中考英语复习宾语从句.ppt
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1、中考英语复习方案 语法部分,第二篇 句法 宾语从句,复习要点 1.宾语从句的主要类型 2.宾语从句中应该注意的一些情况 (1) 引导词(2 )宾语从句的语序 (3) 宾语从句的时态(4 )宾语从句的否定形式 (5 )宾语从句中的特殊情形,The Object Clause 宾语从句 宾语从句是英语中用来充当宾语的句子。带有宾语从句的那个句子叫主句。宾语从句一般由“引导词(连接词)+主语+谓语+其它”构成,其语序是陈述句语序。,宾语从句的主要类型 宾语从句是一种名词性从句,在句中作及物动词的宾语,或介词的宾语,或形容词的宾语。根据引导宾语从句的不同连词,宾语从句可分为三类。 1. 由that引导
2、的宾语从句。that只有语法作用,没有实在的意义,在口语和非正式文体中可以省略。例如: He said (that) he wanted to stay at home. She doesnt know (that) she is seriously ill. I am sure (that) he will succeed. 2. 由连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which和连接副词when, where, why, how引导的宾语从句。这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。例如: Do you know who (whom) they are wait
3、ing for?(宾语) He asked whose handwriting was the best.(定语) Can you tell me where the No.3 bus stop is?(表语) I dont know why the train is late.(状语) 3. 由if或whether引导的宾语从句。If和whether在句中的意思是“是否”。例如: I want to know if (whether) he lives there. He asked me whether (if) I could help him.,难点链接,宾语从句中应该注意的一些情况
4、1.引导词 由陈述句变来的宾语从句,用连词 that 等引导,并且在口语中常常省略此词: e.g. He said ( that )he had a new dictionary . I know ( that ) Lucy can play football very well . 但是,如果 that 引导的是几个表示并列关系的宾语从句时,最后一个 that 不能省略。 e.g. I know ( that ) Tom comes from France and that he teaches in a middle school in Guilin now .,难点链接,由一般疑问句转换
5、而来的宾语从句,用 whether 或 if 引导,并且两词可以互用。但是 whether 可以和 or not 连用,而 if 不能。 e.g. I want to know whether ( if ) she still lives there . Please tell me whether you can come or not . 由特殊疑问句变来的宾语从句,由特殊疑问词 who , whom , whose , which , when , where , why , how 等 引导 。 e.g. I dont know whose book it is . Do you kn
6、ow where our English teacher lives ? The teacher asked what was happening . He wanted to know why you can play the piano so well .,难点链接,2 .宾语从句的语序 1.无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句,宾语从句都是运用陈述句的语序,即是“主语在前,谓语在后”的顺序。 e.g. Could you tell me how I can get to the Science Museum ? He asked him where he came from . Did you k
7、now whats the name of the handsome boy in the classroom yesterday? Please tell me where I can buy the beautiful flower .,难点链接,2.若由一般疑问句或特殊疑问句变为宾语从句,应该用陈述句语序。具体如下:当助动词是 does 或 did 时,要去掉助动词,并把动词恢复为第三人称单数形式或过去式;当是其它的助动词时,则要把这些助动词放在主语的后面。 e.g. I asked Tom , “ What do you like best ? ” I asked Tom what h
8、e liked best . The teacher asked me : “ Have you read the book ? ” The teacher asked me if I had read the book . He asked , “ Who can carry the box ? ” He asked who could carry the box .,难点链接,3. 宾语从句的时态 1.当主句是一般现在时,宾语从句的时态不作限制,我们可以根据句子的意思来使用需要的任何一种时态。如: I dont think (that) you are right. Please tell
9、 us where he is. Can you tell me how I can get to the railway station? 2. 当主句是一般过去时的时候,宾语从句必须运用相应的过去的某一种时态(一般过去时, 过去进行时, 过去将来时,过去完成时) ,从而达到主句和从句的相互一致。例如: He asked what time it was. He told me that he was preparing for the sports meet. He asked if you had written to Peter. He said that he would go ba
10、ck to the U.S. soon. 3. 当宾语从句说明的是客观存在的事实或者是客观存在的真理时,就不用受到主句时态的限制,仍是用一般现在时态。例如: He said that the sun is much bigger than the moon . The teacher told the students that no news is good news . I know that he is an excellent student . The PE teacher said that doing morning exercise is useful to our healt
11、h.,难点链接,4 . 宾语从句的否定形式 一般而言,宾语从句的否定式与一般句子的否定式是一样的。但若主句是I/ We think/ suppose/ guess/ believe等时,从句中的否定习惯上要转移到主句中。如: I dont think its going to rain . I dont believe she will lend you the money . 此外,上述情况在变成反意疑问句时,附加疑问句要看从句,如果主句的主语不是第一人称,则附加疑问句要看主句。 He thinks he is right, doesnt he?,难点链接,5 . 宾语从句中的特殊情形 在把
12、简单句变为复合句的练习中,千万要注意: 1)句式的转变:若原句是祈使句,不能用宾语从句改写,而应该用 “to” 或 “not to ”的句式来连接。 e.g. Dont open the door . (用 they 作主语变为宾语从句) They asked not to open the door . 2)代词的变化:如果将某人的原话变为宾语从句时,我们就应该考虑代词的变化。 e.g. “ I come from Canada ” , Lucy says . Lucy says that she comes from Canada .,难点链接,3)若由一般疑问句或特殊疑问句变为宾语从句,
13、应该用陈述句语序。具体如下:当助动词是 does 或 did 时,要去掉助动词,并把动词恢复为第三人称单数形式或过去式;当是其它的助动词时,则要把这些助动词放在主语的后面。 e.g. I asked Tom , “ What do you like best ? ” I asked Tom what he liked best . The teacher asked me : “ Have you read the book ? ” The teacher asked me if I have read the book . He asked , “ Who can carry the box
14、 ? ” He asked who could carry the box .,难点链接,4)不能用if,只能用whether的四种情况: a. 在介词后 Im thinking of whether we should go fishing. b. 直接与or not连用时 I dont know whether or not they will come to help us. c. 在动词discuss后面的宾语从句中 We discussed whether we would have a sports meeting next week. d. 宾语从句提前时只能用whether W
15、hether this is true or not, I cant say.,难点链接,5)句型转换: 由连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句可用疑问代词和疑问副词动词不定式替代,进行句型上的转换。 e.g. Ive no idea what were going to do next. Ive no idea what to do next. Could you tell me how I can get to the post office? Could you tell me how to get to the post office?,难点链接,1. Miss Green didnt t
16、ell us _ in 2002. A. where does she live B. Where she lives C. where did she live D. where she lived 【解析】答案:D。该题考查的是宾语从句的语序和时态。宾语从句应用陈述句的语序和时态,所以应选D。 3. I dont know when _. A. will the train leave B. the train will leave C. would the train leave D. the train leave 【解析】答案:B。该题考查的是宾语从句的语序和时态。只有B在语序和时态
17、上符合要求。 4. -We dont know _. -It is said that he was born in Sweden. A. what he is B. if he lives here C. where he comes from D. which country is he from 【解析】答案:C。该题考查的是宾语从句的语序和上下文的意思的连贯性。只有C符合要求。,例题解析,5 Could you tell me ? A Mrs. King where lives B where does Mrs. King live C where Mrs. King lives D
18、Mrs. King lives where 答案 C. 析 宾语从句中的疑问句要用陈述语序。 6 - Can you tell me ? - Sure Shes a nurse A where is your sister B where your sister is C what is your sister D what your sister is 答案 D. 析 who 问的是姓名,如: Who is he? He is Smith 或 He is my father What 问的是职业,如: What is he?/what does he do? He is a teacher.
19、 7 Could you tell me ? A when the train will arrive B when the train arrived C when did the train arrive D when does the train arrives 答案 A. 析 could 用于现在时疑问句表达了口气的委婉,并不是过去时态。且宾语从句要用陈述语句。,例题解析,8 - Could you tell me ? - Yes, They to the library A where are the twins, have been B where were the twins,
20、have been C where the twins are, have gone D where the twins were, have gone 答案 C. 析 have been to 是去过什么地方,而现在回来了。 have gone to 是到某地去了,人现在不在这里。 9 I dont know to read the word A which B what C whose D how 答案 D. 析 因不定式 to read 中的 read 是及物动词,已有自己的宾语 the word, 所以应用疑问副词 how。 10 I wonder A whose bicycle is
21、 it B it is whose bicycle C is it whose bicycle D whose bicycle it is 答案 D. 析 wonder 后的宾语从句应用陈述语序。 ,例题解析,从下列A、B、C、D中选择一个正确选项填空。 1. I dont know _ he will come tomorrow. _ he comes, Ill tell you A. if; Whether B. whether; Whether C. if; That D. if; If 2. I dont know _ the day after tomorrow. A. when d
22、oes he come B. how will he come C. if he comes D. whether hell come 3. Could you tell me _ the nearest hospital is? A. what B. how C. whether D. where 4. Could you tell me _ the radio without any help? A. how did he mend B. what did he mend C. how he mended D. what he mended 5. I want to know _. A.
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