文学的象徵主义SymbolisminLiterature.ppt
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1、文學的 象徵主義 Symbolism in Literature,董 崇 選 中山醫大應用外語系教授 懂更懂學習英文網站負責人 網址:dgdel.nchu.edu.tw,I. 何謂 Symbol?,An object, animate or inanimate, that represents something else. 代表他物者 Scales (天秤) symbolizes justice (公正). A dove (鴿子) stands for peace (和平). The clenched fist (握拳): aggression (侵略) Words, spoken or w
2、ritten, are all symbols. A symbol can be public or private, universal or local. A rose (玫瑰) as a beauty (美人) is public and universal. Stars (星星) as reason is private and local. (Blake),I. 何謂 Symbol?,A symbol involves comparison like simile or metaphor. The lily (百合花) vs. purity (清純): white & clean A
3、 symbol is not so definite in meaning as an allegory. Christian (基督徒) passes through the Slough of Despond (沮喪之沼澤) and Vanity Fair (虛榮市集) and arrives at the Celestial City (天國之城). -Allegory in Bunyans Pilgrims Progress. Gregor finds himself turned into a big cockroach (蟑螂). -Symbol in Kafkas Metamor
4、phosis.,II. Symbolism as a Movement:,Primarily in literature (esp., poetry), also in other arts. (見畫) Beginning in France in the latter part of the 19th C. A movement against Realism and Naturalism. 反寫實 Morass manifesto: “le Symbolisme” To clothe the idea in perceptible form. 以 可覺知的形式 衣著觀念。,“The Dea
5、th of the Gravedigger” by Schwabe,Khnopffs “The Caress”,II. Symbolism as a Movement:,Influenced by Swedenborgs theory of correspondences (對應論) and Schopenhauers pessimistic aesthetics (悲觀美學). There are correspondences between the natural ( physical), the spiritual, and the divine worlds. We are ever
6、 living with sufferings under the Will-to-life, and Art serves as a contemplative refuge (思想的庇護) from the world of Will.,III. Key Ideas of Symbolism:,Using concrete images (具象) as symbols (象徵) to express an emotion or an abstract idea, to represent an ideal world, or to suggest another plane of real
7、ity (實体面). The poet is a kind of seer (先知) or voyant (先覺) who could see through and beyond the real world to the world of ideal forms and essences. Using the method of suggestion (提示) to evoke (喚起) hidden meanings.,III. Key Ideas of Symbolism:,The world of essences is a world of synesthesia (fusion
8、of sensations, 共感). To achieve pure poetry (純粹詩) through word relationships: musical quality (言樂性), image clusters (意象群), logical and psychological associations (聯想). The best form is free verse (vers libres 自由詩), or “prose poem” (散文詩).,IV. 一些名言:,“The sun itself is the dark simulacrum (影像), and ligh
9、t is the shadow of God.” -Sir Thomas Brown “Symbolism is the art of evoking an object little by little so as to reveal a mood (心境)” or, conversely, “the art of choosing an object and extracting from it an tat dme. (心境).” -Mallarm,IV. 一些名言:,“The only way of expressing emotion in the form of art is by
10、 finding an objective correlative (相關客体); in other words, a set of objects, a situation, a chain of events which shall be the formula of that particular emotion; such that when the external facts, which must terminate in sensory experience, are given, the emotion is immediately evoked.” -T. S. Eliot
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