1、林语堂的翻译理论与实践林语堂的翻译理论与实践林林语语堂堂Life and WorksnLin Yutang(October 10,1895 March 26,1976)was a Chinese writer and inventor.He was born in a small town in Zhangzhou,Fujian.nHis father was a Christian minister.His has shifted his faith from Christianity to Taoism and Buddhism,and back to Christianity.He ob
2、tained his bachelors degree from St.Johns University in Shanghai,a masters degree in comparative literature from Harvard University,and a doctorate in linguistics from Leipzig University in Germany(德国莱比锡大学德国莱比锡大学).He has been celebrated as a Chinese author of books in English and known for his work
3、as a linguist,philosopher,writer,traveler,and inventor.From 1923 to 1926 he taught English literature at Peking University.Urged by Pearl Buck(赛珍珠赛珍珠),he went to America in 1935 and soon published his first best sellers My Country and My People.Actually,his main countribution is writting,especially
4、writtings in English,not translation.n1940年纽约艾迈拉大学（年纽约艾迈拉大学（Elmira College）校）校长给他颁授荣誉文学博士学位时，称赞他为长给他颁授荣誉文学博士学位时，称赞他为“哲学家、作家、才子、是爱国者，也是世界公哲学家、作家、才子、是爱国者，也是世界公民民”，“by the magic of your pen,you have portrayed the soul of your great people to the people of the English speaking world in a way no person h
5、as ever done before.In doing so,you have spoken to the people of the English speaking world in their own language with an artistry that is at once their envy,admiration and despair.”nLin is best known for his translation of Humor.His promotion of humorous literature won him the title of Master of Hu
6、mor.Translation works英译汉：英译汉：n1.1.国民革命外记国民革命外记 原著者待查原著者待查n2.2.女子与知识女子与知识 罗素夫人原著罗素夫人原著n3.3.易卜生评传及其情书易卜生评传及其情书 布兰地司原著布兰地司原著n4.4.卖花女卖花女(剧本剧本)萧伯纳原著萧伯纳原著n5.5.励志文集励志文集 马尔腾博士原著马尔腾博士原著n6.6.新的文评新的文评 史宾冈、克罗斋、王尔德等史宾冈、克罗斋、王尔德等原著原著汉译英：汉译英：n1.Six Chapters of a Floating Life,by 1.Six Chapters of a Floating Life,by
7、 ShenShen Fu,Rendered into English by Lin Fu,Rendered into English by Lin YutangYutang 浮生六记浮生六记，清朝沈复原著，清朝沈复原著n2.2.ChuangtseChuangtse,英译庄子英译庄子n3.The Importance of Understanding:3.The Importance of Understanding:Translations from the Chinese Translations from the Chinese 中国古文中国古文小品选译小品选译（又称（又称古文小品古文小品
8、晋朝陶潜等）晋朝陶潜等原著原著n4.Nun of 4.Nun of TaishanTaishan and other Translations and other Translations 英译老残游记第二集及其他选译英译老残游记第二集及其他选译n5.The Chinese Theory of Art:5.The Chinese Theory of Art:Translation from the Master of Chinese Translation from the Master of Chinese ArtArt中国画论，译自国画名家中国画论，译自国画名家n6.6.冥寥子游冥寥子游
9、 明朝屠隆原著明朝屠隆原著nHe creates a lot of famous novels in English,including his first successful book My Country and My People(吾国与吾民吾国与吾民),and Moment in Peking(京华烟云京华烟云)for which he was once nominated for the Nobel Prize for Literature.nParts of his works are adapted translations from Chinese classics,for
10、example,his The Wisdom of Laotse(老子的智老子的智慧慧)is translated from Laotses The Book of Tao(道道德经德经).nApart from that,he translated and introduced a great deal of Chinese literature abroad,such as Six Chapters of a Floating Life(浮生六记浮生六记)by Shen Fu(沈复沈复)in the Qing Dynasty,making enormous contributions to
11、 dissimilating Chinese culture.Translation Theory and practice He wrote the essay On Translation and put forward the new criteria of translating“Faithfulness,Coherence,Beauty.”n林语堂在林语堂在论翻译论翻译中提出的翻译观：中提出的翻译观：“faithfulness”,“expressiveness”and“beauty 1.忠实标准：忠实标准：林氏认为林氏认为,忠实的程度大致可以分为四等忠实的程度大致可以分为四等:直译、
12、直译、死译、意译和胡译。死译、意译和胡译。2.通顺标准通顺标准:以句义为先以句义为先,字义为后。与此同时字义为后。与此同时,林氏还提出句林氏还提出句译理论译理论,主张翻译只能以句为主体的主张翻译只能以句为主体的 句译句译,不能以字不能以字为主体的字译。为主体的字译。3.美的标准美的标准:翻译还有美的方面须兼顾。理想的翻译家应当将其翻译还有美的方面须兼顾。理想的翻译家应当将其工作当做一种艺术。以爱艺术之心爱它工作当做一种艺术。以爱艺术之心爱它,以对艺术谨以对艺术谨慎不苟之心对它慎不苟之心对它,使翻译成为美术之一种。使翻译成为美术之一种。n他又从另一角度将这三条说成是译者的三种责他又从另一角度将这
13、三条说成是译者的三种责任任:第一是译者对原著者的责任第一是译者对原著者的责任,第二是译者第二是译者对中国读者的责任对中国读者的责任,第三是译者对艺术的责任。第三是译者对艺术的责任。三样的责任心齐备三样的责任心齐备,然后可以谓具有真正译家然后可以谓具有真正译家的资格。的资格。nIn On Poetry Translation:advocates that in translating poetry，it is acceptable to use rhymes，but generally speaking，it is more advisable not to use rhymes.nIn his
14、 poetry translation，the rhythm inherent in a poem dominates over rhymes.浮生六记浮生六记 中林译与中林译与 Shirley 版本对比版本对比n例一：至乾隆庚子正月二十二日花烛之夕例一：至乾隆庚子正月二十二日花烛之夕(沈复沈复)nOur wedding took place on the twentysecond of the first moon in 1780(Lin Yutangl1)nFive years were to pass before our wedding candles burned,at dusk,o
15、n the twentysecond day of the first month of the year of the rat一一1780(Shirley MBlack)n例二：正值太平盛世，且在衣冠之家(沈复)nThe country was then in the heyday of peace and,moreover was born in a scholars family(Lin Yutang)nMine was a fulldress familyone of scholars and gentle People(Shirley MBlack)Lets appreciate a
16、 poem 诗歌翻译中美的体现诗歌翻译中美的体现声声慢声声慢 寻寻觅觅，寻寻觅觅，冷冷清清，冷冷清清，凄凄惨惨戚戚。凄凄惨惨戚戚。乍暖还寒时候，乍暖还寒时候，最难将息。最难将息。三杯两盏淡酒，三杯两盏淡酒，怎敌他晓来风急怎敌他晓来风急?nSlow slow tune nSo dim，So dark，nSo dense，So dull，nSo damp，So dank，So dead nThe weather，now warm，now cold，nMakes it harder than ever to forget!nHow can thin wine and bread nServe as
17、protection nAgainst the piercing wind of sunset!n葬花吟葬花吟 nTaiyu Predicting Her Own Death n花谢花飞飞满天花谢花飞飞满天,红消香断有谁怜红消香断有谁怜?n游丝软系飘春榭游丝软系飘春榭,落絮轻沾扑绣帘。落絮轻沾扑绣帘。nFly,fly,ye faded and broken dreamsn Of fragrance,for the spring is gone!nBehold the gossamer entwine the screens,n And wandering catkins kiss the stone.n闺中女儿惜春暮闺中女儿惜春暮,愁绪满怀无著处愁绪满怀无著处,n手把花锄出绣帘手把花锄出绣帘,忍踏落花来复去？忍踏落花来复去？nHere comes the maiden from out her chamber door,n Whose secret no one shall share.nShe gathers the trodden blossoms lingeringly,n And says to them her votive prayer.
