ISO-7829-1986.pdf
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1、INTERNATIONAL STANDARD IS0 7829:1986 TECHNICAL CORRIGENDUM 1 Published 2001 -06-01 INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR STANDARDIZATION MM(CIYHAPOflW OPrAHM3Ai44FI i0 C T W M W H H ORGANISATION INTERNATIONALE DE NORMAUSATION Photography - Black-and-white aerial camera films - Determination of IS0 speed an
2、d average gradient TECHNICAL CORRIGENDUM 1 Photographie - Films noir et blanc pour photographie arienne - Dtermination de la sensibilit et du contraste moyen IS0 “A viation“ RECTIFICATIF TECHNIQUE 1 Technical Corrigendum 1 to International Standard IS0 7829:1986 was prepared by Technical Committee I
3、 SO/TC 42, Photography. Page 2, clause 5 In the second footnote to Table 1, replace “2 854 K“ with “2 856 K“. Page 3, subclause 5.5 Delete the last two sentences beginning “A minimum aperture .“ and ending “ the exposures. “ and replace with “Readings shall be made in a uniform area of the image, ty
4、pically at least 1 mm from the edges of the exposures.“ ICs 37.040.20 8 IS0 2001 -All rights reserved Printed in Switzerland Ref. No. IS0 7829:1986/Cor.l:2001(E) Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/997254
5、5001 Not for Resale, 04/23/2007 22:44:20 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- International Standard 7829 INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR STANOARDIZATIONaMEYHAPOAHAR OPrAHH3AUMR fl0 CTAHAAPTM3AUHMaORGANISATiON INTERNATIONALE DE NORMALISATION Photography - Black-an
6、d-white aerial camera films - Determination of IS0 speed and average gradient Photographie - Films noir et blanc pour photographie arienne - Dtermination de la sensibilit et du contraste moyen IS0 (Aviations First edition .- 1986-08-15 UDC n1.m.a : n a . = Ref. No. IS0 7829-1986 (E) Descriptors : ph
7、otography, aerial photography, black-and-white photography, photographic film, roll films, tests, determination, sensitivity (photography). Price based on 9 pages Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/99725
8、45001 Not for Resale, 04/23/2007 22:44:20 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- I 4851703 0057765 T r Foreword IS0 (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (IS0 member bodies). The work of preparin
9、g International Standards is normally carried out through IS0 technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, govern- mental and non-governmental, in li
10、aison with ISO, also take part in the work. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for approval before their acceptance as International Standards by the IS0 Council. They are approved in accordance with IS0 procedures requiring at least
11、 75 % approval by the member bodies voting. International Standard IS0 7829 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 42, Photography. Users should note that all International Standards undergo revision from time to time and that any reference made herein to any other International Standard implies
12、 its latest edition, unless otherwise stated. O International Organization for Standardization, 1986 0 Printed in Switzerland Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/23/2007 22:4
13、4:20 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- 7829-86 1 4 8 5 3 9 0 3 DO57966 1 r INTERNATIONAL STANDARD IS0 7829-1986 (E) Photography - Black-and-white aerial camera films - Determination of IS0 speed and average gradient O Introduction IS0 was requested to develop
14、a method for measuring speed and average gradient of black-and-white negative camera film- process combinations used in aerial photography because of the incompatability of various existing standards; the aim being to create an International Standard that would incorporate the most important feature
15、s of these standards. . Changes in aerial photography over the last IOyears, par- ticularly those related to the increased use of mechanized pro- cessing, has made it necessary to eliminate the processing restrictions present in some of the existing standards in order to provide the user with realis
16、tic IS0 speed and average gradient values. Assigning speed values to aerial films presents problems. Aerial films are required to record or even amplify the small variations in luminance that exist when the earth is viewed from altitudes of several kilometres or as low as 20 to 30 m where the lumina
17、nce range may be of the same order as that of ordinary ground photography. In the first case, the films are developed to a high average gradient or contrast; and in the second case, to a very low average gradient. In addition to the factor of elevation (slant range), the luminance range of the subje
18、ct mat- ter may be further modified by aerial haze, solar altitude, and contrast (ratio of sunlight to skylight). Modifying the process- ing of a given aerial film, or the selection of film emulsions hav- ing certain preferred gradation characteristics, are methods commonly used for obtaining optimu
19、m information. In recognition of these factors, this International Standard does not specify the processing conditions, but provides a method for measuring the speed of various film-process combinations; this means that a description of both the film and process used shall be given when quoting IS0
20、speed values. Therefore, a single film product may have several speed values associated with it depending not only on the extent of development in a particular process, but also on the type of developer, machine, etc., used. The density at which the speed is calculated is 0,30 above base plus fog wh
21、ich is considered a compromise b e tween minimizing the influence of contrast variations on speed and the minimum density to which aerial films are exposed. A method for determining the IS0 aerial average gradient is also described in this International Standard. Since IS0 aerial speed is dependent
22、on the extent of development, it is sug- gested the IS0 average gradient values be provided whenever IS0 speed is given, for example, IS0 A640/G 1.6. It should however, be recognized that other characteristics such as fog, image quality, etc. may also be affected by the extent of development. 1 Scop
23、e and field of application This International Standard specifies the method for determin- ing the IS0 aerial speed and IS0 aerial average gradient of black-and-white negative camera film-process combinations used in aerial photography. Since there is no ideal, “gamma“, “average gradient“, or any oth
24、er characteristics that can be ascribed to an aerial film for all applications, no single contrast or degree of development as a measure of film contrast is specified in this International Stan- dard for determining film speed. Therefore, it is possible for a film to have several speed and average g
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