[英语学习]写作.doc
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1、写作:30 小作文:信件 10 5-7 4分以下:不完整 8-9 大作文:漫画作文 20 9-13 6 以下:跑题 14-16 :语言思路:笔记语言:固定句型,范文真题:讲解练习:写,部分,全篇15 小作文:信件Directions仔细阅读directions1. 称呼 write a letter to _ 1) 姓名:Dear 姓名, Dear Bob, Dear Mr. Wang, 2) 职务,职业,身份 Dear职务,职业,身份 Dear Editor, Dear Editors, Sales Manager, 3) 部门,机构 To whom it may concern, Dear
2、 Sir or Madam, 11: Dear Friend, 2. 署名 using . Yours sincerely, Sincerely yours, 空一行Li Ming 三段:3. 信件类型 (para1) 目的动词:to do, doing ( write a letter to 后,提纲)) 态度:apology, thanks, congratulations , praise, complaints 事件 05、08 :道歉) 大包小 09,07 建议信 06: 求助信两大类. 与事件有关:感谢,道歉,投诉,祝贺,表扬. 与中心话题有关:建议,求助,邀请,推荐,申请. 细节
3、 (para 2 )三段:目的 Para2 :细节 Para3 :语域正文写作:第一段:信件目的句) 固定句型 I am writing to I am to write to I am here to write to 动词2)关键词体现信件类型投诉: complain about/ of . To make/ lodge/ present/ issue/ raise my complaints about/ of To express / extend / deliver/ convey my dissatisfaction/ disappointment about 道歉: To apo
4、logize to you for To say sorry to you for To express/ extend my apology to you for To deliver my regret/ pity about 感谢:To thank you for / appreciate your , To be thankful/ grateful/ appreciated / obliged to you for To express/ convey my thanks/ appreciation/ gratitude/ obligation to you for 建议:To lo
5、dge / present/ issue/ address my suggestions/ advice/ proposals on .To lodge solutions/ measures/ approaches to 求助:ask for your help/ favor/ assistance/ aid in To beg you to do me a favor/ offer me a hand in 总结: 表达:express, extend, convey, deliver Eg. I am writing to extend my congratulations to you
6、 on . 提出: lodge, issue, address, present, raise Eg. I am writing to address my invitation to you to . 4) 事件、话题 (简要提及)介词+事件问题 (名词)名词概括experience/ mistake/ carelessness/ lapse of attention/ help/ reminding / instructions Eg. 05 I am writing to express my apology to you for my decision to resign from m
7、y present position. 08: I am writing to extend my apology to you for my carelessness to take your CD by mistake. 动名词:doing 从句省略结构 what/ how to do Eg. 07 : I, as a student in our university, am here to write to lodge my suggestions on how to promote the service in the library. 09: I,a reader of your
8、newspaper, am writing to make some proposals on what to do with the white pollution. 一句话:1) 固定句型) 关键词) 事件和话题Eg. 11 I am writing to introduce to you a movie to my taste for your enjoyment. 介绍自己. 双方熟悉 :不介绍. 双方不熟悉:可以写可以不写 As +n (身份):主谓之间第二段:细节事件类:投诉,道歉,感谢,祝贺,表 事件经过+事件影响+解决方案. 事件经过:过去时, 2句 S1- 次要细节 S2-(
9、递进,强调)主要细节递进,强调:to ones n. To my joy/ movement/ dissatifaction/ disappointment/ fury/ regret/ pity/ To my surprise/ beyond my imagination08:is not long since Ived home from Canada. To my surprise, your CD turned out to be in my baggage. 05: is two months sincebegan to work as an editor for your maga
10、zine. Beyond my imagination, two months of experience here led me to realize my inability to adapt to the position. Therefore, I hate to inform you of my resignation. 2) 事件影响 2句衔接手段:由于。 Due to/ because of/ owing to/ thanks to / on account of 正反对比,虚实结合S3笼统表达 Much inconvenience/ loss/ Many gains/ many
11、 benefits Inconvenience/ loss to some extent S4 - 具体影响(假设)for/ without/ if it were not for , would do/ wouldnt do Eg. 08 Due to the carelessness, you must have felt much inconvenience. But for it, you would be able to enjoy the music in the CD. S3 投诉: Due to the mistake/ ill-behavior/ lapse of atten
12、tion/ defects, I hate to mention/ recall much inconvenience / loss thus caused to me. 道歉: Due to the mistake/ ill-behavior/ lapse of attention/ defects, I must have caused much inconvenience/ loss to you ./ I hate to see much inconvenience / loss thus caused to you. / you must have felt/ experiencec
13、d/ undergone much inconvenience/ loss. 感谢:、 thanks to the help/ favor/ instruction, I must have had a lot of gains/ I must have benefited from it. 05: Due to the abrupt decision, I hate to see much loss thus caused. If it were not for my resignation, you wouldnt need to take time and energy to hunt
14、for a substitute for me. 3) 解决措施 投诉:处理投诉具体办法 道歉:弥补损失具体办法 感谢:回报对方具体办法衔接手段:照应,顺承 Considering/ given/ based on the situation To make up for / compensate for / reward . (主语发出不定式动作)道歉:就事论事08: make up for the mistake, Ipost it back to you as soon as possible. 05:To reduce the loss to the largest extent, I
15、keep working until the proper candidate can take over my duty. 感谢: 万能:当面致谢reward I would like to 感谢in person/ formally/ personally when opportunity arises. 投诉:万能:郑重道歉 is appreciated / expected for you to 道歉 formally/ in a formal way. 具体: Refund what I paid Replace it with a new one without defects m
16、entioned above Put a prompt end to the behavior and ensure the impossibility of similar matters. Ask for compensations 倍数as much as paid 事件类第二段总结Level 1 Level 2Level 3 经过 (2)影响(4) 措施投诉S1-次要(1)S2-主要S3-虚指S4-具体(3)(假设) 处理方法(委婉)道歉弥补措施(真诚)感谢回报途径(真诚) 衔接手段(1) 递进强调 to ones (2) 因果:由于 介词(3) 假设:虚拟(4) 对应顺承:非谓语动词
17、举一反三:祝贺信S1回顾取得成绩S2- 最值得一提成绩 S3- 成绩很有意义S4要不是。 不会。(具体)向对方学习表扬信S1回顾好人好事S2- 最闪光点S3- 很多意义S4- 要不是。 具体S5向对方学习话题类第二段:总分结构S1- 话题总体概括(不与第一段提出话题重合)背景知识S2从不同角度展开建议信:问题+具体建议求助信:话题+具体要求邀请信:活动+具体希望申请信:职位+具体优点. 建议信S1- 话题评价描述) 中性话题:(让步)好处(转折)改进空间转折:yet, still , meanwhile 让步: though/ although +句子 In spite of / despit
18、e/ regardless of 好处: be good for/ play an important role Provide an access to Fulfill the purpose of Afford . 话题 动词 语= 宾语 done by 话题Eg. Although the library plays animportant ole in our study, = Regardless of an important role played by the library in our study Though the library provides an access
19、to knowledge, = Despite an access to knowledge provided by the library 改进空间There is still much room for its perfection/ improvement. There is still much room to promote/ boost/ foster . There is much reason to justify the improvement of it. There remain to be some points that need to work on. S2 - 具
20、体建议 ( 并列,平行列举)是什么为什么First, first of all, in the first place, initially, primarily Whats more, next, then Besides, in addition, additionally , equally 给出展开角度:当谈到。With respect to As regardsWhen it comes to In terms of As far as 。 is concerned Eg. 07 With respect to its open time 建议角度) it is wise to ex
21、tend the open time to 11 p.m.(具体建议内容) considering that most students can only go to the library after a whole days study. (建议理由)As regards the variety of books in the library, it is desired that the library can increase the diversity of books available to students in that it can satisfy the needs of
22、 students from different majors. 引出建议理由Considering/ given/ in that/ stemming from the fact that In order to do/ so as to do / with the purpose of doing 提出建议:不用should 委婉: It is wise/ reasonable/ sensible/ rational/ desirable to do It is desired/ appreciated/ welcome/ that 2) 消极(so/such)不好+ (that)应该解决
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