1、EffectivePrimaryELT浙江大学教育学院 褚献华理念理念小学英语有效教学的小学英语有效教学的Ideas of2EffectivePrimaryELTIm going to talk about n n英语教学的几条基本理念SomebasicideasaboutELTinschoolsn n小学生学习英语所需的条件ConditionsforchildrenlearningEnglishPrinciplesofeffectiveprimaryELTn n小学英语有效教学的原则2025/7/10Teacher Competencies 教师的能力教师的能力ATTITUDE态度态度KNO
2、WLEDGE知识知识SKILLS技能技能AWARENESS意识意识triggers and monitors attention to:towards self,students，teaching,and others 对待自己、学生、教学和他人The how of teachingThe what of teaching method方法 technique技巧 activity活动 materials/tools 材料/工具 subject matter学科 students学生 context 环境ViewofLanguageTeaching语言教学观语言教学观2025/7/103PDa
3、ndEffectiveELTTraitsofeffectiveteachers高效教师的特征高效教师的特征Efficacy 效能感效能感Enthusiasm 热热情情Efficiency 高效高效性性Elaboration 精加精加工工Expertise 专业知识技专业知识技能能Empathy 体谅体谅心心Elasticity 灵活灵活性性Expectations 高期高期望望2025/7/104PDandEffectiveELTApprentice teachersJourneyman teachersMaster teachersTheHierarchyofTeachingCompeten
4、cies教学能力的层次教学能力的层次knowwhattoteach教什么knowwhattoteachandhowtoteach怎么教knowwhattoteachandhowtoteach,whytoteachwhomatwhich times,how to assess learningandhow to improve theirownexpertiseandteachingskills善于教学和发展名师名师能手能手新手新手2025/7/105PDandEffectiveELT2025/7/106PDandEffectiveELTMypursuitofteaching我的教学追求我的教学
5、追求教学目标达成度高教学目标达成度高effective教学过程快乐有趣教学过程快乐有趣enjoyable教学资源消耗较少教学资源消耗较少economicalEffective teaching produces maximal effects(learning outcomes)through an enjoyable process with limited resources.有效教学有效教学利用有限的资源利用有限的资源通过快乐的过程通过快乐的过程达到最大的学习结果达到最大的学习结果 TeacherProfessionalDevelopment教师专教师专业发展业发展How can I b
6、ecome the best teacher I can be for my students?A process of continual 专业发展是专业发展是教师智能、经验和态度持续成长的过程教师智能、经验和态度持续成长的过程growth of teachersWhat is meant by PD for teachers?2025/7/107PDandEffectiveELTOn-going Professional Progress持续的专持续的专业进步业进步Learning学习学习 Practice实践实践Reflection反思反思 Professional Progress20
7、25/7/108PDandEffectiveELTExpanding Your Repertoire 扩展专业技能扩展专业技能 KEEP whatever has been working effectively保持行之有保持行之有效的方法效的方法 CHANGE whatever does not work effectively 改进行之无效改进行之无效的方法的方法 TRY whatever may work effectively 尝试从未做过的尝试从未做过的方法方法 KEEP KEEP 保持保持保持保持CHANGECHANGE改变改变改变改变TRYTRY尝试尝试尝试尝试Professio
8、nal Development2025/7/109PDandEffectiveELTKey Constructivist Viewpoints on Language Learning建构主义语言学习的主要观点建构主义语言学习的主要观点10EffectivePrimaryELT2025/7/10 Learners 学生学生 Learning 学习学习 Teacher 教教师师 Teaching 教教学学Child innate to learn孩子天生会学习孩子天生会学习2025/7/1011EffectivePrimaryELTn nEvery child is a passionate l
9、earner.Children have strong and natural desire for knowledge,skills,and the feeling of mastery.n n每个孩子天生都渴望每个孩子天生都渴望学习知识、掌握技能学习知识、掌握技能和获得成就感。和获得成就感。Learning in activities在活动中学在活动中学习习n nLearners acquirelanguageknowledgeanddeveloplanguageskillsbyparticipatingincommunicativeactivities.2025/7/1012Effect
10、ivePrimaryELTn n学生在参与语言学生在参与语言交流活动中获得交流活动中获得语言知识和发展语言知识和发展语言技能语言技能Active Attitude 积极的态度积极的态度 Effective Practice 有效的操练有效的操练 Primary English as Cornerstone Confidence 信心信心Language Skills 语言技能语言技能Further Learning 未来学习未来学习CORNERSTONECORNERSTONEIt is the first step that counts.起步最起步最重要。重要。It is the first
11、 step that costs.万万事开头难。事开头难。2025/7/1013EffectivePrimaryELTWhat makes confidence?信心信心Confidence 信心Achievable Achievable Objectives Objectives 可达到的目标可达到的目标可达到的目标可达到的目标Enjoyable Enjoyable Activities Activities 有趣的活动有趣的活动有趣的活动有趣的活动Noticeable Noticeable Outcomes Outcomes 明显的结果明显的结果明显的结果明显的结果 Sense of Ac
12、hievement 成就感2025/7/1014EffectivePrimaryELTTeacher as facilitator 教师是促进教师是促进者者2025/7/1015EffectivePrimaryELTn nThe teacher plays an important role as The teacher plays an important role as facilitator,who provides support to students facilitator,who provides support to students learning.learning.n n
13、教师发挥重要的促进者作用，教师发挥重要的促进者作用，教师发挥重要的促进者作用，教师发挥重要的促进者作用，为学生提供学习的支持为学生提供学习的支持为学生提供学习的支持为学生提供学习的支持n nThe art The art of teaching is the of teaching is the art of assisting discovery.art of assisting discovery.n n教学就是帮助学生去发现。教学就是帮助学生去发现。教学就是帮助学生去发现。教学就是帮助学生去发现。16nArousechildrensinterestnSimplifythetaskbybr
14、eakingitintosmallerstepsnRemindchildrenofgoalsnKeepchildrenontasknPointoutwhatisimportantnManagefrustration2025/7/10EffectivePrimaryELT激发儿童兴趣激发儿童兴趣简化任务、化整为零简化任务、化整为零提示目标提示目标指出重点指出重点预防、化解挫折预防、化解挫折保持他们参与保持他们参与Teaching as scaffolding 教学是支撑教学是支撑The general process of language learning 语言学习的一般过程语言学习的一般过程
15、Exposure to language 感受语言感受语言Comprehension 理解意思理解意思Imitation 模仿保模仿保持持Active use 活活用语言用语言Language input 语言输入语言输入Language output语言输出语言输出Internalization 内化内化Externalization 外化外化2025/7/10UUnderstandse17EffectivePrimaryELTWhat language skills to develop?LANGUAGE SKILLS语言技能Accurate Accurate Phonetic Skill
16、s Phonetic Skills 准确的语音技能准确的语音技能准确的语音技能准确的语音技能 Correct Correct Speaking Skills Speaking Skills 正确的口语技能正确的口语技能正确的口语技能正确的口语技能Good Reading Good Reading&Writing Skills&Writing Skills 良好的读写技能良好的读写技能良好的读写技能良好的读写技能 LANGUAGE KNOWLEDGE 语言知识2025/7/1018EffectivePrimaryELTTeachers Responsibility 教师的职教师的职责责Effec
17、tivePrimaryELT192025/7/10To enable children tounderstand the languageuse the language2025/7/1020EffectivePrimaryELTProvidingchildrenwith提供学生supportive environment for learning 支持环境explicit modeling and teaching 准确示范feedback and encouragement 反馈鼓励interest in learning学习兴趣engagement in activities参与活动Ma
18、intainingchildrens维持学生的How to do my duty?Many low-achievers 很多学困生很多学困生EffectivePrimaryELT212025/7/10n ncannot understandcannot understand the English inputthe English input 听不懂老师上课听不懂老师上课听不懂老师上课听不懂老师上课n ncannot read the words and texts correctlycannot read the words and texts correctly不会正确朗读词汇和课文不会正
19、确朗读词汇和课文不会正确朗读词汇和课文不会正确朗读词汇和课文n ncannot do their assignment after classcannot do their assignment after class不会做课外作业不会做课外作业不会做课外作业不会做课外作业n ncannot remember/spell the wordscannot remember/spell the words记不牢单词记不牢单词记不牢单词记不牢单词n ncannot use the language for communicationcannot use the language for commun
20、ication不会用于交流不会用于交流不会用于交流不会用于交流My problems are 2025/7/1022EffectivePrimaryELTn nmanage a large class(over 40 manage a large class(over 40 children)children)大班教学管理大班教学管理大班教学管理大班教学管理n nengage all children in learning activitiesengage all children in learning activities吸引全体学生参与吸引全体学生参与吸引全体学生参与吸引全体学生参与n
21、 nteach the contents in the limited timeteach the contents in the limited time时间有限，教学内容多时间有限，教学内容多时间有限，教学内容多时间有限，教学内容多n ngive low-achievers extra supportgive low-achievers extra support为英语学困生提供更多帮助为英语学困生提供更多帮助为英语学困生提供更多帮助为英语学困生提供更多帮助How can I?EffectivePrimaryELT23Interest&Confidence Vanished Interes
22、t&Confidence Vanished 兴趣和信心消兴趣和信心消兴趣和信心消兴趣和信心消失失失失Instructional Goals Unachieved Instructional Goals Unachieved 教学目标达不教学目标达不教学目标达不教学目标达不成成成成 Some children left behind Some children left behind 有些孩子掉队有些孩子掉队有些孩子掉队有些孩子掉队Comprehension理解Exposure感受Imitation模仿Activeuse活用Insufficient practice操练不够操练不够Incompr
23、ehensible input 输入不懂输入不懂Insufficient exposure接触不接触不够够Learner disengagement Learner disengagement 学生没有参与学习学生没有参与学习学生没有参与学习学生没有参与学习2025/7/10Why some children fail?2025/7/1024EffectivePrimaryELTWhat root causes?Conditions for effective learning of English英语有效学习的条件英语有效学习的条件EFFECTIVE TEACHING有效的教学有效的教学Ef
24、fective Teaching as Key有效教学是关有效教学是关键键Confidence 信心信心Language Skills 语言技能语言技能Further Learning 未来学习未来学习CORNERSTONE2025/7/1026EffectivePrimaryELTKey Elements for Effective ELT有效英语教学的要素有效英语教学的要素2025/7/1027EffectivePrimaryELTLearning Learning conditions conditions Learningoutcomes Learning Process 学习过程学习
25、过程Learning objective学习目标学习目标Language skills 语言技能语言技能Language knowledge语言知识语言知识Learning strategies 学习策略学习策略Affective attitude 情感态度情感态度 Culture awareness 文化意识文化意识GOALS 教学目的教学目的提供外部提供外部提供外部提供外部学习条件学习条件学习条件学习条件ELT Process英语教学过程英语教学过程2025/7/10SUCCESSSMILE内部条件内部条件Teacher as facilitator28EffectivePrimaryEL
26、TLEARNINGCONDITIONS29EffectivePrimaryELTChildren need some conditions to learn English well.学生学好英语需要一些条件：学生学好英语需要一些条件：SMILESUCCESS内部条件内部条件 外部条件外部条件2025/7/10What conditions are needed?Internal learning conditions学习的内部条件学习的内部条件n n chemata(prior learning)原有知识原有知识n n otivation to learn 学习动机学习动机 n n ntel
27、ligence level(IQ)智力水平智力水平n n earning style 学习方式学习方式n nSelf-fficacy(confidence)自我效能感自我效能感SMILE2025/7/10SMILE 30EffectivePrimaryELTSchemata(Prior Learning)图式（原有知识）图式（原有知识）n nAschemaisaAschemaisamentalstructureofknowledge.mentalstructureofknowledge.图式是头脑中的知识结构。n nWeuseschematatoorganizecurrentknowledge
28、Weuseschematatoorganizecurrentknowledgeandprovideaframeworkforfutureunderstanding.andprovideaframeworkforfutureunderstanding.我们用图式组织现有知识，并为理解新知提供框架。n nAnynewlearningisbuiltuponthepriorlearning.Anynewlearningisbuiltuponthepriorlearning.任何新知识的学习都需要原有知识为基础。2025/7/1031EffectivePrimaryELTMotivation to Le
29、arn 学习动机学习动机n nWhatmakeschildrenwanttolearnEnglish?哪些因素促进学生想学英语？2025/7/1032EffectivePrimaryELTLearningTasks学习任务InterestinLearning学习兴趣Teacherbehavior教师行为LearningSettings学习环境Expectations期望Personality个性Intelligence 智力智力n nIntelligenceisapersonscapacityton nacquireknowledgeacquireknowledge(i.e.learnandu
30、nderstand)(i.e.learnandunderstand)n napplyknowledgeapplyknowledge(solveproblems),and(solveproblems),andn nengageinabstractreasoning.engageinabstractreasoning.智力是获取和应用知识、抽象思维的能力获取和应用知识、抽象思维的能力2025/7/1033EffectivePrimaryELTUnder 70 mentally retarded-2.2%70-80 borderline retarded-6.7%80-90 low average-
31、16.1%90-110 average-50%110-120 high average-16.1%120-130 superior-6.7%Over 130 very superior-2.2%Learning Style 学习方式学习方式 n nLearnerstylesareapproachestolearningandstudying.Childrenhavedifferentwaysoflearning.学习者的学习方式各不相同2025/7/1034EffectivePrimaryELT多元智能MultipleintelligencesSelf-Efficacy 自我效能感自我效能感n
32、 nOnesbeliefinourabilitytosucceedinspecificsituations(learning)对自己在某方面成功的信念2025/7/1035EffectivePrimaryELTYes,Ican!External learning conditions外部条件外部条件SUCCESS36equential transfer 有序的迁移有序的迁移tress-free environment 轻松的环境轻松的环境nderstandable input 可理解输入可理解输入SUCCESSorrelated review 相关的复习相关的复习orrect demonstr
33、ation正确的示范正确的示范ngaging activities 参与型活动参与型活动ufficient practice 充分的练习充分的练习2025/7/10SUCCESS36EffectivePrimaryELTEffectivePrimaryELTPrinciplesofELT英语教学原则Learner as centre 学生为中心学生为中心Interest as usher 兴趣为引导兴趣为引导 Skills as goals技能为目标技能为目标Sentence as basis 句子为基础句子为基础Speech before writing 口语先于书写口语先于书写Accura
34、cy before fluency 准确先于流利准确先于流利Mastery before test 学会先于考试学会先于考试Learning in communication 交际中学习交际中学习Autonomous learning自主学习自主学习Reflective teaching 反思性教学反思性教学2025/7/103738EffectivePrimaryELTPriorities for Beginners初学阶段的教初学阶段的教学重点学重点n nPositive attitude 积极的态度积极的态度nEnjoyment in learning English学英语的乐学英语的乐
35、趣趣nConfidence 信心信心nHabit&methods 习惯与方法习惯与方法2025/7/10n Solid phonetic basis坚实的语音基础坚实的语音基础n Correct sounds and tones正确的语音语调正确的语音语调n Oral expressions 口语表达口语表达n Singing and loud reading 唱歌和朗读唱歌和朗读39EffectivePrimaryELTPriorities for Upper Graders高年级的教学重点高年级的教学重点n nGood oral skills良好的口头交际技能良好的口头交际技能nCorre
36、ct pronunciation&intonation 语音语音语调语调nSentence expression 语句表达语句表达nReading-aloud as a benchmark 衡量朗读衡量朗读能力能力2025/7/10n nReading as a springboard for progress 阅读作为进步的跳板阅读作为进步的跳板nVocabulary building-up 扩大词汇量扩大词汇量nComprehension skills 理解能力理解能力nElementary writing 基础书写基础书写40EffectivePrimaryELTWEARE SURETH
37、AT WE CANLET OUR KIDS ENJOYMORE FUN IN LEARNING ENGLISH BY MAKING OUR ENGLISH LESSONS MOREEFFECTIVESOWHY NOT?2025/7/10PostscriptsThe students are searching for knowledge and understanding of English,and we are searching for the effective ways to help them.There is no end to either adventure,but it is the process that matters,and the insights we have along the way.EffectivePrimaryELT2025/7/1041
