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1、汽车实用英语复习指导书 木课程的内容是教学大纲规定的主要内容,学生在学习过程中,依据教学大纲规定的 “了解、掌握、重点掌握”三个层次来把握。 了解:要求学员对这部分内容知道。 掌握:要求学员对这部分内容能够理解并能够比较完整地冋答;该部分主要是本课程的基 本内容概念、基本理论和基本方法。 重点掌握:要求学员对这部分内容能够深入理解并熟练把握,同吋能准确地应用。 复习的基本要求 一、全而、认真阅读文字教材,在系统、深刻领会教材的基木理论和方法基础上,把握 住重点内容(重点内容列在后血)。复习过程耍结合录像教材、直播课堂,结合网上资源等进 行。 二、注意运丿 IJ 所学理论和方法对问题进行分析。木
2、课程是一门实践性较强的课程,学 生 应注重运用这门课程中所学的基本原理対汽车的实用电路进行分析。 三、认真复习平时作业,注意总结辅导教师对自己平时作业所给的意见,结合作业讲评 和交流情况加深对课程某木内容的理解和掌握。 题型举例 I.Translate the following phrases and expresses.将以下短语和词句翻译成汉语。 (每题2分,共20分) 1 ? automatic clutches 动离合器 2.dependent suspension 非独立悬架 3.coefficient pf friction 摩擦系数 II. Reading Comprehens
3、ion: 阅读理解 III. Multiple Choice: Circle the letter in the correct answer.选择题:将正确答案前 题号放在所给的括号内。(每题1分,共20分) ( )1. In the suspension system, the springs can be of the coil, leaf, pneumatic and A _ type. IV Match each number item with the most closely related lettered item and write your answers in the
4、space provided.将和左侧相匹配的答案前题号填写在空格处。 3 4 5 6 A.piston B.crankshaft C.battery D.belt E? spark plug F. flywheel G. motor H. air filter I.cam J. valve K. water jacket V Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the form where spark ignition engine necessary.将以下单词填写在空格处,必要时可以变换单词形式。(每题2分,共 20
5、分) appreciable independent effect configuration harshness transient intermediate drag shield bulge 1. Their happiness was to be sadly _ appreciable _? 2. Her help has made an _ effected _ difference ? VI ? Translate the following sentences.将下面句子翻译成汉语。 1.A radial tire has a low self-aligning torque w
6、hen a lateral force is applied, which produces a faster steering reaction and vehicle response from the operator input. 1.当轮胎受到侧向力作用时,其回止力矩较小,这会使转向迅速灵敏,汽车?操纵性增强。 2. To enable them to withstand the heavy loading of opening the valve, the cams are required to be hardened to a good depth during manufac
7、ture? 2.为保证它们能承受开启气门时的巨大载荷,凸轮在制造时必须达到相当的硬度和强度。 第 1课 History of Automobile 本课主要介绍了汽车的发展史。具体要求如下: 一、重点掌握 1 词汇: automobile, vehicle, auto, motor vehicle, MPV, engine, internal combustion engine, fuel, gasoline, petrol, diesel, wheel, crankshaft, piston, cylinder, stroke, four-stroke engine, motorcycle,
8、 carburetor, assembly line, transportation, spark plug, front, rear, body 2 句子: 1) The automobile as we know it was not invented in a single day by a single invento匚 The history of the automobile reflects an evolution that took place worldwide. It is estimated that over 100,000 patents created the m
9、odem automobile. 2) An internal combustion engine is any engine that uses the explosive combustion of fuel to push a piston within a cylinder - the piston fs movement turns a crankshaft that then turns the car wheels via a chain or a drive shaft? 第 2 课 Introduction to Automobile 本课介绍了汽车的基本结构、各个主要部件的
10、工作原理,以及汽车对社会的影响。具体 要求 各章复习范 如下: 一、重点掌握 1. 词汇: Chassis, electrical system, shaft, driven shaft, driven wheel, gear, piston engine, compression, ignition, spark ignition(Sl), compression ignition(Cl),suspension system, braking system, steering system, driving system, transmission, transmit, gearbox, f
11、inal drive, differential, clutch, torque, power, neutral, neutral gear, reverse gear, spring, steering wheel, ABS, battery, hood, trunk deck, charge, wear, pressure, temperature, axle, frame, speed, maintain 3句子: 1) The vehicle can be usually subdivided into several major categories: the body, the e
12、ngine or power source, the chassis and the electrical system. 2) The main components of the transmission system aie the clutch, gearbox, final drive, and differential. 3) Two types of brakes are used in modern cars: drum brakes and disc brakes ? 4) The major parts of electrical system in a car inclu
13、de the battery, the starting system, the charging system, the ignition system, the lighting system, the auxiliary system and some electronic devices used on modern automobiles. 第 3 课 Engine Fundamentals 本课介绍了发动机的基本术语、四冲程发动机的基本结构以及工作原理。具体要求如下: 一、重点掌握 1. 词汇: Cycle, Top Dead Center(TDC), Bottom Dead Ce
14、nter(BDC), filter, air filter, oil filter, fuel filter, pump, water pump, fuel pump, oil pump, oil, injection, nozzle, electronic, electrical, intake, exhaust, valve, compress, lubricate, cooling system, water jacket, coolant, antifreeze, volume, combustion chamber, air- fuel mixture, swept volume,
15、total capacity, multi-cylinder engine, clearance volume, compression ratio, emission control system, fuel tank, oil pan 2. 句子: 1) This term is used to describe the movement of the piston from one extreme position to the other extreme position inside the engine cylinder, e.g. from the highest to the
16、lowest position it can reach, or vice- versa (lowest to highest position). 2) The electronic control unit (ECU) controls the fuel injection nozzles to inject the small quantity of fuel into the intake ports to produce the air-fuel mixture that then flows into the cylinders where it is ignited and bu
17、rns. 3)The engine has many moving metal parts. If metal parts rub against each other, they will wear rapidly. To prevent this, engines have lubricating systems that flood all moving parts with a coating of lubricating oil. 4) The second stroke causes an upward motion of the piston. The space above t
18、he piston is now sealed due to the inlet valve closing and the exhaust valve having already closed. This upward motion of the piston causes the petrol/air mixture to be compressed and the result is an increase in pressure and temperature of the mixture? 第 4 课 Diesel Engine 木课对柴油机进行了介绍,主要包括柴油机的工作原理、柴
19、油机的供油系统。具体要求如 下: 一、重点掌握 1?词汇: Spray, inject, self-ignition, transmit, accelerate, coach, lorry, tank, low-pressure pipe, fuel filter, fuel lift pump, fuel injection pump, high-pressure pipe, fuel injector, fuel leak-off pipe, liter, filler neck, in-line pump, distributor Pump Assembly (DPA), camshaf
20、t 2. 句子: 1) The diesel engines are compression ignition engines?The diesel engine uses the heat of compression to ignite the fuel. 2) One major difference between a diesel engine and a petrol engine is that the diesel engine has a very high compression ratio. 3) Compression ignition engines are effi
21、cient, last longer and are cheaper to maintain than petrol engines but are sometimes expensive, noisier and slower to accelerate. 4) The main components of the fuel supply system for a diesel engine include a fuel storage tank, low- pressure pipes, various fuel filters, fuel lift pump, fuel injectio
22、n pump, high-pressure pipes, fuel injectors and fuel leak-off pipes. The system is therefore a little more complicated than the fuel supply system for a spark-ignition engine? 5) Fuel filters are used to prevent the dust, abrasive particles and water reaching the fuel injection pump and injector, wh
23、ere they would cause a high rate of wear on the precision-machined components and lead to shorter life. 第 6 课 Cylinder Block and Cylinder Head 本课主耍介绍气缸体和气缸盖。具休要求如下: 一、重点掌握 1. 词汇: cylinder block, cylinder head, bearing, cooling passageway, cooling jacket, radiator, manufacturer, assembly, air-cooled
24、engine, liquid-cooled engine, cast iron, aluminum, alloy, liner, in-line engine, valve mechanism, manifold, heater hose, lubricant, gasket, seal, crankcase 2. 句子: 1)The cylinder block is the foundation of the engine all other parts are attached to it. Its most important function is to provide a stro
25、ng, unmovable mounting for engine components such as the crankshaft and cylinders and so on. 2)Various modem casting techniques are used to lighten the cylinder block? It is the heaviest part of the engine, and the more it can be safely lightened, the lighter the car. This means better fuel economy.
26、 3)Two kinds of cylinder liners, dry liner and wet liner, can be installed after the cylinder block is cast. 4)The cylinder heads on many engines also form the upper end of the combustion chambers for each cylinder. The piston head and piston rings form the lower end of the combustion chambers. 5)At
27、tached to the cylinder head are such components as valve mechanisms, spark plugs or injectors, exhaust and inlet manifolds, temperature sensors, heater hose connectors, top radiator hose connector, and a rocker or camshaft cove 匚 第 7 课 Piston, Connecting Rod, Crankshaft 本课介绍了活塞、连杆和曲轴。具体要求如下: 一、重点掌握
28、1. 词汇: Connecting rod, bearing, piston head, piston ring, piston pin, compression ring, oil ring, crankpin, forge, counterweight, flywheel, main journal, camshaft, keyway, Woodruff key, gear, sprocket, pulley, auxiliary, generator, coolant pump, power steering pump, flange, oil-thrower, machine, mai
29、n bearing cap, bolt, bore 2. 句子: 1)The piston must be strong ? But it must be light to reduce inertia loads on the bearings. For this reason, pistons for modern engines are made of aluminum alloy. This is a light metal. 2)The piston rings maintain a sliding seal between the cylinder wall and the pis
30、ton. The piston cannot be fitted tightly enough to form a good seal by itself. There must be some clearance so that the piston can slide without sticking. 3)During manufacture, the rods and caps are individually matched to each othe匚 They usually carry identifying numbers so that they will not be mi
31、xed up if the engine is disassembled. 4)The crankshaft assembly includes the crankshaft, bearings, flywheel, harmonic balancer, timing gear, and front and rear seals. 5)The crankshaft usually drives the camshaft from its front end and is usually machined to accommodate a keyway to retain a Woodruff
32、key (half-moon shaped) and a gear or sprocket is located on this key way which is employed to drive the camshaft. 第 8 课 Valve Mechanism of an Engine 木课介绍了发动机的配气系统。具体要求如下: 一、重点掌握 1. 词汇: valve mechanism, valve train, valve seat, valve guide, cam, camshaft, overhead camshaft, DOHC, push rod, rocker arm
33、, lifter, valve, bushing, valve stem, valve face, valve float, valve bounce, time, timing gear, timing chain 2. 句子: 1)There are two valves for each cylinder. One is the intake valve?The other is the exhaust valve. However, certain high-performanee engines use four valves per cylinde two intake valve
34、s and two exhaust valves. 2)The valve trains are divided into side camshaft type and overhead camshaft (OHC) type, seen in Fig.2, according to the location of the camshaft. 3)In the OHC engine, the camshaft is mounted on or in the cylinder head?In this type there is no necessary to have the long pus
35、h rod. This method of operation is much more efficient because fewer moving parts are involved (no push rod). 4)The intake and exhaust valves operate at different temperature ? The intake valves run much cooler than the exhaust valves. 5)For the valves to open and close in correct relation to the po
36、sition of the crankshaft, the camshaft must be timed to the crankshaft? This means that the two shafts must be assembled so that the cams open the valves at a precise time in relation to the position of the piston and crankshaft ? 第 9 课 Engine Lubrication System 木课介绍了发动机润滑系统。具体要求如下: 一、重点掌握 1?词汇: lub
37、rication system, oil pan, oil pump, main oil gallery, oil filter, oil pressure relief valve, oil cooler, oil sensor, reservoir, gravity, positive displacement pump, gear-type pump, eccentric-rotor-type pump, full- flow filter, by-pass filter, dashboard, lifter 2.句子: 1) The engine has many moving par
38、ts ? These parts must be lubricated adequately in order for the engine to operate correctly. 2) The lubrication system is designed to supply lubricant, the oil, to all the moving parts of the engine to separate their surfaces, reduce fried o n, and act as a coolant and deterge nt. 3) The lubrication
39、 system is composed of several parts ? These include the oil pan, oil pump, main oil galleries, oil filters, oil pressure relief valves (regulator valves), oil cooler, and oil sensors? These parts are needed to make the lubrication system operate correctly. 4) The oil pump operates all the time when
40、 the engine is running. They are normally driven by the camshaft or crankshaft ? A number of different types of pump are in use, the most popular being the gear- type pump and eccentric-rotor-type pump. 5) There are two types of oil filtering system ? One is called full-flow system and one is called
41、 the by- pass system. Full-flow system filters all of the oil before it enters the engine ? 6) By-pass system filters only a part of the oil during operation. Most modern filters fitted to the engines are full-flow type. 第 10课 Engine Cooling System 本课介绍了发动机冷却系统。具体要求如下: 一、重点掌握 1.词汇: cooling system, v
42、arnish, sludge, air-cooling system, liquid(water)-cooling system, fin, convection, radiation, heat transfer, shroud, radiator, water pump, water jacket, fan, thermostat, hose, antifreeze, coolant, hot spot, recirculate, blade, motor 2 甸子: 1) There are two types of engine cooling systems, air-cooling
43、 system and liquid (water)-cooling system? Most automotive engines are water-cooled ? Most engines for airplanes, snowmobiles, motorcycles, power lawn mowers, and similar equipment are air-c ( x) led. 2) Air-cooled engines aie simple and cheap ? Air-cooled engines have fins on the outer surfaces of
44、the cylinders and cylinder heads ? These fins are cast directly into the cylinders and heads (Fig.l). 3) The liquid-cooling system (Fig.2) includes several parts: the water pump, the water jacket, radiator, the fan, the thermostat and hoses? 4) Water jackets are designed to remove heat from the cyli
45、nder block on cylinder head ? 5) The radiator is a heat exchanger that removes heat from the coolant passing through it. 第 11 课 Engine Ignition System 本课介绍了发动机点火系统。具休要求如下: 一、重点掌握 1. 词汇: Voltage, volt, cylinder order, jump across, current, spark plug gap, contact point, contact-breaker point, condens
46、er, electronic ignition system, ignition switch, ignition coil, distributor, capacitor, negative side, positive side, primary winding, low-tension circuit, secondary winding, high-tension circuit, magnetic field, arcing, freezing point, melting point, shorting-out, hexagon, spanner, electrode, insul
47、ation, porcelain, ignition timing, timing advanced, timing retarded, late burning, transistor, semiconductor, high- energy ignition system 2. 句子: 1) The ignition system is designed to produce an electrical high-voltage spark (approximately 20000 ? 50000 volts) at each spark plug within the combustio
48、n chamber at a precise moment of time and in the correct cylinder order. 2) The conventional ignition system (Fig.l) consists of the battery, the ignition switch, the ignition coil, the distributor, the capacitor (condenser), the spark plug and wiring. 3) The ignition circuit can conveniently be div
49、ided into two parts. One part is known as the primary windings (low-tension circuit) and the other part is the secondary windings (high-tension circuit) ? 4) The spark plug must form a good seal inside the cylinder head to avoid leakage of the high gas pressures during combustion and must be capable of operating consistently without the high-tension current shorting- out. 5 ) In the engine, timing advanced and timing retarded also happen. 第 12 课 Engine Starting System 木课介绍了发动机起动系统。具体要求如下: 一、重点掌握 1 ?词汇: Solenoid, cable, pinion gear, mesh with, ring gear, amperage, direct curren
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