1、ENISO29461-4April2025EUROPEANSTANDARDNORMEEUROPEENNEEuropaischenormICS29.160.99EnglishVersionAirintakefiltersystemsforrotarymachinery-Part4:Testmethodsforstaticfiltersystemsincoastalandoffshoreenvironments(ISO29461-4:2025)Systemesdefiltrationdaird,admissionpourmachinestournantes-Partie4:Methodesdess
2、aidessystemesdefiltrationStatiqueenmilieucotieretoffshore(ISO29461-4:2025)AnsaugfiltersystemevonRotationsmaschinen-Priifverfahren-Teil4:PriifverfahrenfiirStatischeFiltersystemeinMeeres-undOffshore-Umgebungen(ISO29461-4:2025)ThisEuropeanStandardwasapprovedbyCENon28March2025.CENmembersareboundtocomply
3、withtheCEN/CENELECInternalRegulationswhichstipulatetheconditionsforgivingthisEuropeanStandardthestatusofanationalstandardwithoutanyalteration.Up-to-datelistsandbibliographicalreferencesconcerningsuchnationalstandardsmaybeobtainedonapplicationtotheCEN-CENELECManagementCentreortoanyCENmember.ThisEurop
4、eanStandardexistsinthreeofficialversions(English,French,German).AversioninanyotherlanguagemadebytranslationundertheresponsibilityofaCENmemberintoitsownlanguageandnotifiedtotheCEN-CENELECManagementCentrehasthesamestatusastheofficialversions.CENmembersarethenationalstandardsbodiesofAustria,Belgium,Bul
5、garia,Croatia,Cyprus,CzechRepublic,Denmark,Estonia,Finland,France,Germany,Greece,Hungary,Iceland,Ireland,Italy,Latvia,Lithuania,Luxembourg,Malta,Netherlands,Norway,Poland,Portugal,RepublicofNorthMacedonia,Romania,Serbia,Slovakia,Slovenia,Spain,Sweden,Switzerland,TiirkiyeandUnitedKingdom.富EUROPEANCOM
6、MITTEEFORSTANDARDIZATIONCOMITEEUROPEENDENORMALISATIONEuropaischeskomiteefurnormungCEN-CENELECManagementCentre:RuedelaScience23,B-1040Brussels2025CENAllrightsofexploitationinanyformandbyanymeansreservedRef.No.ENISO29461-4:2025EworldwideforCENnationalMembers.EuropeanforewordThisdocument(ENISO29461-4:2
7、025)hasbeenpreparedbyTechnicalCommitteeISO/TC142CleaningequipmentforairandothergasesincollaborationwithTechnicalCommitteeCEN/TC195CleaningequipmentforairandothergasesthesecretariatofwhichisheldbyUNLThisEuropeanStandardshallbegiventhestatusofanationalstandard,eitherbypublicationofanidenticaltextorbye
8、ndorsement,atthelatestbyOctober2025,andconflictingnationalstandardsshallbewithdrawnatthelatestbyOctober2025.Attentionisdrawntothepossibilitythatsomeoftheelementsofthisdocumentmaybethesubjectofpatentrights.CENshallnotbeheldresponsibleforidentifyinganyorallsuchpatentrights.Anyfeedbackandquestionsonthi
9、sdocumentshouldbedirectedtotheusersnationalstandardsbody/nationalcommittee.AcompletelistingofthesebodiescanbefoundontheCENwebsite.AccordingtotheCEN-CENELECInternalRegulations,thenationalstandardsorganizationsofthefollowingcountriesareboundtoimplementthisEuropeanStandard:Austria,Belgium,Bulgaria,Croa
10、tia,Cyprus,CzechRepublic,Denmark,Estonia,Finland,France,Germany,Greece,Hungary,Iceland,Ireland,Italy,Latvia,Lithuania,Luxembourg,Malta,Netherlands,Norway,Poland,Portugal,RepublicofNorthMacedonia,Romania,Serbia,Slovakia,Slovenia,Spain,Sweden,Switzerland,TiirkiyeandtheUnitedKingdom.EndorsementnoticeTh
11、etextofISO29461-4:2025hasbeenapprovedbyCENasENISO29461-4:2025withoutanymodification.ContentsPageForewordvIntroductionvi1 Scope12 Normativereferences13 Termsanddefinitions13.1 Airflows23.2 Efficiencies24 Symbolsandabbreviatedterms25 Principle36 Testrigandequipment36.1 Testrig36.2 Testduct46.2.1 Testr
12、iglayout46.2.2 Testairconditioning56.2.3 Measurementoftheairflowrate56.2.4 Measurementofpressuredrop56.2.5 Solidsaltaerosolmixingsection56.2.6 Measurementoftemperatureandrelativehumidity56.3 Measurementequipment56.3.1 Testriginstrumentation56.3.2 Sodiumflamephotometer66.4 Solidsaltaerosolsampling76.
13、4.1 Sampleprobes76.4.2 Samplingairflow.76.5 Solidsaltaerosolgeneration76.5.1 Saltgeneration76.5.2 Aerosolinjection76.6 Waterspraydevice76.7 Watercollectiondevice.77 Qualificationoftestrigandapparatus87.1 Pressuresystemtesting87.2 Solidsaltaerosoluniformity87.2.1 Aerosoluniformityparameters87.2.2 Aer
14、osoluniformityprotocol87.2.3 Aerosoluniformityresults87.2.4 Waterdropletsizedistributions97.2.5 Waterfogsedimentationcheck97.2.6 Scheduleofqualification.98 Testconditions98.1 Testair98.2 Testwater109 Testmethod109.1 Stopcriteria109.2 Adjustmentofthetestairflowrate109.3 Preparatorychecks109.3.1 Opera
15、tionalreadinessofthemeasuringinstruments109.3.2 Zerolevelcheckmeasurementofthesodiumflamephotometer(SFP)109.3.3 Absolutepressure,temperatureandrelativehumidityofthetestair109.3.4 Startingupthesaltgenerator119.3.5 Installationofthetestfilter119.3.6 Flushingthetestfilter119.4 Measurements119.4.1 Measu
16、rementofpressuredrop119.4.2 Measurementofthesaltremovalefficiency119.4.3 Measurementofthewaterremovalefficiency129.4.4 Cumulativesaltloading129.4.5 Cumulativesaltpenetration1310 Testprocedure1310.1 Preparationoftestrig(notestobjectinstalled)1310.2 Cleaningoftestrig1310.3 Primaryweighingofthetestobje
17、ct1310.4 Installationofthetestobject1410.5 Primarywaterdelugechallenge1410.6 Saltloading1410.7 Waterdelugechallenge1410.8 Relativehumiditycycles1510.9 Endoftest1510.10 Secondaryweighingofthetestobject1511 Reportingresults1611.1 General1611.2 Observations1611.3 Reporttemplate18AnnexA(informative)Ultr
18、afinedrysolidsaltgenerator21Bibliography28ForewordISO(theInternationalOrganizationforStandardization)isaworldwidefederationofnationalstandardsbodies(ISOmemberbodies).TheworkofpreparingInternationalStandardsisnormallycarriedoutthroughISOtechnicalcommittees.Eachmemberbodyinterestedinasubjectforwhichat
19、echnicalcommitteehasbeenestablishedhastherighttoberepresentedonthatcommittee.Internationalorganizations,governmentalandnon-governmental,inliaisonwithISO,alsotakepartinthework.ISOcollaboratescloselywiththeInternationalElectrotechnicalCommission(IEC)onallmattersofelectrotechnicalstandardization.Thepro
20、ceduresusedtodevelopthisdocumentandthoseintendedforitsfurthermaintenancearedescribedintheISO/IECDirectives,Part1.Inparticular,thedifferentapprovalcriterianeededforthedifferenttypesofISOdocumentshouldbenoted.ThisdocumentwasdraftedinaccordancewiththeeditorialrulesoftheISO/IECDirectives,Part2(seeWWW.is
21、o.org/directives).ISOdrawsattentiontothepossibilitythattheimplementationofthisdocumentmayinvolvetheuseof（八）patent(三).ISOtakesnopositionconcerningtheevidence,validityorapplicabilityofanyclaimedpatentrightsinrespectthereof.Asofthedateofpublicationofthisdocument,ISOhadnotreceivednoticeof（八）patent(三)whi
22、chmayberequiredtoimplementthisdocument.HoweverlImplementersarecautionedthatthismaynotrepresentthelatestinformation,whichmaybeobtainedfromthepatentdatabaseavailableatWWW.iso.org/patents.ISOshallnotbeheldresponsibleforidentifyinganyorallsuchpatentrights.Anytradenameusedinthisdocumentisinformationgiven
23、fortheconvenienceofusersanddoesnotconstituteanendorsement.Foranexplanationofthevoluntarynatureofstandards,themeaningofISOspecifictermsandexpressionsrelatedtoconformityassessment,aswellasinformationaboutISOsadherencetotheWorldTradeOrganization(WTO)principlesintheTechnicalBarrierstoTrade(TBT),seeWWW.i
24、so.org/iso/foreword.htmLThisdocumentwaspreparedbyTechnicalCommitteeISO/TC142Cleaningequipmentforairandothergases,incollaborationwiththeEuropeanCommitteeforStandardization(CEN)TechnicalCommitteeCEN/TC195,Cleaningequipmentforairandothergases,inaccordancewiththeAgreementontechnicalcooperationbetweenISO
25、andCEN(ViennaAgreement).AlistofallpartsintheISO29461seriescanbefoundontheISOwebsite.Anyfeedbackorquestionsonthisdocumentshouldbedirectedtotheusersnationalstandardsbody.Acompletelistingofthesebodiescanbefoundatwww.iso.orH/members.htmLIntroductionTheuseofgasturbinesintheoilandgasindustryrepresentsoneo
26、fthemostchallengingapplicationsforthisenginetechnology.Themajorconstraintoftheoilandgasindustryistorun24/7atfullloadwithminimumdowntime.Inoilandgasactivity,theinstallationmustberunascloseaspossibleto100%ofthetimewiththehighestlevelofefficiency(currentproductioncomparedtonominalproduction).Anaddition
27、alchallengeforoilandgasapplicationsliesintheabsenceofaback-upturbineonsite,especiallyformechanical-drivegasturbineconfigurations.Thecoastalandoffshoreenvironmentprobablyrepresentstheharshestconditionsforgasturbines.Humidity,rainfallandseasonaldustarethemostobviousvisibleconditionsthatoperatorsfaceon
28、site.Hiddeninthecombustionairlalkalisuchaspotassium,sodiumormagnesium,aswellassulfur,soot,volatilehydrocarbons,oilyvapours,andparticlesallgenerategasturbineissuesincludingcompressorfouling,air-coolingpassagefouling,vaneandbladeerosion,andcompressorcorrosion.Combinedwithsulfurinfuels,thesealkaliincom
29、bustionaircreatehotcorrosion.Finally,heavyrainfallcaninducefilterwashingsthatreleasefilteredparticlesintothecompressor.Allthesephenomenaimpactthegasturbineavailabilityonsite.Theroleofahighlyefficientairfiltrationsystemistomaintaintheenginecleanlinessbypreventingtheintroductionofcontaminantsintothega
30、sturbineairintake.Achievingahighlevelofenginecleanlinesshelpsmaintainengineintegrityandefficiencyandreducestheneedforwaterwasheswhichgenerateavoidabledowntime.Currently,highefficiencyfilterelementsarecharacterizedbyalimitednumberofparameters,namelyfilterefficiencyandmostpenetratingparticlesize(MPPS)
31、Theseparameters,relatedtoasinglefilterelement,aremeasuredinlaboratoryconditionsclosetofavourableinlandconditionswithsyntheticdust.Consequently,theseconditionsarefarfromtherealityobservedonsite,offshoreornearcoast,wherefilterelementsareusuallypartofasystem.Thetestresultsdonotthereforeprovideabasisfo
32、rpredictingeitheroperationalfilterperformanceorservicelife.Theobjectiveofthisdocumentistoconsiderhowtheeffectofwaterspray,humidityandsaltaffectstheperformanceofanairfilter.Thetestedairflowpassingthroughthefilterelementisclosetotheairflowrateoperatedonsiteforthethreedifferentconcepts:low,mediumorhigh
33、velocityfilterelements.Soot,volatilehydrocarbons,oilyvapoursandparticlesalsohaveimpactonfiltercharacterizationandperformance.TheseparatepartsofISO29461coverparticles,whilesoot,volatilehydrocarbonsandoilyvapoursareyettobeaddressed.Currenttestmethodsarenotmatureenoughfortheinclusionofsoot,volatilehydr
34、ocarbonsandoilyvapours.Theageingofafilterelementinstalledoffshoreandnearthecoastisaddressedtoallowthepredictionofoperationalfilterperformanceanditsassociatedservicelife.Itmustbeunderstoodhowfilterelementsperformduringdifferentcyclesrepresentingtypicalsiteconditionssuchasheavyrainfall,lowandhighhumid
35、ity,filterelementunloadedandloaded.Dependingonthegasturbineapplications,theservicelifeofthefilterelementisalsoacriteriontotakeintoconsideration.Inthiscase,therobustness,loadingcapacityandpressuredropcharacteristicsofthefilterelementsbecomekeyparametersfordesignandtesting.Airintakefiltersystemsforrot
36、arymachinery一Part4:Testmethodsforstaticfiltersystemsincoastalandoffshoreenvironments1 ScopeThisdocumentdefinestestmethodsforperformancetestingofindividualfilterelementsandofthecompletefiltrationsystem.Thefilterswillbeloadedwithultra-finesaltparticlesofasizemostlysubmicronduringvariablehumiditytosimu
37、laterealoffshoreandcoastalconditionshencefilterswithaninitialconditionedefficiencylowerthan50%forthe1)Thisprocedureisintendedforfilterelementsandfiltersystemswhichoperateatflowratedupto8000mePMparticles(filterclassT7arelikelytounderperformandwouldnotbesuitedasasinglestagefilter.hperfilterelement.2 N
38、ormativereferencesThefollowingdocumentsarereferredtointhetextinsuchawaythatsomeoralloftheircontentconstitutesrequirementsofthisdocument.Fordatedreferences,onlytheeditioncitedapplies.Forundatedreferences,thelatesteditionofthereferenceddocument(includinganyamendments)applies.ISO2813,Paintsandvarnishes
39、Determinationofglossvalueat20o,60and850ISO5167-1,MeasurementoffluidflowbymeansofpressuredifferentialdevicesinsertedincircularcrosssectionconduitsrunningfullPart1:GeneralprinciplesandrequirementsISO16890-2:2022,AirfiltersforgeneralventilationPart2:MeasurementOffractionalefficiencyandairflowresistanc
40、eISO29461-2:2022,Airintakefiltersystemsforrotarymachinery-Testmethods-Part2:FilterelementendurancetestinfogandmistenvironmentsISO29463-llHighefficiencyfiltersandfiltermediaforremovingparticlesfromairPart1:Classification,performance,testingandmarkingISO29464,CleaningofairandothergasesVocabulary3 Term
41、sanddefinitionsForthepurposesofthisdocument,thetermsanddefinitionsgiveninISO29464andthefollowingapply.ISOandIECmaintainterminologydatabasesforuseinstandardizationatthefollowingaddresses: ISOOnlinebrowsingplatform:availableathttps:/www.iso.org/ObP IECElectropedia:availableathttps:WWW.clectropedia.org
42、/1.1 Airflows1.1.1 airflowratevolumeofairflowingthroughthefilterperunittimeSOURCE:ISO29464:2024,3.1,293.1.2testairflowraterateofairflowusedfortestingNote1toentry:Theflowrateisusuallyexpressedinvolumetricunitsm3h(cfm.Note2toentry:Testflowratemaydifferfromthemanufacturersspecifiedflowthroughtheairclea
43、ner.SOURCE:ISO29464:2024,3.1,323.1.3designairflowrateairflowratespecifiedbythemanufacturerSOURCE:ISO29464:2024,3.1,301.2 Efficiencies1.2.1 saltremovalefficiencymeasureoftheabilityofafiltertoremovesaltfromtheairpassingthroughit1.2.2waterremovalefficiencymeasureoftheabilityofafiltertoremovewaterfromth
44、eairpassingthroughit1.3 testdeviceairfilterordevicetobetested4 SymbolsandabbreviatedtermsCVcoefficientofvariationCWmwaterfogmassconcentration,gm3dsaturatedwetairmoisturecontent,g/kgambientairmoisturecontent,g/kgdPpressuredrop,PaEsajtsaltremovalefficiencyEWwaterremovalefficiencywatermasspenetratedthr
45、oughtestedfilterattheendofthetest,kgWottotalwaterfoggenerationamount,kgNasodiumNaClsodiumchlorideRHrelativehumiditySFPsodiumflamephotometer5 PrincipleThetestmethodisdesignedtochallengetheairintaketestobject(thetestobjectcanbeacompletesystem,asinglefilteroramulti-stagefiltersystem)withsub-micronsalti
46、nordertoensurethatthefibrestructureischallengeddeepwithinthefilterandnotonlyonthesurface.Thisallowssimulationofsaltloading,andthecyclingofrelativehumidityallowssimulationofagingbecausethesaltparticulateswilltransformfromdrytoliquidphase.Infieldoperatingconditions,thefiltersareexposedtobothsub-micron
47、andlargersaltparticlesandwaterdroplets.Themain“failure“modesorweaknessestobedetectedbyusingthistestmethodare:a) bypassofsaltandwaterthroughnotproperlysealedconstruction;EXAMPLEToolittlegluebetweenframepartscausingleakage.b) penetrationofsaltandwaterthroughthefiltermedia;EXAMPLEConstructionissealedwe
48、ll,butthefiltermediahaspoorwaterrepellence,causingleaksthroughmedia.c) adversepressurereactiontoeithermoistureorsaltloading,orboth.6 Testrigandequipment6.1 TestrigThetestrigcanbeconfiguredinmultipledifferentwaysdependingontheobjectbeingtested,thisdocumentdefinestestingindividualfilterelements.NOTEToperformamulti-stagetest,anappropriatetestprocedurei
