2011走向高考,贾凤山,高中总复习,英语,必修3-5.ppt

.词汇 1_n. 重要，重要性_ adj. 重要的 2_n. 哲学_ n. 哲学家_adj. 哲学的 3_n. 思想家_ v. 思考，考虑 _n. 思维，思考，想法 4_ n. 善良_adj. 善良的 _adv. 善良地,5_ n. 顾问_v. 建议_n. 劝告，忠告_adj. 适当的，明智的 6_n. 诚实_adj. 诚实的 _adj.(反义词)不诚实的 7_n. 公正_adj. 公正的_adj. (反义词)不公正的 8_n. 贡献_v. 贡献 9_n. 争/辩论_v. 争/辩论 _adj. 争/辩论的 10_n. 状况，条件，环境_ adj. 有条件的,_adj. (反义词)无条件的 11_v. 强调_ n. 强调，紧张 _adj. 紧张的 12_v. 辞职_n. 辞职 _adj. 辞职的，服从的 13_v. 发明_n. 发明_n. 发明家,14_adj. 平等的_n. 平等 _v. 使平等/相等 15_adj. 有影响的_v/n. 影响 16_adj. 柔软的_adv. 柔软地 _v. 使柔软,答案：1.importance, important 2.philosophy, philosopher, philosophical 3.thinker, think, thought 4.kindness, kind, kindly 5.adviser, advise, advice, advisable 6.honesty, honest, dishonest 7.justice, just, unjust 8.contribution, contribute 9.argument, argue, arguable 10.condition, conditional, unconditional 11.stress, stress, stressful 12.resign, resignation, resigned 13.invent, invention, inventor 14.equal, equality, equalize 15.influential, influence 16.soft, softly, soften,.短语 1look _照顾，照料 2believe _信任，信仰 3bring _ 养育，抚养 4be similar _ 与相似 5be at war _ 与处于战争状态 6be interested _对感兴趣 7be proud _ 为自豪 8be different _ 与不同 9_ conclusion 总之 10_ the first time 首次，第一次,答案：1.after 2.in 3.up 4.to 5.with 6.in 7.of 8.from 9.in 10.for,.句型 1Mencius's ideas _ very _ _ those of Confucius. 孟子的思想和孔子的思想非常相似。 2Ancient China was a place where states were often _ _ _ each other. 古代中国是一个国与国之间经常发生战争的地方。 3He _ _ _ of kindness, duty and order in society. 他强调友善、职责和秩序在社会中的重要性。,4Mencius believed that _ _ _ man is different from animals is _ man is good. 孟子相信人不同于动物的原因是人性善。 答案：1.were, similar to 2.at war with 3.stressed the importance 4.the reason why; that,.重点词汇 1equal vt., adj. & n. 知识拓展 1)vt. 等于；与相等(be equal to) 2)adj.(大小、数量、程度)相等的；胜任的 3)n. 同等的人和物 equally adv. 同样地；相等地 equality n. 相等；平等；同等 equalize vt. 使相等；使平等,链接：be the equal of one's words 说到做到 be without equal 无比；无敌 be equal to sth./doing sth. 等于；能胜任 be equal to 与平等 equal pay for equal work 同工同酬,经典在线 A pound is_roughly_equal_to 500 grams. 1磅约等于500克。(朗文P628) Trade should balance when supply equals demand. 供需相当时贸易便达到平衡。(朗文P628) His paintings are without equal_in the Western world. 他的画在西方世界首屈一指。(朗文P628),辨析：equal, same 1)equal可作形容词、名词和动词，作名词时可以和a连用。 2)same用作形容词和代词，其前一律用the。 The blacks demand equal rights(an equal pay) The blacks demand the same rights(the same pay) 黑人要求平等的权利(相同的工资)。,即学即用 (2006·天津)Fitness is important in sport, but of at least_importance are skills. Afair Breasonable Cequal Dproper 答案：C,2order n. 次序；顺序；整齐；秩序；命令；订购；vt. 命令；指令；订购；安排；指导 知识拓展 by order of 奉之命令 in order of 以的顺序 in order 井然有序；适宜的 in order to/that 为了 out of order 紊乱的 on order 已定购的,in good order 处于良好状态 keep order 维持秩序 under orders 奉命 place an order for sth. 订购某物,He listed the events in_order of importance. 他按重要性的顺序将这些事件列表。 That young teacher can't keep_order in her classroom. 那位年轻教师无法维持班级秩序。 It'll be quite in_order for you to make this suggestion at our next meeting. 你在下次会议上提这个建议很合适。 They're going to London in_order_that they may see the queen. 为了见到女王他们打算到伦敦去。,提示：引导目的状语时，in order to可置于句首也可置于句末；so as to只能置于句末。,即学即用 His order was that she_next day. Areturned Breturn Cwas to return Dwould return 答案：B,_catch the train, he hurried through his work. AIn order to BSo as to CIn order that DSo that 答案： A,3contribution n. 捐献，贡献 I gave a ten­dollar contribution to the church every Sunday. 我每个星期日捐10美元给教会。 Do you consider contributions to the funds a duty or a pleasure? 你认为捐款给基金会是义务还是乐事？,链接： 1)make a contribution to意为“为做出贡献”，还可以说成make contributions to。 The villagers made_a_great_contribution to the construction of the new railway. 村民们为新铁路的建设做出了巨大的贡献。,2)contribute为动词，意为“捐献；捐赠；贡献出；有助于”。 He contributed_to the Red Cross. 他给红十字会捐了款。 Plenty of fresh air contributes_to good health. 充足的新鲜空气有助于健康。,高考直击 (2008·湖北·21)The young man made a _ to his parents that he would try to earn his own living after graduation. Aprediction Bpromise Cplan Dcontribution 答案：B 考查名词词义辨析。prediction预言；promise诺言；plan计划；contribution贡献。句意：那位年轻人向他父母许下诺言(promise)毕业后他要自己谋生,即学即用 Everyone is encouraged to_food and clothing for the refugees. Adrift Bdistribute Ccontribute Dattribute 答案：C,4stress n. 重压，压力；强调；重音；vt. 着重；强调；重读 In fact, stress isn't a bad thing. 事实上，压力并不是一件坏事。 I must stress that we haven't much time. 我必须强调我们没有多少时间了。 Stress and rhythm are important in speaking English. 讲英语时重音及节奏都很重要。,知识拓展 stressable adj. 可用重音读的；可重读的 stressful adj. 产生压力的；使紧迫的 in the stress of the moment 一时紧张 lay/place/put stress on 把重点放在上；在上用力 under/driven by the stress of 为所迫；为所驱使,即学即用 Susan was surely weighed down by_ _ _ _.(考试压力) 答案：the stress of examinations,5condition n. 条件；情形；环境；社会地位；vt. 以为条件，使达到要求 The car is in_very_good_condition. 这辆汽车的状况良好。 The gift given to the boy was conditioned on his good behavior. 给孩子的礼物是以他的表现好为条件的。,知识拓展 on condition that 条件是 on this/that condition 在这个/那个条件下 on no condition 决不(in no way/by no means/at no time/under no circumstances) make it a condition that. 以为条件 be in an interesting condition 有喜，有孕 be in/out of condition 健康状况好/不好 be in good condition 身体很好；完好无误,辨析：condition, state, situation condition, state与situation都含有“情况”的意思。 1)condition指“由于一定的原因、条件或环境所产生的特定情况”。 His condition will not permit him to travel. 他的情况将不允许他去旅游。,2)state是常用词，指“人或物存在或所处的状态”，但不着重于“这种状态和具体原因或条件的关系”。 He is in a good state. 他身体健康。 3)situation指多种具体情况造成的综合状态，常着重这种状态的影响或和处于该状态的事物的关系。 We are in a difficult situation. 我们正处于一种困境。,高考直击 (2009·陕西)From their_on the top of the TV Tower, visitors can have a better view of the city. A. stage B. position C. condition D. situation 答案：B 考查名词词义辨析。stage“舞台，时期，阶段”；position“位置”；condition“条件，情况”；situation“形式，情况；情景”；根据空前的物主代词their可以推断出此处选B。句意为“从他们在电视塔顶部的位置，游客们可以更好地看到这个城市的景色”。,即学即用 You may use my car, _you do not lend it to anyone else. Ain good condition Bon condition that Cin no condition to Din condition 答案：B,6resign n. 辞去(职务)；v. 辞去，辞职 Miss Wang resigned her position as a secretary. 王女士辞去了她的秘书职务。 知识拓展 resigned adj. 已辞职的；已放弃的 resignation n. 辞职；辞职书；放弃；顺从 not resign oneself to 不甘心 resign.to. 把托付给 resign oneself to 听任；只好,辨析：resign, retire resign与retire都含有“退职”的意思。 1)resign表示因对工作不满意或因工作上的失职而自愿“辞去”或被“辞退”职务，常与from连用。 He resigned_from his job as a guard for he wasn't interested in it. 他因对警卫工作不感兴趣而辞职了。,2)retire表示因年龄大或是身体不行，按国家有关规定“退休”，并享受规定补助。 He retired_from the business when he was 60. 他60岁时退休了。 即学即用 改错 He didn't want to resign himself with fortune. _ 答案：with改为to,.难点突破 1bring up 养育；抚养；提出 After her parents were killed in the earthquake, the child was_brought_up by her uncle. 孩子的父母在地震中丧生后，她便由舅父抚养成人。 I intend to bring the matter up at the next meeting. 我想在下次会议上把问题提出来。,知识拓展 bring about 引起；实现；使发生 bring forth 生产；生(孩子) bring in 获利；引进；介绍；收获 bring on 引起；导致 bring out 生产；制造；出版 bring round 使苏醒 bring under 镇压；压制；使就范 bring.together 集合；召集 bring forward 提出 bring sth. to mind 使想起,即学即用 His idea of having weekly family meal together, which seemed difficult at first, has_many good changes in their lives. Agot through Bresulted from Cturned into Dbrought about 答案：D,2in some ways 在某些方面 知识拓展 by the way 顺便说一下 by way of 途经，取道，为了目的 in a way 在某种程度上 in the/one's way 挡道，阻碍 in no way 决不 in this/that way 用这种/那种方法 on the way to 在去途中；即将；将要,under way 已经开始进行了 make one's way 前进，向前走 no way 根本不，一点也不 all the way 一路上 give way to 让步(give in to),注意： 1)in this/that wayby this/that meanswith this method 2)注意下面习惯用法 I like the way(that/in which)she organized the meeting. 3)in no way置于句首时，其后句子要部分倒装。,高考直击 (2007·陕西·13)I think he is taking an active part in social work. I agree with you _. Ain a way Bon the way Cby the way Din the way 答案：A in a way 在某种程度上；on the way 在路上；by the way 顺便说一下；in the way 挡路。,即学即用 What surprised me was not what he did but_he did it. Athe way Bin the way that Cin the way Dthe way which 答案：A,3in conclusion 总之；最后；最终 In_conclusion,_I would like to wish you continued success in the future. 最后，祝你百尺竿头，更进一步。 知识拓展 reach/draw/come to/arrive at a conclusion 得出结论；告一段落 at the conclusion of 当完结时 bring to a conclusion 使结束；谈定(买卖等) come to the conclusion that. 所得的结论是；断定,提示：in conclusionto conclude“最后”都作插入语用。 To_conclude,_I wish you a Happy New Year. 最后，祝你们新年快乐。,即学即用 单句改错 I will say a few words about discipline with conclusion. _ 答案：with改为in,4the reason why.is that.(的)原因是 Mencius believed that the_reason_why man is different from animals is that man is good. 孟子认为人之所以不同于动物是因为人是向善的。 The_reason_why he resigned was_that he quarreled with his boss. 他辞职的原因是他和老板吵架了。,注意： 1)在the reason why.结构中，why引导定语从句，它也可换为for which，在从句中作原因状语。如果关系词取代先行词reason在从句中作主语、宾语、表语等时，则用that或which。,2)the reason is that.结构中，只能用that引导表语从句，不要受汉语的影响，误用because。 The reason_why/for_which he left is still unknown. 他离开的原因仍然不为人知。 No one believed the_reason that/which he gave. 没有人相信他给出的原因。(that/which代替reason，在从句中作gave的宾语),即学即用 We don't believe the reason_he gave for his being late. Afor which Bof which Cwhy Dthat 答案：D,.单元语法精讲精练 定语从句 定语从句是由关系代词或关系副词引导的从句，其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个名词性成分，相当于形容词，所以又称为形容词性从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。,引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词，关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等；关系副词有where, when, why等。关系词常有3个作用：1.引导定语从句。2.代替先行词。3.在定语从句中担当一个成分。关系词的选择依据在从句中所作的成分，先行词在从句中作主、定、宾语时，选择关系代词(who, whom, that, which, whose)；先行词在从句中作状语时，应选择关系副词(where)地点状语，(when)时间状语，(why)原因状语。,高考直击 (1)(2008·福建·31)By nine o'clock, all the Olympic torch bearers had reached the top of Mount Qomolangma，_ appeared a rare rainbow soon. Aof which Bon which Cfrom which Dabove which,答案：D 本题考查了介词which引导的定语从句。句意为“到九点之前所有的奥运火炬手都登上了珠穆朗玛峰的山顶，很快在山顶的上方出现了少见的彩虹”。above 表示“在的上方”；而on表示“在上接触或有表面支撑”。,(2)(2009·重庆)Life is like a long race_we compete with others to go beyond ourselves. Awhy Bwhat Cthat Dwhere 答案：D 考查定语从句。where引导定语从句并在从句中作状语，相当于in which。句意：生活就像是长跑，我们在这场比赛中通过与别人竞争而超越自我。,即学即用 The place_the bridge is supposed to be built should be_the cross­river traffic is the heaviest. Awhich; where Bat which; which Cat which; where Dwhich; in which 答案：C,Frank's dream was to have his own shop_to produce the workings of his own hands. Athat Bin which Cby which Dhow 答案：B,请同学们认真完成课后强化作业,