秦京输油管道工程安全评价.doc
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1、硕 士 学 位 论 文秦京输油管道工程安全评价摘 要随着我国社会经济的高速发展,能源的战略地位日益重要。输油管道作为石油生产系统的重要组成部分,在石油系统中占有重要的地位,输油管道尤其是长输管道的快速发展致使其安全可靠性问题日益突出。伴随西气东输、陕京线、川气东送等一系列输气动脉的建成,天然气管道在我国社会、工业中扮演着越来越重要的角色,其安全状况不仅关系管道周围的生命、财产和环境安全,更关系着我国能源安全。利用油气管道系统的风险评价技术提高油气管道工程的安全可靠性,预测油气管道高风险区和隐患部分,尽量减小各事故因素所造成的损失。因此,为保障管道的安全运行,对油气长输管道工程进行风险性分析和风
2、险评价进而实行风险管理是十分重要的。首先,介绍了国内外管道安全的现状,从目前国内外的管道风险评价技术入手,分析了现有的管道风险评价技术的特点和我国相关技术的不足,提出了研究目标和研究内容,分析了研究的关键技术和技术路线。本文介绍了油气管道安全及安全评价的基本概念和油气管道的安全评价模式,论述了风险评价和风险分析方法,简要介绍了国外长输管线安全管理和技术。阐述了管道的适用性评价模式、风险评价模式、完整性评价模式、可靠性评价模式。讨论基于断裂力学的管道剩余强度评价和油气管道缺陷安全评价。介绍了油气管道风险评价的基本原理、方法。评价分析了概率风险评价技术和模糊风险评价技术以及神经网络技术;以及诱发输
3、油管道事故的可能性因素,估计事故造成的后果,确定了油气长输管线的系统可靠性。利用可靠性分析方法对油气长输管线进行了安全性评估,计算油气长输管道系统可靠性和管道线路部分的可靠性,最终确定管道系统的安全水平,对油气管道安全可靠性目标及改进的措施进行了总结。本文结合秦京输油管道工程实例介绍了目前油气长输管道风险评价中较为常见的安全评价技术。分析了工艺站场火灾爆炸危险有害因素和管道危险有害因素以及自然灾害、社会危险有害因素,确定管道评价单元的划分和评价方法的选用。讨论了秦京输油管道的定性、定量风险评价,具体介绍了管道定性风险评价方法,说明了安全检查表评价方法的具体评价方法,并详细分析了线路安全检查表、
4、站场安全检查表、安全管理检查表的具体过程。其次讨论了管道的定量风险评价方法,并介绍并分别了各事故因素的专家评分,最终确定管道的相对风险值。关键词:输油管道;安全评价模式;剩余强度评价;可靠度分析;定量风险评价;模糊风险评价;安全检查表评价AbstractWith the rapid development of Chinas economy, the strategic position of energy has become more and more important. Pipeline as an important part of the oil production system
5、 and plays an important role in the petroleum system. Rapid development of pipeline, especially the long-distance pipeline, to bring their security and reliability problems has become increasingly prominent. Recently, a series of gas trunk line have been completed construction, such as Shaanxi-Beij
6、ing pipeline, West-East Pipeline and Sichuan-Shanghai pipeline. Natural gas pipelines play an increasingly important role in our society and industry,its safe condition not only affect the lives, the property and the environment security around the pipeline, but also relate to our countrys energy se
7、curity. The safety and reliability of oil and gas pipeline project can be improved by using the risk assessment techniques of oil and gas pipeline. Forecast the high-risk areas and the parts of hidden trouble in the oil and gas pipelines, to minimize the damage caused by the accident factor. Therefo
8、re, in order to ensure the safe operation of pipelines, risk analysis and risk assessment for oil and gas long-distance pipeline project, and then execute risk management is very important.First of all, the domestic and international pipeline security situations are introduced. The domestic and inte
9、rnational current techniques of pipeline risk assessment are surveyed, and then available risk assessment of pipeline technologies and the disadvantage of domestic related technologies are analyzed. Accordingly, the research targets and research contents, , and the studys key technologies and techno
10、logy roadmap are analyzed.This article introduces the basic concepts of oil and gas pipeline safety and security assessment, and safety assessment model of oil and gas pipeline. The methods of risk assessment and risk analysis are discussed and the long-distance pipeline safety management and techno
11、logy are briefly introduced. Expound the applicability assessment model of the pipeline, risk assessment model, integrity assessment model, reliability assessment model. Based on the fracture mechanics of pipeline residual strength assessment and oil and gas pipeline defects safety assessment are Di
12、scussed. Basic principles and methods of Oil and Gas Pipeline Risk Assessment are introduced. Probabilistic risk assessment, fuzzy risk assessment techniques, neural network technology and the possibility factors of inducing the pipeline accidents have been Evaluated and analyzed. The consequences o
13、f the accident are estimated and reliability of the Oil and Gas Pipeline system are determined.Safety assessment of long-distance oil and gas pipeline has been carried out by using reliability analysis method. The reliability of oil and gas pipeline systems are Calculated. Ultimately the safety of p
14、ipeline systems are determined, safety reliability objectives of oil and gas pipeline and improvement measures are summarized.In this paper, the current risk assessment of oil and gas pipeline safety assessment and the more common technology based on the Qin - Beijing Oil Pipeline Project introduced
15、 The harmful factors of fire and explosion in the process of station are analyzed, harmful factors of pipeline dangerous, social dangerous and natural disasters, to determine the pipeline division of the assessment units and assessment methods used. Qualitative Risk Assessment and Quantitative Risk
16、 Assessment of the Qin - Beijing pipeline has been discussed. Qualitative Risk Assessment of pipeline has been detailed described, and the assessment method of safety checklist has been explained. Detailed analysis of the line safety checklist, safety inspection station table Checklist of specific s
17、afety management process.Keywords: Oil pipeline; Safety Assessment Model; Residual Strength Assessment; Reliability Analysis; Quantitative Risk Assessment; Fuzzy Risk Assessment; Safety Checklist Assessment 目 录中文摘要英文摘要第1章 绪论11.1 研究背景11.2 研究的必要性和意义21.3 国内外研究现状41.3.1 国外研究现状41.3.2 国内研究现状101.3.3 油气管道风险及
18、失效模式101.4 研究目标与研究内容121.4.1 研究目标121.4.2 研究内容131.4.3 关键技术131.5 研究技术路线131.6 创新点131.7 本章小结14第2章 管道安全评价模式比较分析162.1 引言162.2 管道安全评价模式162.2.1 适用性评价模式162.2.2 风险评价模式172.2.3 完整性评价模式192.2.4 可靠性评价模式192.3 管道安全评价模式决策建议202.3.1 管线安全评价模式比较结论202.3.2 管线安全评价模式框架构想212.3.3 管道安全评价模式建议212.4 本章小结22第3章 管道安全评价技术现状233.1 引言233.2
19、 油气管道风险评价技术233.2.1 风险评价基本原理233.2.2 风险评价基本方法243.2.3 概率风险评价方法253.2.4 模糊风险评价技术283.2.5 神经网络模型303.3 基于断裂力学的管道剩余强度评价323.3.1 油气管道缺陷安全评价方法323.3.2 油气管道失效概率研究基础423.3.3 应力强度干涉理论433.4 油气长输管线的系统可靠性评估453.4.1 管道系统可靠性的定义453.4.2 油气长输管道系统可靠度453.4.3 管道线路部分的可靠性分析473.4.4 管线系统的可靠度计算483.4.5 管线系统的安全水平493.4.6 管道可靠性目标及改进措施49
20、3.5 本章小结50第4章 秦京输油管道的安全性技术514.1 秦京输油管道城项目概况514.1.1 工程概况514.1.2 输油线路工程及输油工艺514.1.3 站场工程534.1.4 防腐工程574.1.5 给排水和供配电系统594.1.6 采暖及通风系统594.1.7 通信和自动控制系统594.1.8 建(构)筑物604.1.9 消防系统604.1.10 维修和抢修624.1.11 安全管理现状624.2 主要危险有害因素分析634.2.1 主要危险有害物质特性634.2.2 重大危险源辨识654.2.3 工艺站场火灾爆炸危险有害因素分析664.2.4 管道危险有害因素分析704.2.5
21、 腐蚀危害714.2.6 自然灾害危险因素分析724.2.7 社会危害危险因素分析734.2.8 主要危险有害物质的分布744.3 评价单元的划分和评价方法的选用744.3.1 评价单元的划分和评价方法的选用744.3.2 安全检查表法简介754.3.3 管道风险评分法754.3.4 火灾、爆炸危险指数评价分析法804.4 本章小结82第5章 秦京输油管道的定性定量风险评价835.1 秦京输油管道的定性分析评价835.1.1 安全检查表评价835.1.2 线路安全检查表835.1.3 站场安全检查表865.1.4 安全管理检查表925.1.5 安全检查表小结955.2 秦京输油管道的半定量分析
22、评价955.2.1 管道工程分段955.2.2 各评价路段概况965.2.3 风险评价975.2.4 评价结果分析1025.3 火灾、爆炸危险指数评价分析1035.4 本章小结106第6章 结论与展望1076.1 结论1076.2 创新点描述1086.2 展望108致谢110参考文献111攻读博士学位期间参与的科技活动与成果115CONTENTSABSTRACT1 Introduction11.1 Research Background11.2 Necessity and Significance of Research21.3 Research at Domestic and Aboard4
23、1.3.1 Research at Aboard41.3.2 Research at Domestic101.3.3 Risk and failure mode of oil and gas pipelines101.4 Research Object and Research Content121.4.1 Research Object121.4.2 Research Content131.4.3 Key Technology131.5 Technology Course of Research131.6 Innovations131.7 Brief Conclusion142 Compar
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