在英语中动词按其在句子中的作用可分为谓语动词和非.ppt
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1、非谓语动词,在英语中,动词按其在句子中的作用,可分为:谓语动词和非谓语动词。 谓语动词就是可以单独直接在句子中做谓语的动词。 非谓语动词就是不能单独在句子中做谓语的动词。,一、什么叫做非谓语动词,非谓语使用条件,一个句子当中,已经存在一个主句(谓语动词),又没有连词的情况下,She got off the bus, but left her handbag on her seat. She got off the bus, leaving her handbag on her seat.,二、非谓语动词的表现形式有:,不定式 (to do) 现在分词 (doing) 过去分词 (done) 动
2、名词 (doing),三、非谓语动词的特征,1、动词特征:,A、时态: 一般式 完成式 to do to have done doing having done,进行式 完成进行式 to be doing to have been doing,I think it wise _ (ask)him for advice. They seem _ (finish) their work. _ (do)his homework, he went out for play. He sent me an e-mail, _ (hope) to get more advice.,to ask,to hav
3、e finished,Having done,hoping,B、语态: 主动语态 被动语态 to do to be done to have done to have been done doing being done having done having been done,He is asked _ (send)to work in the factory. He is said _ (send) to London already. This is the problem _ (discuss) at the meeting now. _ many times, he still co
4、uldnt understand it.,to be sent,to have been sent,being discussed,Having been told,注:非谓语动词的否定结构是:not +非谓语动词,The patient was warned not to eat oil food after the operation. Not knowing what to do, he phoned him again. Tony was unhappy for not having been invited to the party.,四、非谓语动词充当的成分,(一) 不定式与动名词
5、作主语,不定式作主语多表示具体的某次动作,尤其是指将来的动作。,动名词作主语多表示习惯性的、经常性的动作。,_ with fire is dangerous. A. Playing B. To play _ with fire will be dangerous. A. To play B. Playing,A,A,(二) 动名词与不定式作宾语,在一个句子中,用不定式,还是用动名词作宾语,往往是由句子谓语动词的用法来决定的。,非谓语动词作宾语有以下几种情况:,A. 以下动词常接不定式作宾语,wish, ask, promise, pretend, fail, decide, learn, ag
6、ree, manage, demand, plan, refuse, seem, expect, want, hope, arrange, attempt, choose, determine, happen, offer, prepare, appear, afford, intend, desire,B. 以下动词常接动名词作宾语,suggest, finish, enjoy, mind, avoid, miss, practise, excuse, consider, appreciate, imagine, escape, finish, keep, stand,look forwar
7、d to, devoteto, get down to, be/get used to, pay attention to, lead to, stick to, preferto, be busy,1. like、love、hate、prefer等词后接不定式时,表示具体的某次动作,尤其是将来的动作; 接动名词时, 表示习惯、经验、体会。,I prefer being alone. I prefer to stay at home today.,C. 既可接不定式 又可接动名词作宾语的动词,2. remember、forget、regret 等词后接不定式时,表示一未发生的动作;接动名词时,
8、表示一已经发生了的 动作。,I forgot telling him the news. I forgot to tell him the news. I dont remember having ever promised you that.,3. 跟不定式、动名词意义完全不同。,mean doing/to do, stop doing/to do, go on doing/to do, try doing/to do, can not help doing/to do,4. want、need、require、request等此后接不定式用被动式的形式;动名词用主动式的形式。句子的意思没有
9、差别。但句子的主语一般是一表物的名词或代词。,Your watch needs repairing to be repaired. The windows need painting again to be painted again.,5. 固定句型,Its no use/good/useless doing sth. Its kind/wise/clever of sb. to do sth. Its important/hard for sb. to do sth.,If I had remembered _ (close) the window, the thief would not
10、 have got in. 2. She reached the top of the hill and stopped _ (rest) on a big rock by the side of the path . 3. This sentence needs _ (improve).,to close,to rest,improving或to be improved,4. Rather than _ on a crowded bus , he always prefers _ a bicycle . A . ride ; ride B . riding ; ride C . ride ;
11、 to ride D . to ride ; riding 5. They would not allow him _ across the enemy line . A. to risk going B. risking to go C. for risk to go D. risk going,C,A,6. The squirrel was so lucky that it just missed _ . Acatching Bto be caught Cbeing caught Dto catch 7. There are lots of places of interest _ in
12、our city. A. needs repairing B. needing repaired C. needed repairing D. needing to be repaired,C,D,8. I can hardly imagine Peter _ (sail) across the Atlantic Ocean in 15 days.,sailing,(三) 非谓语动词作状语,1. 现在分词(v+ing)作状语表示主动的动作。 2.过去分词(v+ed)有两大特点,一是表被动的动作;二是表已完成的动作。,1. 时间状语:可改为时间状语从句,也可在分词前加上连词“when , whi
13、le , until”等,使其时间意义更明确。(多置于句首,也可置于句末) 2. 原因状语:可改为原因状语从句或并列结构。(多置于句首或句末,也可置于句中) 3. 条件状语:可加连词if , unless 等;也可换成条件状语从句。(多置于句首) 4. 让步状语:有时可加 although , though , even if , even though , whetheror 等连词,可转换成让步状语从句。(多置于句首) 5. 结果状语:可改为结果状语从句。(多置于句末) 6. 方式、伴随状语:可改成并列结构或从句。(多置于句末),A. 现在分词与过去分词作状语,When they hear
14、d the news, they all jumped with joy.,Hearing,When the baby saw its mother, it smiled.,Seeing,As they hoped to get our support, they sent us their statement.,Hoping,The snow lasted a week, so it resulted in a serious traffic confusion in the whole area.,resulting,When hearing,While he worked in the
15、factory, he was an advanced worker.,Working,While working,When seeing,When it is seen from the hill, the park looks very beautiful . Dont speak until you are spoken to. Because he was greatly touched by his teachers words , the boy did a lot of things to help his classmates . If we were given more t
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