1、ISOInternationalStandardISO15715Secondedition2025-06Bindersforpaintsandvarnishes一DeterminationofturbidityLiantspourpeinturesetvernisDeterminationdeIaturbiditeReferencenumberISO15715:2025(en)COPYRIGHTPROTECTEDDOCUMENTISO2025Allrightsreserved.Unlessotherwisespecified,orrequiredinthecontextofitsimpleme
2、ntation,nopartofthispublicationmaybereproducedorutilizedotherwiseinanyformorbyanymeans,electronicormechanical,includingphotocopying,orpostingontheinternetoranintranet,withoutpriorwrittenpermission.PermissioncanberequestedfromeitherISOattheaddressbeloworISO,smemberbodyinthecountryoftherequester.ISOco
3、pyrightofficeCP401Ch.deBlandonnet8CH-1214Vernier,GenevaPhone:+41227490111Email:copyrightiso.orgWebsite:www.iso.orgPublishedinSwitzerlandContentsPageForewordivIntroductionv2 Normativereferences13 Termsanddefinitions14 Principle14.1 Principleofthemethod14.2 2GeneralprinciplesOftUrbiditymeaSUrement15 A
4、pparatus25.1 Turbidimeter26 Calibration37 Procedure38 Expressionofresults49 Precision410 Testreport4Annex A (normative)Preparationofformazinstandards5Annex B (informative)Useofadditionalmeasurementangles6Bibliography7ForewordISO(theInternationalOrganizationforStandardization)isaworldwidefederationof
5、nationalstandardsbodies(ISOmemberbodies).TheworkofpreparingInternationalStandardsisnormallycarriedoutthroughISOtechnicalcommittees.Eachmemberbodyinterestedinasubjectforwhichatechnicalcommitteehasbeenestablishedhastherighttoberepresentedonthatcommittee.Internationalorganizations,governmentalandnon-go
6、vernmental,inliaisonwithISO,alsotakepartinthework.ISOcollaboratescloselywiththeInternationalElectrotechnicalCommission(IEC)onallmattersofelectrotechnicalstandardization.TheproceduresusedtodevelopthisdocumentandthoseintendedforitsfurthermaintenancearedescribedintheISO/IECDirectives,Part1.Inparticular
7、thedifferentapprovalcriterianeededforthedifferenttypesofISOdocumentshouldbenoted.ThisdocumentwasdraftedinaccordancewiththeeditorialrulesoftheISO/IECDirectives,Part2(seeWWW.iso.org/directives).ISOdrawsattentiontothepossibilitythattheimplementationofthisdocumentmayinvolvetheuseof（八）patent(三).ISOtakes
8、nopositionconcerningtheevidence,validityorapplicabilityofanyclaimedpatentrightsinrespectthereof.Asofthedateofpublicationofthisdocument,ISOhadnotreceivednoticeof（八）patent(三)whichmayberequiredtoimplementthisdocument.HoweverlImplementersarecautionedthatthismaynotrepresentthelatestinformation,whichmaybe
9、obtainedfromthepatentdatabaseavailableatWWW.iso.org/patents.ISOshallnotbeheldresponsibleforidentifyinganyorallsuchpatentrights.Anytradenameusedinthisdocumentisinformationgivenfortheconvenienceofusersanddoesnotconstituteanendorsement.Foranexplanationofthevoluntarynatureofstandards,themeaningofISOspec
10、ifictermsandexpressionsrelatedtoconformityassessment,aswellasinformationaboutISOsadherencetotheWorldTradeOrganization(WTO)principlesintheTechnicalBarrierstoTrade(TBT),seeWWW.iso.org/iso/foreword.htmLThisdocumentwaspreparedbyTechnicalCommitteeISO/TC35,Paintsandvarnishes,incollaborationwiththeEuropean
11、CommitteeforStandardization(CEN)TechnicalCommitteeCEN/TC139,Paintsandvarnishes,inaccordancewiththeAgreementontechnicalcooperationbetweenISOandCEN(ViennaAgreement).Thissecondeditioncancelsandreplacesthefirstedition(ISO15715:2003),whichhasbeentechnicallyrevised.Themainchangesareasfollows: CIaUSe2hasbe
12、enadded; theprinciple(new4.1)hasbeenamendedbyadescriptionofinfluenceswhichcanaffectturbiditymeasurements; formazinturbidityunits(FTU)hasbeenchangedtoformazinnephelometricunits(FNU),tobeinlinewithISO7027-1:2016; theopticalpathlengthofthetubehasbeenchangedin5.2; inClause6tareferencetocommerciallyavail
13、ablecalibrationstandardshasbeenaddedaswellasareferencetoroomtemperatureforstoringthecalibrationstandards; areferencetoISO7027-1hasbeenaddedforprecision; theexpressionofresultsinClaUSn8hasbeenreducedtothreeclasses,i.e.theformerclasses10FNUtolessthan100FNUandgreaterorequalto100FNUhavebeencombinedtoone
14、class,toreporttheresulttothenearest1FNU; thenormativereferenceshavebeenupdated.Anyfeedbackorquestionsonthisdocumentshouldbedirectedtotheusersnationalstandardsbody.AcompletelistingofthesebodiescanbefoundatWWW.iso.org/members.htmLIntroductionThemeasurementoftheturbidityofliquidscanbecarriedoutvisually
15、orusinganinstrument,butvisualmethodscanbesubjective.Thismethodinstrumentallymeasuresthescatteringoflightbytheinsolublematterinaliquidandthereforegivesanobjectivedeterminationofturbidity.Turbidityinliquidsiscausedbythepresenceofundissolvedmatter(i.e.non-settlingflocculation,gelsorothersuspendedmatter
16、suchasparticlesordroplets).Inthecaseoffinelydispersedundissolvedmatter,theturbiditycanbedeterminedbymeasuringtheintensityofthelightwhichisscatteredbytheparticleswhenabeamoflightispassedthroughtheliquid.BindersforpaintsandvarnishesDeterminationofturbidity1ScopeThisdocumentspecifiesaninstrumentalmetho
17、dfordeterminingtheturbidityofclearliquids.Itisapplicabletoresinsandresinsolutions,solvents,clearcoatingmaterials,monomersandanyotherliquidswhereclarityisspecified.2 NormativereferencesThefollowingdocumentsarereferredtointhetextinsuchawaythatsomeoralloftheircontentconstitutesrequirementsofthisdocumen
18、t.Fordatedreferences,onlytheeditioncitedapplies.Forundatedreferences,thelatesteditionofthereferenceddocument(includinganyamendments)applies.ISO4618,PaintsandvarnishesVocabulary3 TermsanddefinitionsForthepurposesofthisdocument,thetermsanddefinitionsgiveninISO4618andthefollowingapply.ISOandIECmaintain
19、terminologydatabasesforuseinstandardizationatthefollowingaddresses: ISOOnlinebrowsingplatform:availableathttps:WWW.iso.org/obp IECElectropedia:availableathttps:WWW.electropedia.org/3.1turbidityreductioninthetransparencyofaliquidcausedbythepresenceofundissolvedmatter4Principle4.1 Principleofthemethod
20、Aliquidsampleisplacedinanopticalcellorglasstubeandtheturbiditymeasuredonaratio-recordingturbidimeter.Theinstrumentiscalibratedinformazinnephelometricunits(FNU).TheturbidityofthesamplecanthusbereaddirectlyinFNU.Thereadingsarethereforeinsensitivetocolour.Measurementsofturbiditycanbeaffectedbythepresen
21、ceofdissolvedlight-absorbingsubstances(substancesimpartingcolour).Sucheffectscanbeminimized,however,byperformingmeasurementsatwavelengthsgreaterthan800nm.Onlycarbonblackandabluecolour,whichcanbefoundincertainpollutedwaters,slightlyaffectsmeasurementsofturbidityinthisregionofthespectrum.Airbubblescan
22、alsointerferewithmeasurements,butsuchinterferencecanbeminimizedbycarefulhandlingofthesamples.Investigationsshouldbeconductedtoverifywhetherandtowhatextentparticularproblemsrequirethespecificationofadditionalmarginalconditions.4.2 GeneralprinciplesofturbiditymeasurementAliquidsamplecolouredbydissolve
23、dsubstancesisahomogeneoussystemthatonlyattenuatesradiationpassingthroughthesample.Asamplecontainingundissolvedsubstancesnotonlyattenuatestheincidentradiationbut,inaddition,theinsolubleparticlesdiffusetheradiation,unequally,inalldirections(seeFigUre1)Bydeterminingtheratiobetweenthelightlevelsat0and90
24、ameasureofthedegreeofscatteringisobtained.Afactor,F,relatesthisratiotoformazinconcentrationunits.Thedegreeofscatteringmeasureddependsonthemeasurementangle,theparticlesize,theconcentrationoftheparticles,thewavelengthofthelightsourceandthecomplexrefractiveindexoftheparticlesrelativetotheliquid.NOTEIn
25、strument-to-instrumentcomparisonsareonlypossibleiftheapparatusisusedaccordingtothisdocumentandifthesameprinciplesofmeasurementareapplied.,90Key90lightlevelat90o0lightlevelat0oFigure 1 Principleofmeasurement5Apparatus5.1 TurbidimeterAnyinstrumentmaybeusedprovidedthatitcomplieswiththefollowingrequirem
26、ents:a) thewavelengthoftheincidentlightshallbe(86030nm;b) thespectralbandwidthoftheincidentlightshallbelessthanorequalto60nm;c) theincidentlightbeamshallnotbedivergent,andanyconvergenceshallnotexceed1,5;d) themeasuringangle,betweentheaxisoftheincidentbeamandthatatwhichthescatteredradiationismeasured
27、shallbe(902,5)(seeFigUre2andAnnexB):e) theanglesubtendedbytheapertureinthetestsampleshallbebetween20oand30o.Key1lightsourcemeasuringangleapertureangleoapertureangleoftheradiantefficiencyarrivingatthereceiverFigure 2 Visualizationofthemeasuringangle5.2MeasurementcellsTheturbidityofthesampleshallbemea
28、suredwiththetestsampleeitherinopticalcellsmeetingthespecificationsoftheinstrumentmanufacturerorindisposableglasstubes.Ifdisposableglasstubesareused,thefollowingadditionalrequirementsapply: thetubeshallbecylindrical; theopticalpathlengthofthetubeshallbebetween11,0mmand25,4mm; theinstrumentshallhavepr
29、ovisionsforcentringthetubeinthecellcompartment.6 CalibrationSetupandcalibratetheinstrumentinaccordancewiththeinstrumentmanufacturersinstructions,payingattentiontoanyrequirementsfromthemanufacturerthatapplytotheinstallationlocationandinstrumentuse.PreparetheformazinstandardsinaccordancewithAnneXAorus
30、especificstabilizedformazinsuspensionssuppliedbytheinstrumentsmanufacturer.Thesecommerciallyavailablesuspensionsarestableforuptooneyearifstoredunderroomtemperatureandinthedark.Repeatthecalibrationatfrequentintervals.NOTEAturbiditycorrespondingto0FNUcannotbemeasuredbecauseofscatteringofradiationbythe
31、moleculesthemselves.7 ProcedureCarefullyfillaclean,dryopticalcellorglasstubeinaccordancewiththeinstrumentmanufacturersspecification.Pourthesampledownthesideofthecellortubetominimizebubbleformation.Ifbubblesareobserved,allowthemtodissipatebeforemakingthemeasurement.Bubbleswillproduceerroneouslyhighre
32、sults.Inmostcases,bubblescanberemovedrapidlybyusinganultrasonicbath,centrifuging,warmingorplacingthemunderaslightvacuum.Verifythatanysuchtreatmentofthetestsampledoesnotalteritsturbidity.Ifnecessary,capthecellortubetightly.Wipeoffanydirtordrips,withtheaidofasuitablesolvent,fromtheoutsideofthecellortu
33、bebeforemakingthemeasurement.Conditionthetestsampletoroomtemperature.Placethecellortubeintheinstrument,startthemeasurementandrecordthereading.8 ExpressionofresultsReporttheresultinformazinnephelometricunits(FNUs),asfollows:a) iftheturbidityislessthan1FNU1tothenearest0,01FNU;b) iftheturbidityisgreate
34、rthanorequalto1FNUbutlessthan10FNU,tothenearestO1IFNU;c) iftheturbidityisgreaterthanorequalto10FNU,tothenearest1FNU.9 PrecisionResultsofaninterlaboratorycollaborativetrialtoevaluatethesuitabilityofasyntheticpolymerforuseasasecondarystandardtoformazininturbiditymeasurementscanbefoundinISO7027-1:2016,
35、AnnexA.10 TestreportThetestreportshallcontainatleastthefollowinginformation:a) alldetailsnecessarytoidentifytheproducttested;b) areferencetothisdocument,i.e.ISO15715:2025;c) theresultofthetest,asindicatedinClaUSn8:d) detailsofanydeviationfromthetestmethodspecified,aswellasdetailsofanycircumstanceswh
36、ichcanhaveinfluencedtheresult;e) detailsofanyitemsagreedbetweentheinterestedparties;f) anyunusualfeatures(anomalies)observedduringthetest;g) thedateofthetest.AnnexA(normative)PreparationofformazinstandardsA.lPurificationofwaterSoakamembranefilterofporesize0,1m(ofthetypeusedforbacteriologicalstudies)
37、for1hin100mlofdistilledwater.Filter250mlofdistilledwaterthroughitanddiscardthewater.Thenpass500mlofdistilledwatertwicethroughthemembraneandreservethiswaterforthepreparationofstandardsolutions.A.2Preparationofstocksolutionsofformazin(C2H4N2)Formazinisnotavailablecommerciallyandshallthereforebeprepare
38、dasfollows:Dissolve10,0gofhexamethylenetetramine(CH6Nl2CSRegistryNumber1)100-97-0)inpurifiedwater(seeA.llina100mlgraduatedflaskandmakeuptothemark(solutionA).Dissolvell0gOfhydrazinesulfate(NHO6,CSRegistrynumber10034-93-2)inpurifiedwaterina100mlgraduatedflaskandmakeuptothemark(solutionB).WARNINGHydraz
39、inesulfateispoisonousandcanbecarcinogenic.Mix5mlofsolutionAwith5mlofsolutionBina100mlgraduatedflask.Leavefor24hat(253).Thenmakeuptothemarkwithpurifiedwater.Theturbidityofthisstocksolutioninformazinnephelometricunitsis400FNU.Thesolutionisstableforabout4weeksifstoredinthedarkatatemperatureof(253),A.3P
40、reparationofstandardmatchingsolutionsDilutethestocksolution(seeA.2withpurifiedwaterusingpipettesandgraduatedflaskstoobtainstandardmatchingsolutionsofturbiditiesintherangeofinterest;seeTabIeA.lforexamples.Thesesolutionsareonlystablefor1week.TableA.lExamplesofdilutionofstocksolutionTurbidityFNUVolumeo
41、fstocksolutionin11ofstandardmatchingsolutionml40010001002502050251)CASRegistryNumberisatrademarkoftheAmericanChemicalSociety(ACS).ThisinformationisgivenfortheconvenienceofusersofthisdocumentanddoesnotconstituteanendorsementbyISOoftheproductnamed.Equivalentproductsmaybeusediftheycanbeshowntoleadtothe
42、sameresults.AnnexB(informative)UseofadditionalmeasurementanglesComparisonofresultsobtainedatdifferentmeasurementanglescangiveadditionalinformationonthetypeofturbidity.FigUreB.lillustratesthiseffect:thetwocurvesrepresenttherelativeintensityofscatteredlightfortwodifferentparticlesizes.Thesmallerinnerc
43、urveisforaparticlesizeof0,05m,whilethelargeroutercurveisforparticleshavingadiameterof5m.Theintensityisgivenbythedistancefromthecentretothecurve.Forthesmallparticles,theintensitiesat90oand,inthisexample,25oareclosetoeachother.Forthelargeparticles,the25ovalueismuchhigherthanthe90ovalue.Thisinformation
44、canbeusefulindecidingwhetherexistingturbiditycanberemoved.Iftheturbidityvaluesatdifferentanglesindicatelargeparticles,filtrationcanbesuccessful.Thesecondangleisusuallychosenbetween0oand30o.Key1 curvefor0,05mparticles2 curvefor5mparticles10,102,IO3intensity(dimensionless)FigureB.lResponsecurvesfordifferentparticlesizesBibliography1ISO7027-1:2016,WaterqualityDeterminationOfturbidityParti:QuantitativemethodsISOICS87.060.20Pricebasedon7pagesISO2025Allrightsreservediso.org
