ASA-S1.18-1999-R2004.pdf
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1、ANSI S1.18-1999 Reaffirmed by ANSI March 25,2004 American National Standard Template Method for Ground Impedance Secretariat Acoustical Society of America Approved 7 July 1999 American National Standards Institute, Inc. Abstract This American National Standard describes procedures for obtaining the
2、real and imaginary parts of the specific acoustic impedance of natural ground surfaces outdoors. The Standard uses templates to compare measured sound pressure level differences with a specific set of calculated level differences. The impedance values are obtained from a model based on best fit of m
3、easured and calculated level differences. The Standard may also be used to obtain the impedance of porous sound absorbing material. Copyright Acoustical Society of America Provided by IHS under license with ASA Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 04/18/2007 05:29:07
4、MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDS ON ACOUSTICS The Acoustical Society of America (ASA) provides the Secretariat for Accredited Standards Committees S1 on Acoustics, S2 on Mechanical Vibration and Shock, S3 on Bioacoustics, and S12 o
5、n Noise. These committees have wide represen- tation from the technical community (manufacturers, consumers, and general- interest representatives). The standards are published by the Acoustical Society of America through the American Institute of Physics as American National Stan- dards after appro
6、val by their respective standards committees and the American National Standards Institute. These standards are developed and published as a public service to provide standards useful to the public, industry, and consumers, and to Federal, State, and local governments. Each of the Accredited Standar
7、ds Committees (operating in accordance with pro- cedures approved by ANSI) is responsible for developing, voting upon, and main- taining or revising its own standards. The ASA Standards Secretariat administers committee organization and activity, and provides liaison between the Accredited Standards
8、 Committees and ANSI. After the Standards have been produced and adopted by the Accredited Standards Committees, and approved as American National Standards by ANSI, the ASA Standards Secretariat arranges for their publication and distribution. An American National Standard implies a consensus of th
9、ose substantially con- cerned with its scope and provisions. Consensus is established when, in the judgment of the ANSI Board of Standards Review, substantial agreement has been reached by directly and materially affected interests. Substantial agreement means much more than a simple majority, but n
10、ot necessarily unanimity. Consen- sus requires that all views and objections be considered and that a concerted effort be made toward their resolution. The use of American National Standards is completely voluntary. Their existence does not in any respect preclude anyone, whether he or she has appro
11、ved the standards or not, from manufacturing, marketing, purchasing, or using products, processes, or procedures not conforming to the standards. NOTICE: This American National Standard may be revised or withdrawn at any time. The procedures of the American National Standards Institute require that
12、action be taken periodically to reaffirm, revise, or withdraw this Standard. Standards Secretariat Acoustical Society of America 120 Wall Street, 32nd Floor New York, New York 10005-3993 USA Telephone: +I 212 248 0373 Telefax: +1 212 248 0146 E-mail: asastds Qaip.org Internet: http:/asa.aip.org O999
13、 by the Acoustical Society of America. This Standard may not be reproduced in whole or in pari in any form for sale, promotion, or any cornmerciai purpose, or any purpose not falling within the provisions of the Copyright Act of 1976, without prior written permission of the publisher. For permission
14、, address a written request to the Standards Secretariat of the Acoustical Society of America. Copyright Acoustical Society of America Provided by IHS under license with ASA Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 04/18/2007 05:29:07 MDTNo reproduction or networking perm
15、itted without license from IHS -,-,- Contents Page Foreword . 111 Introduction 1 O Scope . 1 1 2 Purpose 1 3 Application 4 References to other standards . 2 6 Tutorial 2 6.1 General . 2 6.2 Geometrical divergence . 2 6.3 Air absorption 2 6.4 Effects of the environment . 3 7 Measurement method . 3 7.
16、1 Recommended geometries 3 7.2 Measurement procedure 3 of the ground impedance 7.3.1 One-parameter model . 4 7.3.2 Two-parameter model . 4 7.3.3 User-defined model . 5 7.4 Procedure to determine best fit 5 8 Instruments for measuring ground impedance outdoors . 5 8.1 Sound source 5 8.2 Microphone 5
17、8.3 Calibration . 6 8.4 Sound level meter/analyzer 6 8.5 Miscellaneous 6 8.6 Configuration of measuring system . 6 8.7 Wind speed 6 9 Measurement 6 9.1 Area of ground . 6 9.2 Data collection . 6 9.2.1 Initial and final calibration . 6 9.2.2 Meteorological . 6 9.2.3 Signal to noise . 6 10 Data reduct
18、ion . 6 10.1 Corrections 6 10.1.1 Correction for frequency response of measurement system . 6 . . 1 5 Definitions . 2 7.3 Determination of real and imaginary parts 4 10.1.2 Correction for excessive background sound . 7 10.2 Experimental error 7 11 Reporting 7 11.1 Introductory information . 7 11.2 D
19、ocumentation of the instrumentation . 7 11.3 Meteorological data . 8 11.4 Impedance data 8 I Copyright Acoustical Society of America Provided by IHS under license with ASA Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 04/18/2007 05:29:07 MDTNo reproduction or networking permit
20、ted without license from IHS -,-,- Page 1 1.5 8 12 References 8 Other observations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . Templates 1A 1B 1C 2A 28 2C Pre-calculated level differences (dB) for Geometry A using the one-parameter model . . . . . . . . . . . .
21、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pre-calculated level differences (dB) for Geometry B using the one-parameter model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pre-calculated level differences (dB) for Geometry C using the one-parameter model . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . .
22、. . . . . . . . . . . Pre-calculated level differences (dB) for Geometry A using the two-parameter model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . , . . . . Pre-calculated level differences (dB) for Geometry B using the two-parameter model . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
23、. , . . Pre-calculated level differences (dB) for Geometry C using the two-parameter model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . 9 10 11 12 15 18 Annexes A A.l B B.l 6.2 8.2.1 8.2.2 B.2.3 Institutional grass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
24、. . . . . . . . Sample results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . User-defined templates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Calculated level differences. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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