1、IECIEC62629-62-12IEdition1.02025-06INTERNATIONALSTANDARD3Ddisplays-Part62-12:Measurementmethodsforvirtual-imagetype-ImagequalityICS31.120;31.260ISBN978-2-8327-0391-5THISPUBLICATIONISCOPYRIGHTPROTECTEDCopyright2025IEC,Geneva,SwitzerlandAllrightsreserved.Unlessotherwisespecified,nopartofthispublicatio
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3、pleasecontacttheaddressbeloworyourlocalIECmemberNationalCommitteeforfurtherinformation.IECSecretariatTel.:+412291902113,ruedeVarembeinfoiec.chwww.iec.chCH-1211Geneva20SwitzerlandAbouttheIECTheInternationalElectrotechnicalCommission(IEC)istheleadingglobalorganizationthatpreparesandpublishesInternati
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7、nspreviews,graphicalsymbolsandtheglossary.Withasubscriptionyouwillalwayshaveaccesstouptodatecontenttailoredtoyourneeds.Electropedia-www.electropedia.orgTheworldsleadingonlinedictionaryonelectrotechnology,containingmorethan22500terminologicalentriesinEnglishandFrench,withequivalenttermsin25additional
8、languages.AlsoknownastheInternationalElectrotechnicalVocabulary(IEV)online.Warning!Makesurethatyouobtainedthispublicationfromanauthorizeddistributor.CONTENTSFOREWORD41 Scope62 Normativereferences63 Terms,definitionsandabbreviatedterms63.1 Termsanddefinitions63.2 Abbreviatedterms74 Lightmeasuringdevi
9、ce(LMD)85 Measurementmethodofuniform-illuminated-flat-backgroundeffecton3Dvirtualimage85.1 General85.2 Measurementconfigurationofuniform-illuminated-flat-backgroundeffecton3Dvirtualimage85.3 Illuminationforuniform-illuminated-flat-backgroundconditions105.4 Measurementofcontrastandchromaticityofa3Dvi
10、rtualimageagainstdifferentuniform-illuminated-flat-backgrouds115.4.1 General115.4.2 Conditions115.4.3 Procedures135.4.4 Reports156 Measurementmethodforghostimage166.1 Measuringconfigurationforpositionestimation166.2 Conditions176.3 Procedures186.4 Reports197 Measurementmethodsforbinocularmisalignmen
11、t197.1 General197.2 Conditions207.3 Procedures227.4 Reports24AnnexA(informative)Measurementexamples25A.1Measurementexampleforghostimage25A.2Measurementexampleforbinocularmisalignment26Bibliography28Figure 1 -Measuringconfigurationforevaluatinguniform-illuminated-flat-backgroundeffectonimagequalitypr
12、opertyofa3Dvirtualimage9Figure 2 -Pointsfornon-uniformitymeasurementonuniform-illuminated-flat-background10Figure 3 -Testimagesformeasuringcontrastandchromaticitypropertiesaffectedbyuniform-illuminated-flat-backgroundchangeon3Dvirtualimage12Figure 4 -Measuringconditionforcontrastandchromaticityprope
13、rtiesof3Dvirtualimageagainstdifferentuniform-illuminated-flat-backgroundconditions13Figure 5 -Measuringsetupforghostimage17Figure 6 -Measurementofghostimage18Figure 7 -Testpatternandmeasuringconfigurationforevaluatingbinocularmisalignment21Figure 8 -LMDpositionsforevaluatingthebinocularmisalignment2
14、2FigureA.1-Exampleoftestimagewithghostphenomenon25FigureA.2-Exampleofcapturedtest-imagebyimagingLMDforbinocularmisalignment26Table 1 -Exampleofmeasurementresultsforluminanceandchromaticityvaluesindifferentuniform-illumiated-flat-backgroundconditions16Table 2 -LMDpositionsinxyzcoordinatesorninemeasur
15、ements22Table 3 -Exampleofmeasurementresultsforhorizontalandverticalbinocularmisalignmentindegrees24TableA.1-Exampleofmeasurementandcalculationresultsforghostimage25TableA.2-ExampleofLMDpositionsinxyzcoordinatesorninemeasurements27TableA.3-Exampleofmeasurementandcalculationresultsforhorizontalandver
16、ticalbinocularmisalignmentindegrees27INTERNATIONALELECTROTECHNICALCOMMISSION3DDISPLAYS-Part62-12:Measurementmethodsforvirtual-imagetype-ImagequalityFOREWORD1) TheInternationalElectrotechnicalCommission(IEC)isaworldwideorganizationforstandardizationcomprisingallnationalelectrotechnicalcommittees(IECN
17、ationalCommittees).TheobjectofIECistopromoteinternationalco-operationonallquestionsconcerningstandardizationintheelectricalandelectronicfields.Tothisendandinadditiontootheractivities,IECpublishesInternationalStandards,TechnicalSpecifications,TechnicalReports,PubliclyAvailableSpecifications(PAS)andGu
18、ides(hereafterreferredtoas,IECPubIication(三).Theirpreparationisentrustedtotechnicalcommittees;anyIECNationalCommitteeinterestedinthesubjectdealtwithmayparticipateinthispreparatorywork.International,governmentalandnon-governmentalorganizationsliaisingwiththeIECalsoparticipateinthispreparation.IECcoll
19、aboratescloselywiththeInternationalOrganizationforStandardization(ISO)inaccordancewithconditionsdeterminedbyagreementbetweenthetwoorganizations.2) TheformaldecisionsoragreementsofIEContechnicalmattersexpress,asnearlyaspossible,aninternationalconsensusofopinionontherelevantsubjectssinceeachtechnicalc
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23、ersshouldensurethattheyhavethelatesteditionofthispublication.7) NoliabilityshallattachtoIECoritsdirectors,employees,servantsoragentsincludingindividualexpertsandmembersofitstechnicalcommitteesandIECNationalCommitteesforanypersonalinjury,propertydamageorotherdamageofanynaturewhatsoever,whetherdirecto
24、rindirect,orforcosts(includinglegalfees)andexpensesarisingoutofthepublication,useof,orrelianceupon,thisIECPublicationoranyotherIECPublications.8) AttentionisdrawntotheNormativereferencescitedinthispublication.Useofthereferencedpublicationsisindispensableforthecorrectapplicationofthispublication.9) I
25、ECdrawsattentiontothepossibilitythattheimplementationofthisdocumentmayinvolvetheuseof（八）patent(三).IECtakesnopositionconcerningtheevidence,validityorapplicabilityofanyclaimedpatentrightsinrespectthereof.Asofthedateofpublicationofthisdocument,IEChadnotreceivednoticeof（八）patent(三),whichmayberequiredtoi
26、mplementthisdocument.However,implementersarecautionedthatthismaynotrepresentthelatestinformation,whichmaybeobtainedfromthepatentdatabaseavailableathttps:/patents.iec.ch.IECshallnotbeheldresponsibleforidentifyinganyorallsuchpatentrights.IEC62629-62-12hasbeenpreparedbyIECtechnicalcommittee110:Electron
27、icdisplays.ItisanInternationalStandard.ThetextofthisInternationalStandardisbasedonthefollowingdocuments:DraftReportonvoting110/1736/FDIS110/1759/RVDFullinformationonthevotingforitsapprovalcanbefoundinthereportonvotingindicatedintheabovetable.ThelanguageusedforthedevelopmentofthisInternationalStandar
28、disEnglish.ThisdocumentwasdraftedinaccordancewithISO/IECDirectives,Part2,anddevelopedinaccordancewithISO/IECDirectives,Part1andISO/IECDirectives,IECSupplement,availableatwww.iec.ch/members_experts/refdocs.ThemaindocumenttypesdevelopedbyIECaredescribedingreaterdetailatwww.iec.ch/publications.Alistofa
29、llpartsintheIEC62629series,publishedunderthegeneraltitle3Ddisplaydevices,canbefoundontheIECwebsite.ThecommitteehasdecidedthatthecontentsofthisdocumentwillremainunchangeduntilthestabilitydateindicatedontheIECwebsiteunderwebstore.iec.chinthedatarelatedtothespecificdocument.Atthisdate,thedocumentwillbe
30、 reconfirmed, withdrawn,or revised.3DDISPLAYS-Part62-12:Measurementmethodsforvirtual-imagetype-Imagequality1 ScopeThispartofIEC62629specifiesthestandardmeasuringconditionsandmeasurementmethodsfordeterminingimagequalityfor3Ddisplaysthatproducevirtualimages,suchas3Dheads-updisplaysinwhichthe3Dvisualin
31、formationissuperimposedwiththeoutsideworld.Eyeweardisplaysarehoweverbeyondthescopeofthisdocument.Thescopeofthisdocumentdoesnotintendtoincludeeyeweardisplaysconsideringthedifferencebetweenahead-updisplayandaneyeweardisplayintheaspectofeyeboxsizeandfieldofview.Theeye-trackingfunctionisdisabledintheima
32、gequalitymeasurementofthisdocument.2 NormativereferencesThefollowingdocumentsarereferredtointhetextinsuchawaythatsomeoralloftheircontentconstitutesrequirementsofthisdocument.Fordatedreferences,onlytheeditioncitedapplies.Forundatedreferences,thelatesteditionofthereferenceddocument(includinganyamendme
33、nts)applies.IEC62629-1-2,3Ddisplaydevices-Part1-2:Generic-TerminologyandlettersymbolsIEC62629-62-11:2022,3Ddisplaydevices-Part62-11:Measurementmethodsforvirtual-imagetype-Optical3 Terms3definitionsandabbreviatedterms3.1 TermsanddefinitionsForthepurposesofthisdocument,thetermsanddefinitionsgiveninIEC
34、62629-1-2andthefollowingapply.ISOandIECmaintainterminologydatabasesforuseinstandardizationatthefollowingaddresses:3.1.1 IECElectropedia:availableathttps:/www.electropedia.org/3.1.2 ISOOnlinebrowsingplatform:availableathttpswww.iso.org/obp3.1.3virtualimagedistancedistancefromthecentrebetweenbotheyest
35、othecentreofthevirtualimageplaneNote1toentry:Thecentreofbotheyescorrespondstothepointwherethehalfofthebinocularspacingislocated.Thevirtualimageplaneisthezeroparallaxplane.3.1.4fieldofviewFOVanglesubtendingtheareaofthevirtualimageasobservedfromthecentrebetweenbotheyesNote1toentry:TheFOVisdeterminedby
36、findingthelocationoftheedgepointinthetestpatternwithoutlookingfortheedgeinIEC62629-62-11.However,iftheedgeofthe3Dvirtualimageisunclear,theedgeforfieldofviewmeasurementisassumedtobelessthan50%ofthecenterluminancevaluethatismeasuredatthecenterpositionofthevirtualimageplane.Note2toentry:TheFOVisalsodet
37、erminedbasedontheresolution(e.g.Michelsoncontrast).Sincetheedgesobtainedbythesetwocriteriacouldbedifferent,theluminanceandresolution-basededgescanbeobtained.3.1.5 eyeboxthree-dimensionalspacewithinwhichtheusersplacetheirbotheyesandproperlyseetheFOVNote1toentry:Theeyeboxsizeandfieldofviewarequitediff
38、erentbetweeneyeweardisplays(lessthanafewcentimetresandabout100degrees)andHUDs(head-updisplay)(tensofcentimetresandabout10degreesto20degrees).AdisplacementbyeyerotationiscomparabletoeyeboxsizeforeyeweardisplayswhereasthisismuchsmallerforHUDs.Asaresult,theeffectofselectionofrotationpointofLMDisnoticea
39、bleforeyeweardisplaysbutthatisnegligibleforHUDs.Note2toentry:Theedgeoftheeyeboxisdeterminedbasedontheresolution(Michelsoncontrast)ortheluminance.Sincetheedgesobtainedbythesetwocriteriacouldbedifferent,theluminanceandresolution-basededgescanbeobtained.3.1.6binocularmisalignmentunintendeddifferencesin
40、verticalandhorizontalpositionsobservedbytheleftandrighteyesfora3DvirtualobjectNote1toentry:Itisgenerallyassumedthat3Dvirtualimagesreproducedusingzerobinoculardisparityinformationisdisplayedatthesamelocationwhenobservedwiththeleftandrighteyes,however,thepositiondifferenceof3Dvirtualimagesoccursduetof
41、actorssuchasmanufacturinganddesignerrorsofHUDopticalsystem.3.1.7ghostimageunintendedlowerintensityduplicationofanintendedvirtualimageNote1toentry:ThetermghostimageiscommonlyusedinautomotiveHUDs.Itisextremelyrareformultiplelayersofghostimagestobeobservedinfact.Theghostimagecanbeexpressedassecondaryim
42、age.Themeasurementmethodintroducedinthisdocumentcorrespondstothecasewherethesecondaryimageisobserved.3.1.8designedeyetocombinerdistancedistancebetweenthehalfmirrorandaviewerthatisconsideredatthedesignstageofathree-dimensionaldisplayproducingthree-dimensionalvirtualimagessuchasthree-dimensionalHUD3.2
43、 AbbreviatedtermsHUDhead-updisplayIPDinterpupillarydistanceLMDlightmeasuringdevice4 Lightmeasuringdevice(LMD)Aspectroradiometer-typespotLMDisappliedtomeasurethewavelengthandintensityofthelight.Thewavelengthrangeshallbeatleast380nmto780nmandthewavelengthaccuracyshallbe0,3nmorsmaller.Thespectralbandwi
44、dthshallnotbelargerthan10nmforbroadspectrumwithnosharppeaksand5nmforsharpspectralpeaks.Theeffectoftheniform-illuminated-flat-backgroundwhichaffectsvirtualimagequalitycanbemeasuredusingaspectroradiometer-typespotLMD.Themeasurementofgeometricinformationisrequiredforquantifyingthelevelsofthebinocularmi
45、salignmentandtheghostimageinthisdocument.Thegeometricpropertyofthe3DvirtualimagecanbeestimatedusingoneimagingLMDwithmovement.IEC62629-62-11:2022,AnnexC,providesthegeometriccalibrationprocessfortheimagingLMD.ThespecificationitemsofanimagingLMDthatshallbereportedareFOV,angularresolution,fnumber,andthe
46、informationrelatedwithstraylightduetolensitselfsuchasf23,f24,andf251NumbersinsquarebracketsrefertotheBibliography.TheappropriateaperturesizeshallbeasgiveninIEC62629-62-11:2022,4.1.5 Measurementmethodofuniform-illuminated-flat-backgroundeffecton3Dvirtualimage5.1 GeneralThevirtualimagesofnumbers,lette
47、rs,oranyothersymbolsindifferentdepthconditionscanbereproducedbythevirtualimagetype3Ddisplaysuchas3DHUD.The3Dvirtualimagesareexpectedtobeviewedagainstreal-worldenvironmentthatisverydiversefromindoortooutdoor(i.e.mixedilluminationswithdifferentilluminancelevelandcorrelatedcolourtemperature).Thereishow
48、everalimittoimplementsuchdiverseenvironment.Ameasurementmethodisthereforeproposedtoevaluatetheeffectoftheniform-illuminated-flat-backgroundchangeonthevirtualimagequalityinClause5.Thesizeoftheuniform-illumiated-flat-backgrondshallbelargerthantheFOVoftheDUT(forexample3DHUDundertest).Thecontrastandchromaticityareselectedtobemeasuredfor3Dvirtualimagesoverlappingwiththeuniform-illuminated-flat-background.Th
