) pathlengthtobeX-rayedinthematerial;b) testfeature:1) type;2) position;3) size;4) distributio
26、n,frequency;c) featuredetectability:1) limitingdefectsize;2) limitingfeaturesize.SincethefeaturedetectabilitystronglyinfluencesthespecificationandthusonthecostofaCTsystem,specialattentionshouldbepaidtothiswhendefiningthesensitivityoftherequiredtests.Iflimitingvaluesforfeaturescannotbespecifiedduetol
27、ackofinformationabouttheexpectedfeatures,itisrecommendedtousethebestpossiblesensitivityfortheavailablemethodandCTsystemandtoverifytheachievedfeaturedetectability,e.g.bydestructivetestscarriedoutatthefeaturepositionsdetectedbytheCTscan.4.2.3 Featuredetectability/testsystem/systemparameterisationTheus
28、abilityoftheCTsystemandtheselectionofsystemparametersaredeterminedbytherequirementsforfeaturedetectability.Typicalvariablesare:a) spatialresolution:1) overallspatialresolutionoftheCTimage;2) scangeometry;3) detectorspatialresolution;4) focalspotsizeofradiationsource;b) contrastresolution:1) overallc
29、ontrastresolutionoftheCTimage;2) detectorsettings;3) tubevoltage;4) tubecurrent;c) reconstruction/visualization:1) numberofprojections;2) CTgreyvaluedynamicrangeofthereconstructionorvisualization;3) CTimagesizeinX,YandZaxes.CTsystemset-upandimagequalityparametersshallbeinaccordancewithISO15708-3:202
30、5,4.2and5.1.4.2.4 Verificationofsuitability4.2.4.1 GeneralAreliablestatementaboutthedefectdetectionsensitivityandthedefectdetectabilityoftheCTsystemusedfortestingshallbemadebystatingthedegreeofaccuracyofthetestrequired(tolerance,degreeoffluctuation).Severalalternativeproceduresarespecifiedin4244.2.4
31、2 ReferenceobjectswithnaturaldefectsIfareferenceobjectwithaknowndefectisavailable,itstestingiscarriedoutandthedetectabilityofthedefectisstatedafterit.Ifareferenceobjectwithunquantifieddefectsisavailable,itstestingiscarriedoutandthedetectabilityofdefectsisstatedbycross-check,e.g.byadestructivetestaf
32、tertheCT.4.2.4.3 ReferenceobjectwithsyntheticdefectIfthetestfeaturecanbesimulatedusingasyntheticdefect,e.g.ahole,theverificationofthedefectdetectabilitycanbecarriedoutinaccordanceto4.2.4.2.4.2.4.4 ReferenceobjectwithoutspecificationsIfnospecificationsareavailableforthereferenceobjectstatusandacross-
33、measureisnotpossible,thetestiscarriedoutusingthedefaultsystemsensitivity.Samplestructuressuchaswallthicknessesandexternaldimensionscanbeusedtoestimatethedefectdetectability.Alternatively,referenceobjectssuchaswiresorsphereswithknowndimensionscanalsobeused.4.2.5 ConsistencycheckTheCTscanrequiressever
34、alverycomplexprocessstepsforwhichsourcesoferrorcannotalwaysbeexcluded.Afterthescan,thefollowingpossiblesourcesoferrorcanbedetected: reconstruction(size,CTslicepositions,possibleartefacts); CTdatasetscaling; sinogram(CTgreyvalueandcurveprogress)orCTprojectionsequence(comparisonbetweenprojections,imag
35、equalityoftheprojections,intensitychanges); systemstatus(errormessages).Iferrorsoccur,theyshalleitherbecorrected,ortheircauseseliminatedandthetestrepeated.4.2.6 DocumentationTherelevantparametersandresultsofthequalificationstepsshallbedescribedandreportedinthequalificationreport.TheCTdatasetsshallbe
36、archivedforaperiodtobeagreedwiththeend-user.Thetestparametersshallbearchivedinsuchawaythatanidenticaltestprocedureispossibleforrecurringtestsamplesandfeatures.4.3 Qualificationofdimensionaltesting4.3.1 GeneralCTtestingprovidesinformationaboutthe3Dstructureofasamplefromwhichsurfaceandgeometrydatacanb
37、ederived.AsthesedataarebasedonX-ray-physicalabsorptiondifferencesatthecontourtransitions,smalldifferencesinmeasuredvaluescanoccurcomparedtoclassictactileoropticalmeasuringprocedures.In4.3,theCTscanparametersthatinfluencetheresultsshallbedescribedtogetherwiththeprocessstepsthataffecttheaccuracyofther
38、esults.4.3.2 TestandmeasurementtaskDimensionalmeasurementtasksincludethemeasurementofindividualdimensionsinthetestobject,wallthicknessmeasurements,surfaceextraction,volumeextractionornominal-actualcomparisons.Therequiredmeasurementaccuracyshallbespecifiedforeachtaskand,ifnecessary,fordifferentpartso
39、fthesample.4.3.3 Dimensionaltesting/testsystem/systemparameterisationTheachievabledegreeofaccuracydependsonthetestobject,thelimitationsofX-rayphysicsandthesubsequentdataprocessing.AninitialestimateofthedegreeofaccuracyofaCT-baseddimensionalmeasurementcanbeperformedusingthefollowingparameters:a) spat
40、ialresolutioninthetestobject:1) dimensions;2) geometricmagnification,voxelsize;3) detectorresolution;4) focalspot;b) X-raypenetrationoftestobject:1) material;2) maximalwallthicknesstobeX-rayed;3) contrastresolution;c) 3Dcomponentdata:1) originalCTvoxelsize;2) extractionstepsandquality;3) furtherproc
41、essingstepsandquality;4) registrationmethod.Forthisestimation,itshouldbenotedthatphysicalX-rayeffects(suchasscatteredradiationandbeamhardening)aswellasartefactsduetothedetectorandthereconstructionmethodcanleadtowidelyvaryingdegreesofaccuracyindifferentpartsofthesample.Foraknownmeasuringregion,theloc
42、alparametersshouldbeused.ThetestingtaskshallberejectedifthesetofrequirementsarebeyondthecapabilityoftheX-raytechnologyortheCTsystem.4.3.4 Degreeofaccuracy4.3.4.1 GeneralBasedontheproceduresgivenin4.3.4,astatementonthedegreeofaccuracyachievedcanbereleasedwhichdependsonthemeasurementtask.Themethodsin4
43、3.4provideanoveralldegreeofaccuracyoftheentiremeasurementchain.4.3.4.2 ReferenceobjectForthemeasurementtask,areferenceobjectisused,whichissubjectedtoastandardtechniqueforcrosscheck,e.g.tactileoropticaland,ifnecessary,destructivemeasurementmethods.Bycomparingthemeasurementdata,statementsaboutthedegr
44、eeofaccuracy(whichcanvaryindifferentpartsofthesample)arepossible.ThedegreesofaccuracyachievedcanbetransferredtosimilarsamplesforthesameCTsystemparametersandcomparabletestsamples.Typicalspecificationsare:a) referencedimensions;b) informationoncross-checkmeasurementprocedures;c) standarddeviationofmea
45、surementerrorsforareferencedataset.4.3.4.3 ReferencebodiesIfacompletecross-checkmeasurementisnotpossible,ameasurementofaccessiblesamplegeometrieswithcomparableattenuationvaluestothereferencesamplecanbeusedtoestimatethedegreeofaccuracy.Theuseofreferencebodiessuchasspheresanddumbbellsalsorepresentanop
46、tionforestimatingthedegreeofaccuracy.Typicalspecificationsare:a) referencedimensions;b) informationoncross-checkmeasurementproceduresandthedifferenttestzoneswithinthesample;c) standarddeviationofthemeasurementerrorforareferencedataset.4.3.5 ConsistencycheckSee4.2.5.4.3.6 DocumentationSee4.2.6.5 Qual
47、ificationoftheCTsystem5.1 GeneralTheabilityofaCTsystemtodeliverhigh-quality,stableandreproducibleresultsdependsonthestableperformanceofallthesystemcomponentsandtheirinteractions.Toensurethisindailyoperation,regularsystemverificationaccordingtospecifiedcriteriaisrecommended.Adistinctionshouldbemadebetweensystemverificationscarriedoutatshortintervals(e.g.weekly)inthesenseofan,overallperformance,1checkandthosecarriedoutatlongerintervals(e.g.annually)todeterminethequalitylevelandpossiblechangesofindividualsystemcomponents.5.2 IntegraloverallsystemverificationForregular
