1、汉英翻译根底教程第一章汉英词汇比拟与翻译2第二章词法翻译的一般技巧4第三章名词的抽象和具体译法9第四章动词的翻译10第五章数词和冠词的翻译11第六章成语的英译12第七章修辞格的翻译16笫八章文化词语的翻译17第九章汉英句子比拟与翻译19第十章换序和转态译法21笫4章断句合句译法23笫十二章长句的翻译25第十四章汉英语篇比拟与翻译26第十五章风格与翻译27第十六章语用与翻译29第一章汉英词汇比拟与翻译第一节翻译中的选义一、结合语境选择较贴切的译文1. b2.a3.b4.a二、译出以下词语，注意词语的不同搭配2. aswarmofbeesabroodofchickensalitterofpups3
2、 abevyofbeautifulladiesapackofhoundsateamofducksaherdofantelopes4. unfailingsupportproactivefiscalpolicymakeeffectiveuseofoverseasresources5. makeaphonecalltakeataxiknitawoolensweaterfetchwaterplaybasketballsprayinsecticide6. basicwagecapitalconstructionessentialcommodityprimaryindustryfundamentali
3、nterest三、翻译以下句子，注意画线词语的理解1. Thetwoleadersexchangedviewsonbilateralrelationsandissuesofcommonconcern2. Partymembersshouldlistencarefullytotheopinionsofthegeneralpublic.3. Theyofferedsomesuggestionsfortherevisionoftheplan.4. Everyonecomplainedagainstsuchapractice.5. Theyhadadisputeatthemeeting.6. Yous
4、houldfollowthedoctor*sadvice.7. Theyreachedaconsensusonthisissue.8. Thereisstillsomeunfinishedbusinesstosettle.9. Wehaveconsultedhimaboutthematter.10. Pleasegoback.Thereisnothingofyourconcernnow第二节翻译中的选词一、翻译以下各句，注意词的选择和搭配。1. Thatdependsuponcircumstances.2. Thisstateofaffairsmustbechanged.3. Howdomat
5、tersstandwiththem?4. Hepresentsallhisbookstothelibrary5. Ateachershoulddevotehimselftothecauseofeducation.6. Thecommitteeconsistsof15members.7. Airismadeupofamixtureofgases.8. Goinforrigoroustrainingandsetstrict3mand.二、翻译以下词组，注意词汇的搭配方式。1. setsail2. openquotation3. thebeginningofspring4. gointooperat
6、ion5. .betakenin6. makeprogress7. distinguishedguests8. beonduty三、翻译以下各句，注意汉语中词汇的词义范围。1. Itrainedcatsanddogs(hard/heavily)threedaysonend(insuccession/running).2. Helikestalkingbig(talkinglarge/talkinghorse/talkingtall)/helikessayingbigwords(largewords).3. Theyaregivingtheclassroomagood(general/sprin
7、g/through)clean(ing).4. Apersonlikehimisbynomeans(innoway/onnoaccount/never/notabsolutely)rare.5. Weshouldgoinforindustryinabigwayinaccordancewithyoursuggestion.6. Ifyoudoitlikethat,you,llbecompletely(gravely/seriously)mistaken(beabsolutelywrong/makeabigmistake/makeamajorblunder/commitaverygrosserro
8、r).第三节翻译中的多样性一、翻译以下句子，注意画线词的多样性译法。l.nItsoundsasifthetwoofyouarealwaysofonemind,“SecondSisterchuckled,nHowwoulditbeifweweretobetrothyoutohim?2. Throughclenchedteethheadded,.3. nSheboremenogrudge,repliedXifeng.nItwasBaoyuwhomadehergrindherteethwithragejustbeforeshedied.114. ButafterherinitialfrightXif
9、engputonaboldface.nIfshe,sdead,11sheretorted,nWhat,sallthefussabout?n二、翻译以下句子，注意画线局部的成语。1. Themoreyouget,themoreyouwant.2. It,sonlynaturalformantohankerformore.3. Goodnessknowswhatthey,rebeingsosecretiveabout.4. She,sbeencreepinginherethelastcoupleofdaysinaverysneakyway.Goodnessknowswhatshe,supto.5.
10、 Whotoldyoutomakesuchafussovernothing?6. Anythingwilldo;don,tfuss.7. Ourgrandmaisill;don,tkickupsuchashindy.(口语：吵架。争吵，打架)8. Whenothersheardthistheycommented,Wethoughtitwassomeonewhomatteredisn,tworthmakingsuchafussabout.”第二章词法翻译的一般技巧第一节对等译法一、翻译下面的句子，注意搭配产生的“假朋友”1. afaithfulChristian2.alovingparent3.
11、anobedientchild4.avirtuouswife5.adutifulhusband6.ahardworkingstudent7.strongwind8.thickfog9heavyrain二、翻译以下句子，注意不顾语境而产生的“假朋友工1. Onlywhentheyfindmuchncommonandhopetokeepintouchlateron,willtheyoffertheirCardS.（注意不要把“投机”翻译成speculative）2. Anotherexample.ThereadingofChineseclassicsisamustforallChinese.Nev
12、ertheless,itwasnotuntilIwasover30thatIcametorealizetheimportanceofself-studyinthematterofclassics.3. Dearyoungfriends,myadvicetoyouis:Dophysicalexercisesperseveringly.Thathasnothingtodowithmerry-makingortime-wasting.Goodhealthisthewherewithalforasuccessfullifeandcareer.三、用对等译法，翻译以下成语。1. fishintroubl
13、edwaters2. beafterone,sownheart3. skinandbones4. touchandgo5. hitthenailonthehead6. beheadandshouldersaboveothers7. turnadeafearto8. bumone,sboat9. turnablindeyeto10. lookforaneedleinabundleofhay四、用对等译法，翻译以下谚语。1. Practicemakesperfect.2. Morehaste,lessspeed.3. Eastorwest,homeisbest.4. Allisfishthatco
14、mestothenet.5. Everythingcomestohimwhowaits6. Themoonisnotseenwhenthesunshines7. Lookbeforeyouleap.8. Thereisnosmokewithoutfire.第二节增词译法一、翻译以下句子，注意增补冠词1. Evenachildcananswerthisquestion.2. Thisistheheadofourdelegation3. Heputthepaperasideandturnedontheradio.4. TheChinesepeopleareindustriousandbrave.5
15、 Wemusthavefaithinthemasses.6. ThecompasswasinventedinChina7. Themoonmovesaroundtheearth.二、翻译以下句子，注意增补代词。1.Handinyourexercise-books,please.2.1can,texpressmyselfinEnglish.3. Liberalismmanifestsitselfinvariousways.4. Don,toverworkyourself.5.1 wishtoavailmyselfofthisopportunitytoexpressourgratitudetoy
16、ou.三、翻译以下句子，注意增补动词。1. Theyareinhighspirits.2. Theybeamedwithjoy.3. Heisquickofeyeanddeftofhand.4. Thisarticleiseasytoreadandunderstand5.1 stoodalooffromhim.四、翻译以下句子，注意增补介词。1. Thebookisverypopularamongyoungpeople.2. Sheinquiredaboutyourillness.3. Themountainis1,000feetabovethesealevel.4. Shutthedoora
17、fter/whenyougoout.5. Dinnerwasatoneo,clock.6. Werejoiceateveryvictoryyouwin.五、翻译以下句子，注意增补连词。1. Promotephysicalcultureandbuildupthepeople*shealth2. Menandwomen,oldandyoung,alljoinedinthebattle.3. Weworkedneitherforfamenorforpersonalgain.4. Weshouldstrikewhiletheironishot.5.1 shallstayhereuntilvecompl
18、etedmystudies.六、翻译以下句子或短语，从文化角度增补词语。1. YoumighthavethegeniusofLiBaiorDuFu,whowasagreatpoetintheTangDynastyandthemoralworthofYanHuiorZengShen-bothofthemweredisciplesofConfuciusnoonewouldaskyouradvice.2. toshowoffone,sproficiencywiththeaxbeforeLuBanthemastercarpenter3. Jigong,RobinHoodinChina,robbedth
19、erichandhelpedthepoor.4. letahundredflowersbloom,permittheairingofconflictingviews5. blackchildren,whoareborninviolationofChina*sone-childpolicy第三节减词译法一、翻译以下句子注意省略原文的范畴词。1. Reformandopening-upreversedthestagnationofnationaleconomy2. Hisrudenessshockedme.3. Hehasundertaken/takenupthetranslationofLuXu
20、n,sworks.4. Theexportisnotpermittedtoexceeditslimit.5. ThediscussioncoversSino-USrelations.6. Inthesummerof1969,theAdministrationpubliclyurgedaneasingoftensionswithChina.7. Hisarrogancemadeeveryonedislikehim.8. Nowbirthcontrolbecameapossibility.9. Chinaiscarryingoutnationwidepollutioncontrolandenvir
21、onmentalprotection.10. Duringthetalk,theirdiscussioncenteredaroundtheprotectionofintellectualpropertiesrights.11. promotepeacefulreunification12. Ourimport-exportinthefirsthalfofthisyearhasgoneverywell.二、翻译以下句子，注意省略原文的重复成分。1. ThetwosidesheldthatSino-USrelationsshouldbeviewedinaglobalcontextandfromap
22、erspectiveofthefutureandthe21stcenturyinparticular.2. Whenproblemsemerge,theycanbeeasilyputright.3. distance/length/size/height4. Increasetheawarenessaboutself-reliance,competition,efficiency,anddemocracyandtheruleoflaw,aswellasthepioneeringandinnovationspirit.5. Silence!Silence!Unlessweburstout,wes
23、hallperishinthissilence.6. Productiveforcesarethemostdynamicandthemostrevolutionaryfactorsaswellastheultimatedecisiveforceofsocialdevelopment.7. OurpartymustalwaysrepresentthedevelopmenttrendofChina*sadvancedproductiveforces;theorientationofChina*sadvancedculture,andthefundamentalinterestsoftheoverw
24、helmingmajorityofpeopleinChina.三、翻译以下句子，注意省略原文中多余的或空洞的词语。1.1 wenttheretohavealook.AllIremembernowisthattheguardsattheentrancewereSwisssoldiersinyellowuniforms.2. Weneedtoimportadvancedindustrialequipment.3. Pastexperiencesteachus.4. Thatisafacade.5. Wemustadheretotheprincipleofplainlivingandhardstru
25、ggle.6. Wemustcarryforwardandpromotethespiritofpracticality,truth-seekingandcourageininnovation.7. Thisshatteredhisillusion.8. WedemandthatUSgovernmentapologizetoChinaforthisincident.9. EncouragebothChineseandoverseasinvestmentsinthecentralandwesternregions.第四节合并译法一、运用合并译法，翻译以下四字成语或词组。1. finewords2.
26、 glibtongue3. exhausted4. stumbling5. moveforces6. bumone,sboat二.合并译法,翻译以下句子。1.Wemusthavethisambition.2.1gotintomyoldragsandmysugar-hogsheadagain,andwasfreeandsatisfied.3. Eachofthefiveperformancesenjoyedafullhouse,withmanyspectatorshavingtostand.4. Heisdeterminedtoturnoveranewleaf.5. Heworkedhardat
27、hisstudieseveninearlychildhood.6. TheChineseonbothsidesoftheTaiwanStraitsareofthesamefleshandblood.7. Allthestaffuniteinabsolutesincerity.8. Beforeyoucame,Ididnothingbutidleanddriftintoanythingthatoffereditself.9. Hesoughtthedistractionofdistance.第五节转性译法一、翻译以下句子，注意汉语形容词和副词的转译。1. Thereisnodifferencei
28、ntheirviews.2. Wefounddifficultyinsolvingthiscomplicatedproblem.3. Thedelegatesunanimouslyexpressedtheirdeterminationtoopposethenuclearweapons4. Hisnewbookisagreatsuccess.5. Helookedatmeinamazement.6. Thesunshinesovertheearth.7. Thenewsquicklyspreadthroughouttheworld.8. Hervoiceringsthroughthehouse.
29、9. Thisareaisdenselypopulated.10. OurgovernmentshowsgreatconcernfortheChinesestudentsabroad.11. Theygivethisfamouswriterawarmwelcome.12. Sheactedasareluctanttouristguide.13. Shehasastrongdesiretoseehim.14.1willgiveanimmediatereply.15.Independentthinkingisanabsolutenecessityinstudy.三、翻译以下句子，注意其中名词的转译
30、情况。1. Oxygenisoneoftheimportantelementsinthephysicalworld;itisveryactivechemically.2. Thiskindofbehaviorcharacterizesthecriminalmind.3. Theearthisshapedlikeabigball.4. Heaimstobeasuccessfulwriter.5. Thiscoffeetastesofchocolate.6. Allthestudentsshoulddevelopmorally,intellectuallyandphysically.7. Them
31、agnificentGreatHallofthePeopleimpressedustremendously.8. Wecanhouseyouifthehotelsarefull.9. Ignoranceandnegligencehascausedthismistake.10. Olivebranchsymbolizespeace.11. Weshouldrespecttheoldandlovetheyoung.第六节换形译法一、翻译以下句子，注意名词性替代。1. A:CanIhaveacupofblackcoffeewithsugar,p/ease?B:Givemethesame,please
32、2. Whentheclockstruckthree,Elizabethfeltthatshemustgo;andveryunwillinglyshesaidso.3. A:Wouldyoulikethisteapot?B:No,Iwantasquareone.4. Thisrepresentedagreatshiftfromthecenturies-longhistoryofreclaimingfarmlandfromlakestorestoringittothemonalargescale.5. Thisisthekeyworkshopinourfactory.Herewehavecom
33、parativelycompleteequipment.Cooling-faninstallations,heatingdevicesandcommunicationsfacilitiesarealsoequippedoverthosemachineries.三，翻译下面的句子，注意运用动词性替代。1.1donotknowanymorethanyoudo.(do=know)2. Hedidnotoftengrumble,andwhenhedid,noonepaidmuchattentiontohim.(did=grumble)3. Heroseearly,ashehadalwaysdone.(
34、had.done=had.risenearly)4. Althoughmostofthepeoplebowedtohim,theyspatintothedirtastheydidso.5. Peterisjoiningourgroup.mnotsurewhetherDavidwilldosoornot.6.1promisedtogetaticketforhimandIwilldoso.7. TheysaythatthePrimeMinsterwillsoondissolveParliamentandcallfornewelections.Idoubtverymuchifhewilldoso!8
35、 Areyoubusythisafternoon?Ifnot,lhopeyouwouldstaywithmeforawhile.笫七节褒贬译法一、给出以下词语的褒义词、贬义词和中性词形式。褒义词中性词贬义词人群gathering/assemblycrowdmob肥胖的portlyoverweighttubby苗条的slim/slender/slimunderweightthinfleshyskinnygauntlanky朋友comradefriendcrony作家manofletterswriterwordmonger坚持perseverecontinuepersist二、将以下句子译成英语
36、注意画线词语的褒贬。1. Heisalwayshankeringafterpersonalfameandgains2. Sheisfondoffigureskating.3. Heisinthefurtrade.4. Youarepeddlingnationalnihilism.5. Hecollaboratedwiththeinvadersandbetrayedhismotherland.6. Weshouldenhanceourmutualcooperation.7. Heisdeeplyengrossedinmedicalresearch.8. Thatchapisinfatuated
37、withfameandfortune.9. Itshallbestrictlyprohibitedthatmoreforestsandpasturesbeturnedontofarmland10. China*seconomyisamajorquestion.11. Thestubbornboyrefusedtolistentohisparent*sadvice.12. Heaccomplishedtheworkwithstubborneffort.第三章名词的抽象和具体译法第一节名词的抽象译法一、翻译以下词语。1. cleanhands2. sixofoneandhalfadozenofth
38、eother3. adropintheocean4. castleintheair5. far-sightedness6. agentleman1sagreement7. raincatsanddogs8. aspoorasachurchmouse9. touchstone10. buttersb.Up二、翻译以下句子，注意画线局部名词的抽象译法。1. Withhistardiness,carelessnessandappallinggoodhumor,weweresorelyperplexed.2. Nonewsisgoodnews.3. Theiroptimismmovedusgreatl
39、y.4. Atpresent,thebusinessinourcompanyisturningforthebetter.5. TheirenthusiasmisbeingconstantlyheightenedbyChina*ssocialistindustrializationanditsachievement.6. Nowbirthcontrolhasbecomeapossibility.7. TheyadmittedthegreatnessofMiltonasapoet,butdeniedhisgoodnessasaman.1.1 amsorryfortherudenessofhisbe
40、haviortowardyou.9. Weshoulddaretocombatindisciplineandinefficiency.10. Duringthetalks,theirdiscussionhasbeencenteredonprotectionofintellectualpropertyrights.笫二节名词的具体译法一、运用具体译法翻译以下词语和句子。1. astallasMaypole2. apieceofcake3. acapitalknifeandfork4. breadandbutter5. breadandcheese6. Theproofofthepuddingis
41、intheeating7. Hewasbornwithasilverspooninhismouth.二、翻译以下词语或句子，注意象声词的具体译法。1. theclicker-clackoftheleathershoes2. theclangorofthegong3. thetick-tackofthewatch4. therumbling(rolling)ofthethunder5. thesqueakingoftheradio6. thethumpingofthebus7. theclatterofmahjong8. thejingleofthedoorbell9. Thebird-song
42、andthebabblingofthestreamsdancedlightlyinthespringbreeze.10. Allwasquietinandoutofthehouseexceptforsomepeoplesnoring,thehorseschewingmash,andthegeesecacklingatintervals.第四章动词的翻译第一节动态动词的静态译法翻译以下句子，注意汉语句子中动态动词的灵活转换。1.1 wouldverymuchappreciateitifyoucouldtakeoursuggestionintoconsideration.2. Onecanneve
43、rbetoocarefulinthechoiceofone,sfriends.3. Butaftermuchhesitation,hefinallydecidedtoseemeoffhimself.4.1amanxiousaboutherhealth.1.1 tookmychildtothestreetforawalk.6. Theykeptonfightinginspiteofalldifficultiesandsetbacks.7. Weareallinfavorofhissuggestion.8. Althoughthereportisverylong,itisbesidethepoin
44、tandbeyondmycomprehension.9. Pleaseletmethrough.10. Thewindblewthecandleout.11. Atthethoughtofthedisasterhislegsstiffenedunderhimandhecouldn,tmoveastepfurther12. Weknowthatthemasteryofaforeignlanguageisnoteasy.1.1 1havebeenwaitinghereinobediencetoyourorder.14. Whataretheyafter?Theyareafterfame,after
45、positionandtheywanttocutsmartfigures.15. Outofposition,outofadministration.16. Hewenttotheshopforabottleofsauce.17. Herbeautyisbeyondword.18. Abridgehasbeenunderconstruction,whichwillspantheHangzhouBay.第二节静态动词的动态译法翻译以下汉语句子，注意动态译法的运用。1. Thesetapesarenolongerusable,sotheyarecompletelydisposable2. Wear
46、ehappywithherselectionasMissAsia.3.1amafraidyoursuggestionisnotworkableatall.4.1amagingandforgetfulnow.5.Sheisveryhesitantaboutwhethertorevealthetruthtothepublic.6.1amreallyveryregretfulnow.Ishouldn,thavebeensorudetoher.7. Heisverysorryforhispast,andhehasundertakentogiveupmotorcarsentirely.8. Theart
47、sandcraftstherearecompleteinrange,reasonableinpriceandreliableinquality.9. Sheistolerantofmymistake,whichdeeplymovesme.10. Theknockonthedoormademewideawake.第五章数词和冠词的翻译第一节数词的翻译一、翻译以下句子或词语，采用数字的直译法。1. onecentraltaskandtwobasicpoints2. thefourcardinalprinciples3. theFivePrinciplesofPeacefulCoexistence4. Bothofthemhavetenapples5. Abirdinthehandisbetterthanahundredinthewood.二、翻译以下句子，
