An Analysis on the Obstacles to Listening Comprehension 英语专业毕业论文.doc
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1、An Analysis on the Obstacles to Listening ComprehensionOutline. Introduction. The obstacles to listening comprehensiona. Pronunciation and intonationb. Vocabularyc. Grammard. Speede. Comprehension of the whole passagef. Background knowledge and way of thinkingg. Psychological factors1. Motivation2.
2、Attitude3. Fake listening4. Over-concentration. Solutions to the problemsa. Having an active psychology and cultivating a good habit of listeningb. Grasping the rules of pronunciation and intonationc. Studying vocabulary comprehensively1. Overall understanding of the words in the pronunciation, form
3、, class, meaning and usage2. Studying vocabulary combined with listening, speaking, reading, writing and translating3. Mastering some necessary knowledge of word-formation4. Concerning Pragmatics5. Distinguishing the differences between synonyms6. Training the ability of predictiond. Enlarging knowl
4、edge and widening the way of thinkinge. Making some simple “memorandum”-shorthand.1. Using numbers2. Using abbreviation3. Using symbols4. Using signs created by yourself. ConclusionAbstractThis paper probes into the factors which influence our listening comprehension, analyzing such elements as pron
5、unciation and intonation, vocabulary, grammar, speed, comprehension of the whole passage, backgroud knowledge and way of thinking, and psychological factor which are thought to be the obstacles preventing listening comprehension from being improved. This paper proposes the effective skills of how to
6、 improve listening comprehension, such as having an active psychology and cultivating a good habit, grasping the rules of pronunciation and intonation, studying vocabulary comprehensively, enlarging the knowledge and widening the way of thinking, and making some simple shorthand. Syntax, semantic, d
7、iscourseKey words: listening comprehension; cognitive psychological activity; Pragmatics摘 要本文探讨了影响听力理解的一些因素,认为语音语调、讲话者的语速、词汇、句子结构(方面)、篇幅及语篇理解、知识面和思维方式、心理因素等是影响听力理解提高的主要障碍,并有针对性地提出了提高听力理解的有效途径,如:树立正确的听音心态,培养良好的听音习惯;掌握基本的语音规则;全面学习词汇;扩大知识面和拓宽思维方式;做简单的速记等。关键词:听力理解; 认知心理活动; 语用学AcknowledgementsI would lik
8、e to express my gratitude to all those who help me during the writing of this thesis. A special acknowledgement should be shown to my tutor, who gives me kind encouragement and useful instructions all through my writing. I am particular indebted to all my college teachers, from whose lectures I bene
9、fit greatly in these four years. Finally I extend my thanks to my classmates who supplies me with the reference materials of great value.I. Introduction The purpose of College English is to cultivate and improve students language communicative ability in comprehensively. The famous linguists Canale
10、and Swain (1980) put forward the “mode of communicative language competence”, which believes that listening, speaking and writing are the communicative media, and listening is a receptive ability, and later a productive, according to Bachman. Listening is a very important means of communication. The
11、 statistics made by the American professor 保尔兰金shows that “listening” occupies 45% in daily life, “speaking” 30%, “reading” 16%, and “writing” only 9%. “Listening is the first step of learning foreign language well. It not only helps learners improve the ability of speaking, reading, and writing, bu
12、t also is good for widening their vision and enlarging their knowledge.” For an English learner, listening ability is one of the most difficultly-mastered abilities. It is a complex cognitive psychological activity, involving various skills. Listeners should make a full use of present knowledge to m
13、emorize, analyze, judge, understand and give back what he has heard. In the process of listening, the received signals are dynamic and phonic, with a characteristic of transience. If not caught in time, the information is missed and lost. Due to low level of listening comprehension, a lot of learner
14、s make little progress in studying English. On my four years English study in college, I summarize some obstacles to listening comprehension, and put forward some suggestions.Obstacles to listening comprehensionIn the study of listening comprehension, I find some main factors which prevent language
15、learners from improving their listening ability.A. Pronunciation and intonationIn senior school, English learners pay more attention to reading and grammar, with the central task of examination. As a result, many freshmen get a little knowledge of pronunciation and intonation, such as assimilation,
16、liaison, plosive, the falling tone, the rising tone and the fall-rise tone. At the same time, having so little exercises, they are not familiar with the listening materials. For example: (1) /izi t n bizi rud/ (Is it on a busy road?) (2) /a: tiz l laifiz t/ (Art is long, life is short.) (3)/ gu(d) b
17、igini meiks guden di/ (A good beginning makes a good ending.) Why cant the listeners catch the words? Thats because they cant use some rules of pronunciation and intonation. Besides, the phonetic teaching of primary and junior schools in our country takes International Phonetic Alphabet or British P
18、honetic. In contrast, the listening materials of college English contain both British and American phonetic. So some students feel strange the speakers pronunciation and intonation. These factors prevent the listerners from improving their listening comprehension.Whats more, incorrect or inaccurate
19、pronunciation and stress of the listeners also influences listening comprehension. Since the students pronunciation is inaccurate, the simple ordinary words are strange for them even are misheard. For example: “She is thirty-two.” They may hear as “She is dirty, too.” Another example:(1)Wrong pronun
20、ciation: True False climber klaim klaimbheight hait heitfasten fa:sn fa:stnwrist rist wistlamb lm lmb(2) Inaccurate stress;desert dest 沙漠(n.) di z:t 丢弃(v.); 功罪(n.)content k ntnt 内容;含量(n.) kntent 满足的(a.);竞争(v.)insult inslt 侮辱(n.) ins lt 侮辱(v.)conduct k ndkt 行为(n.) knd kt 指挥(v.)present preznt 礼物(n.) p
21、riznt 献 (v.)B. The speed of speakersGenerally speaking, the speed of listening materials in text books is not very quick, but many students still think it is too fast. They say: “We often cant catch the first sentence, while the following contents have already passed. For a long time, the situation
22、cant be improved and we are not interested in it and have to give up.”C. The vocabularyIt is well-known that vocabulary is the foundation of language. On one hand, without vocabulary, it is impossible to achieve verbal communication; On the other hand, language study cant go through lacking a certai
23、n mountain of vocabulary. While listening, sometimes only two or three key words may severely prevent them from understanding. Just as a famous British linguist once said, “Without grammar little can be conveyed, without vocabulary nothing can be conveyed.” Generally speaking, vocabulary in the list
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