1、EN17308EuropeanstandardNormeeuropeenneNovember2024EuropaischenormICS13.030.50;83,160.01SupersedesCEN/TS17308:2019EnglishVersionMaterialsproducedfromendoflifetyres-Steelwire-Determinationofthenon-metalliccontentMateriauxobtenusapartirdepneususagesnonreutilisables(PUNR)-Filsmetalliques-Determinationde
2、lateneurenmateriauxnonmetalliquesAusAltreifengewonneneMaterialien-Stahldrahte-Bestimmungdernicht-metallischenBestandteileThisEuropeanStandardwasapprovedbyCENon6October2024.CENmembersareboundtocomplywiththeCEN/CENELECInternalRegulationswhichstipulatetheconditionsforgivingthisEuropeanStandardthestatus
3、ofanationalstandardwithoutanyalteration.Up-to-datelistsandbibliographicalreferencesconcerningsuchnationalstandardsmaybeobtainedonapplicationtotheCEN-CENELECManagementCentreortoanyCENmember.ThisEuropeanStandardexistsinthreeofficialversions(English,French,German).Aversioninanyotherlanguagemadebytransl
4、ationundertheresponsibilityofaCENmemberintoitsownlanguageandnotifiedtotheCEN-CENELECManagementCentrehasthesamestatusastheofficialversions.CENmembersarethenationalstandardsbodiesofAustria,Belgium,Bulgaria,Croatia,Cyprus,CzechRepublic,Denmark,Estonia,Finland,France,Germany,Greece,Hungary,Iceland,Irela
5、nd,Italy,Latvia,Lithuania,Luxembourg,Malta,Netherlands,Norway,Poland,Portugal,RepublicofNorthMacedonia,Romania,Serbia,Slovakia,Slovenia,Spain,Sweden,Switzerland,TiirkiyeandUnitedKingdom.EUROPEANCOMMITTEEFORSTANDARDIZATIONCOMITEEUROPEENDENORMALISATIONEuropaischeskomiteefurnormungCEN-CENELECManagement
6、Centre:RuedelaScience23,B-1040Brussels2024CENAllrightsofexploitationinanyformandbyanymeansreservedRef.No.EN17308:2024EworldwideforCENnationalMembers.ContentsPageEuropeanforeword41 Scope52 Normativereferences53 Termsanddefinitions54 Testingprogramme75 Determinationofnon-metalliccontentinsteelwire75.1
7、 General75.2 Preparationofsamplingplanandlaboratorysample75.2.1 Principleofcorrectsampling75.2.2 Samplingplan85.2.3 Definitionoflotsize85.2.4 Samplingpointandapparatus85.2.5 Sizeofasampleincrement85.2.6 Numberofsampleincrements95.2.7 Metrologicalcharacteristicsofsampling95.2.8 Visualassessment95.3 S
8、torageandtransportOflaboratorysample(三)95.4 Laboratorysample(三)andtestportion(三)95.4.1 Generalprinciple95.4.2 Laboratorysample96 Determinationbypyrolysismethod96.1 Principle.96.2 Apparatus96.2.1 Analyticalscales96.2.2 Pyrolysisset-up106.2.3 Steelwirecleaningapparatus106.2.4 Magnets116.2.5 Tray.116.3
9、 Sampling116.4 Determination116.5 Expressionofresults127 Determinationbyhydrostaticmethod137.1 Principle137.2 Pretreatment137.3 Apparatus137.3.1 Analyticalscale137.3.2 Hydrostaticapparatus137.3.3 Reagents157.4 Procedure157.5 Calculation157.6 Metrologicalcharacteristics168 Report16Annex A (informativ
10、e)Exampleofatestreportsheet17Annex B (informative)Schematicdiagramofapyrolyzer18Annex C (informative)Explanationoftheformulausedinthehydrostaticmethod19Bibliography21EuropeanforewordThisdocument(EN17308:2024)hasbeenpreparedbyTechnicalCommitteeCEN/TC366MaterialsobtainedfromEnd-of-LifeTyres(ELT)”,thes
11、ecretariatofwhichisheldbyUNLThisEuropeanStandardshallbegiventhestatusofanationalstandard,eitherbypublicationofanidenticaltextorbyendorsement,atthelatestbyMay2025andconflictingnationalstandardsshallbewithdrawnatthelatestbyMay2025.Attentionisdrawntothepossibilitythatsomeoftheelementsofthisdocumentmayb
12、ethesubjectofpatentrights.CENshallnotbeheldresponsibleforidentifyinganyorallsuchpatentrights.ThisdocumentsupersedesCEN/TS17308:2019.Anyfeedbackandquestionsonthisdocumentshouldbedirectedtotheusersnationalstandardsbody.AcompletelistingofthesebodiescanbefoundontheCENwebsite.AccordingtotheCEN-CENELECInt
13、ernalRegulations,thenationalstandardsorganizationsofthefollowingcountriesareboundtoimplementthisEuropeanStandard:Austria,Belgium,Bulgaria,Croatia,Cyprus,CzechRepublic,Denmark,Estonia,Finland,France,Germany,Greece,Hungary,Iceland,Ireland,Italy,Latvia,Lithuania,Luxembourg,Malta,Netherlands,Norway,Pola
14、nd,Portugal,RepublicofNorthMacedonia,Romania,Serbia,Slovakia,SlovenialSpain,Sweden,Switzerland,TiirkiyeandtheUnitedKingdom.1 ScopeThisdocumentspecifiestwodifferentmethodsforthequantitativeestimationofnon-metalliccontentremainingadheredtothesteelwireobtainedfromtherecoveryofmaterialsfromend-of-lifety
15、res.Thepyrolysismethodisconsideredasthereferencemethodwhilethehydrostaticmethodisconsideredasaninsitumethod.Thisdocumentincludessamplecollectionandthepreparationofrepresentativesamplesbasedonasamplingplanforthepurposeoftheircharacterization.Thisdocumentdoesnotapplytotheoperationalperformanceorfitnes
16、sforuseofthematerialswhicharedeemedtobeafunctionofagreementsbetweenthemanufacturerandthecustomer.Thisdocumentdoesnotapplytoaddressallthesafetyconcerns,ifany,associatedwithitsuse.Thisdocumentdoesnotestablishappropriatesafetyandhealthpracticesanddoesnotdeterminetheapplicabilityofregulatorylimitationsp
17、riortoitsuse.2 NormativereferencesThefollowingdocumentsarereferredtointhetextinsuchawaythatsomeoralloftheircontentconstitutesrequirementsofthisdocument.Fordatedreferences,onlytheeditioncitedapplies.Forundatedreferences,thelatesteditionofthereferenceddocument(includinganyamendments)applies.EN14243(al
18、lparts),Materialsobtainedfromendoflifetyres3 TermsanddefinitionsForthepurposesofthisdocument,thefollowingtermsanddefinitionsapply.ISOandIECmaintainterminologydatabasesforuseinstandardizationatthefollowingaddresses: IECElectropedia:availableathttps:WWW.electropedia.org/ ISOOnlinebrowsingplatform:avai
19、lableathttps:WWW.iso.org/obp/1.1sampleamountofmaterialtakenfromapopulationandintendedtoprovideinformationonthepopulation1.2incrementportionofmaterialextractedinasingleoperationofthesamplingdeviceSOURCE:EN14243-1:2019,3.1.3,modified一sub-portionisreplacedbyportion.1.3characteristicpropertywhichhelpsto
20、identifyordifferentiateitemsofagivenpopulationNote1toentry:Thecharacteristiccanbeeitherquantitative(byvariables)orqualitative(byattributes).SOURCE:EN14243-1:2019,3.1.41.4 lotdefinedquantityofmaterialforwhichacharacteristicistobedeterminedNote1toentry:Insamplingstandards,thelotisalsodesignatedasthest
21、atedsizeorvolumethatisconsideredappropriateforassessingthematerial.Itfollowsthatvariationsoccurringinthematerialonanyfinerscalethanthisaredeemednottobeofrelevance.1.5combinedsamplesampleconsistingofalltheincrementstakenfromalotNote1toentry:Acombinedsampleisaquantityofmaterial,representativeofthelotf
22、orwhichthequalityistobedetermined.1.6fieldsamplesampletakeninthefieldandfromwhichlaboratorysamplesareproduced1.7laboratorysamplesampleorsub-samplesenttoorreceivedbythelaboratoryNote1toentry:Whenthelaboratorysamplehasbeenprepared(reduced)bysubdivision,mixingorcrushing,orbyacombinationoftheseprocesses
23、itbecomesthetestsample.Alaboratorysamplethatrequiresnopreparationcanbeuseddirectlyasthetestsample.Atestportionisremovedfromthetestsamplefortestingoranalysispurposes.Thelaboratorysampleisthefinalsamplefromthepointofviewofsamplecollection,butitistheinitialsamplefromthepointofviewofthelaboratory.Note2
24、toentry:Severallaboratorysamplescanbepreparedandsenttodifferentlaboratories,ortheycanbesenttothesamelaboratoryfordifferentpurposes.Inthelattercase,theyaregenerallyconsideredtobeasinglelaboratorysampleanddocumentedassuch.SOURCE:EN14243-1:2019,3.1.8,modified-Note1toentrycontainsadditionalinformation.1
25、8testsamplesamplepreparedfromthelaboratorysample,fromwhichthetestportionsareremovedfortestingorforanalysisNote1toentry:Theproceduresofpreparationfromthelaboratorysamplearenotincluded.SOURCE:EN14243-1:2019,3.1.9,modified-Note1toentryhasbeenadded.1.9populationtotalityofitems,ortotalvolumeofmaterial,t
26、obeinvestigatedbysamplingNote1toentry:Thepopulationwillgenerallybeaconvenient,well-definedsubsetoftheoverallpopulation(e.g.ayearsproductionofmaterial)thatisbelievedtobetypicalofthatwiderpopulation.3.10representativesampleSampleresultingfromasamplingplanthatcanbeexpectedtoreflectadequatelytheproperti
27、esofinterestintheparentpopulationSOURCE:EN14243-1:2019,3.1,123.11probabilisticsamplingsamplingconductedaccordingtothestatisticalprinciplesofsampling3.12steelwireresultofprocessingend-of-lifetyresbywhichsteelwiresareseparatedfromtextileandrubberfractions4 TestingprogrammeWhenperformingatestingprogram
28、mefordeterminingproductcharacteristics,allthedifferentmeasurement/testingstepsaretobeconsideredandspecifiedbymeansofstandardsdealingeachwithoneorseveralofthosesteps,thussecuringtheneededcoherenceandcoordinationbetweenthesedifferenttestingsteps.Thestepsare:a) samplingplan;b) takingfieldsamplers);c) s
29、torageofthesample(三)ltransport;d) pre-treatmene.g.drying(ifneeded);e) quantification,analysis,calculations;f) overalltestreport.Whenundertakingsomeorallofthesemeasurementsteps,atestinglaboratoryshalloperatewithappropriateequipmentandcompetentpersonnelsoastofulfiltheapplicablerequirementsspecifiedint
30、hepresentdocument.Thisincludescalibrationofequipment,e.g.calibrationofscales.5 Determinationofnon-metalliccontentinsteelwire5.1 GeneralPercentageofnon-metalliccontentisakeymeasurementrequiredforProductclassificationofsteelwire.Beforebeingabletoobtainanaccuratevalue,arepresentativesampleofthematerial
31、tobetestedshallbetaken.5.2 Preparationofsamplingplanandlaboratorysample5.2.1 PrincipleofcorrectsamplingThemainprincipleofsamplingistoobtainarepresentativesample(三)fromalotofmaterialfromwhichacharacteristicistobedetermined.Ifthelotistoberepresentedbyasample,theneveryparticleinthelotshallhaveanequalpr
32、obabilityofbeingincludedinthesample(i.e.probabilisticsampling).Theseprinciplescannotbefullyappliedinpracticewithsteelwire,soadifferentprocedureisdefinedtoensureasmuchaspossibletheprobabilisticsampling.NOTETheobjectiveofthisprocedureistotakesamplesinawaythatistrulyrepresentativeofthematerialproduced.
33、Itiseasierwhenthematerialismoving(forexampleonaconveyorbelt).Therefore,samplingfrommovingmaterialwillbepreferredwheneverpossible.5.2.2 SamplingplanAwrittensamplingplanshallbeprepared,beforetakingsamplesaccordingto5.2.4to5.2.8.Thenumberofincrementsshallbenotlessthantheminimumnumberofincrementsspecifi
34、edin5.2.6.Aformforthesamplingplanshallbepreparedcontainingthefollowingminimuminformation:a) thenameoftheproducer;b) auniqueidentificationnumberofthesample;c) thenameofthesampler;d) theIOCation(三),dateandtimeofsampling;e) thelotidentificationnumberwhichistobetested(basedon5.2.3);f) referencetothisdoc
35、ument;g) anydeviationfromthisdocument.Oncecompleted,thisformbecomesthesamplingcertificate.5.2.3 DefinitionoflotsizeThelotsizeshallbedefinedbytheproducerinaccordancewithrequestedspecificationsandisafixedquantityforwhichacharacteristicisdetermined.ThelotsizeMlOtmaybedefinedbytheproduceras:a) afixedqua
36、ntityproducedbetweenmachinesettings;b) afixedquantityinaproductionday/shift;c) afixedquantityminimumof10t.Thelotsizeisbasedonproductionqualitymanagementdecisionsorspecificcustomerrequirements.5.2.4 SamplingpointandapparatusBasedonhealthandsafetyassessmentsandproducerequipment,afixedpointforthecollec
37、tionofsampleincrementsshallbechosen.Samplingshallbecarriedoutusingasampleboxorothersuitableequipment.Thesamplingboxispassedthroughthestreamoffallingmaterialsothatituniformlycutsthefullflowoffallingmaterial.Theboxshallbelargeenoughsothatitdoesnotbecomeoverloaded.Automaticsystemsfulfillingthesecriteri
38、amayalsobeused.Sampleincrementsshallbecollectedwiththesamefrequencywithinthelotinordertorepresentthewholelot.5.2.5 SizeofasampleincrementBothcriteriashallbefulfilled:massofminimumincrement:0,5kg;volumeofminimumincrement:2dm3.NOTEMassandvolumehavebeencalculatedaccordingtoexistingexperience.5.2.6 Numb
39、erofsampleincrementsTheminimumnumberOfincrementsdependsonthesizeofthelottobesampled:n=4+0,01MotwherenistheminimumpermittednumberOfincrementsroundedofftothenearestwholenumber;Miotisthemassofthelotintonnes.5.2.7 MetrologicalcharacteristicsofsamplingThesubclauseswillbeupdatedwiththeresultsofthesecondph
40、aseofthevalidation.5.2.8 VisualassessmentTheincrementsareassessedvisuallyandobservationsonthequalityshouldbenotedasadditionalinformationandrecordedaccordingtoqualitymanagement,bestpracticepoliciesorspecificcustomerrequirements.5.3 Storageandtransportoflaboratorysample(三)Increment(三)andcombinedsample
41、三)areplacedinasealedsampleboxinsuchawaythatnomaterialislostduringstorageandtransportation.Inthecaseofacombinedsamplesendtoanexternallaboratory,itisstoreddryandthesamplingcertificateattached.See7.2forpretreatment.5.4 Laboratorysample(三)andtestportion(三)5.4.1 GeneralprincipleTheshapeandthesizeofthest
42、eelwiresdonotallowperformingsubdivisionofthesampleandquarteringwithoutsignificantlyaffectingthesamplecomposition.Sampleduplicationcanonlybeperformedbytakingseveralsampleincrementsatthesameinstant.Whenevermoreincrementsarejoined,theycannolongerbedividedintestportionswithoutchangingtheircomposition.5.
43、4.2 LaboratorysampleThelaboratorysamplecanthenbeobtainedbyjoiningfourormoreincrementsfromthesamelot.Analysisofthelaboratorysamplewillbeconductedasdescribedin6forthereferencemethodor7fortheinsitumethod.6 Determinationbypyrolysismethod6.1 PrincipleThismethodisbasedondecompositioninaninertatmosphereofa
44、sampleofsteelwiretakenafteroneofthemechanicalgrindingtreatmentsofELTs.Bothsteelandnon-metalliccontentareweighedtoevaluatethequantitiesofeachcomponent.6.2 Apparatus6.2.1 AnalyticalscalesTheanalyticalscalesusedtoweighthelaboratorysampleandthesteelwireshallbeaccurateto1g.6.2.2 Pyrolysisset-upThepyrolys
45、isset-upcomprises(seeFigureB.linAnnexB):abase-mountedresistorfurnace;acrackingfurnacefittedbeneathacrackingriserjntoWhichisintroducedachamberovencontainingtheproductforpyrolysis;acondenserapparatus.6.2.3 SteelwirecleaningapparatusThepyrolysisreactiongenerallyleavescarbonblackonthesteelwire,whichcons
46、equentlyrequiresamechanicaltreatment.Straightforwardmechanicalcleaningandthenrecoveringthesteelwireusingamagnetisadequatetocompletelyseparatethesteelwirefromthecarbonizedrubber.ThisoperationcanbeperformedusinganI-drumoratrommelsievingdrum(seeFigure1below).a)IllustrationofanI-drumb)DescriptionofanI-d
47、rum(L=700mm,=130mm,v=20rpm)Figure1ExampleofanI-drumoratrommelsievingdrum6.2.4 MagnetsThepermanentmagnetshallbeaneodymiummagnet.Itsmagneticfieldintensityshallbeintherangefrom(0,1to1)Tesla,anditssurfaceareashallnotbelessthan2cm2.Themagnetmaybefittedwithanon-magneticshieldtofacilitatewirerecoverybyremo
48、vingitfromthemagneticfield.6.2.5 TrayThetrayisusedtorecovertheferromagneticelements.6.3 SamplingThelaboratorysampleisputtogetherbymixingseveralfieldsamples.ThesamplingplanshallbeimplementedassetoutintheEN14243series.6.4DeterminationForthe2kgtestportion,thefollowingparametersshallbeapplied(seeFigure2):SamplepyrolysisTheop
