史上最全托福词汇题590题（新托150题+老托440题）.docx

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1、下载原文可修改文字和底色颜色查看原文史上最全托福词汇题590题（新托i5题+老托44。题）资料说明：这里是最全的托福词汇题，包括新托福TPO词汇题150题，和老托历史所有词汇题（俗称440题，托福阅读词汇1976-2004.10）。一份超级牛的词汇资料，基本可以覆盖90%的阅读词汇题目。当然，如果想考到）5分以上，那这份词汇资料还是不充分的，但是如果你的目标只是100分，那么这份资料己经完全足够帮你搞定托福阅读词汇题了。新托福TPO阅读词汇题150题前言我们的大脑会在遇到特定的情况时，非常自然的去遵循某种模式，比如说，打喷嚏的时候，人们会自然的说：“有人想你了J当打碎玻璃杯子的时候，人们会安慰

2、碎碎平安这些不断重复的事件积累起来，被人们牢记于心，而且在又一次出现的时候，被人们再次遵从这些现象。对于记忆词汇的人们来说也存在同样的过程。我们抱着一本单词书和一本鸡血书（或是视频、男/女神照片），萦绕着信誓旦旦奋斗的情绪，恨不得早些搞定托福来弥补曾今脑子进过的水和回馈自己流过的汗水，因为重复积累记忆是最有效的背诵方式，不断的重复背诵各种词汇书就成为了鸡血生活的一部分。在鸡血了一段时间后，发现自己能够将词汇书中的词汇记下来的数量少之又少，久而久之，干脆养成了看那些已经明白了的单词，而忽略那些怎么也记不下来的单词，这样的学习效果实在是惨不忍睹。有同学说，背单词就是重更嘛，我重复了许多遍就记下

3、来了；有同学说，背单词就是重复嘛，但我重复了许多遍还是记不下来。重复的确是能够塑造记忆的方式，而对于记不下来的同学来说，要清楚你所重复的内容是否为有意义的信息。就像你只重复记忆那些己经背好的单词，没有背过的单词自然就不会和你产生缘分。每天试着多看一些你不认识的单词吧，就像读了葵花宝典，不去挥刀白宫还是练不成。背单词有两个方向：一个是不断去重复记忆新的单词，另一个是不断实践使用已经记下来的单词。对于后者来说，托福TPo阅读词汇题这个文档存在的意义就是利用托福真题中的词汇题来让你实践。这里收录了目前所能拿到的托福真题文章中所有的词汇题，每道题有一个被考察的词汇以及四个可供选择的词汇，并且还附上了被

4、考察的词汇在原文当中的段落，便于理解这个词汇在原文当中的意思。如果你是正打算学习托福，正等着托福培训班开课，却还没有实际下手的同学，请把这个文档中所有的题目做完吧。如果你的托福恰好败在了词汇上，请把这个文档中所有的题目做完吧。如果你在托福SA17GREGMAT的作文上遇到了词穷的困境，请把这个文档中所有的题目做完吧。请大家点击word文档中的显示/隐藏按钮进行显示/隐藏答案，或者使用快捷键ctrl+shift+8o目录新托福TPO阅读词汇题150题-5-新托词汇150题答案：-5-OG-5-TPO-I-13-TP0-3-16-OnlineTest-20-TP0-4-23-OfflcialMod

5、elExam-26-TPO-5-28-TPO-6-32-TPO-7-36-TPO-8-39-TPO-9-42-OGTest2-47-TPO-IO-51-TPO-Il-54-TPO-12-58-TPO-13-61-TPO-14-66-TPO-15-70-TPO-16-74-TPO-17-78-TPO-18-82-TPO-19-86-TPO-20-91-TPO-21-96-TPO-22-99-TPO-23-103-TPO-24-107-TPO-25-110-老托福词汇题精选440题-113-老托词汇44。题答案-161-新托福TPO阅读词汇题150题新托词汇150题答案：请大家点击WOrd文档中的

6、显示/隐藏按钮进行显示/隐藏答案，或者使用快捷键CtrI+shift+8OGParagraph3：Thefossilconsistsofacompleteskullofanarchaeocyte,anextinctgroupofancestorsofmoderncetaceans.Althoughlimitedtoaskull,thePakicetusfossilprovidesPreCiOUSdetailsontheoriginsofcetaceans.Theskulliscetacean-likebutitsjawboneslacktheenlargedspacethatisfilledw

7、ithfatoroilandusedforreceivingunderwatersoundinmodernwhales.Pakicetusprobablydetectedsoundthroughtheearopeningasinlandmammals.Theskullalsolacksablowhole,anothercetaceanadaptationfordiving.Otherfeatures,however,showexpertsthatPakicetusisatransitionalformbetweenagroupofextinctflesh-eatingmammals,theme

8、sonychids,andcetaceans.IthasbeensuggestedthatPakicetusfedonfishinshallowwaterandwasnotyetadaptedforlifeintheopenocean.Itprobablybredandgavebirthonland.OG-TheOriginsofCetaceans3.Theword“precious”inthepassageisclosestinmeaningtooexactoscarceOvaluableoinitialParagraph4:AnothermajordiscoverywasmadeinEgy

9、ptin1989.Severalskeletonsofanotherearlywhale,Basilosaurus,werefoundinsedimentsleftbytheTethysSeaandnowexposedintheSaharadesert.Thiswhalelivedaround40millionyearsago,12millionyearsafterPakicetus.Manyincompleteskeletonswerefoundbuttheyincluded,forthefirsttimeinanarchaeocyte,acompletehindlegthatfeature

10、safootwiththreetinytoes.Suchlegswouldhavebeenfartoosmalltohavesupportedthe50-f00t-l0ngBasilosauinisonland.Basilosauruswasundoubtedlyafullymarinewhalewithpossiblynonfunctional,orvestigial,hindlegs.OG-TheOriginsofCetaceans6.Theword“exposedinthepassageisclosestinmeaningtooexplainedOvisibleoidentifiedol

11、ocatedParagraph5:Anevenmoreexcitingfindwasreportedin1994,alsofromPakistan.ThenowextinctwhaleAnbulocetusnatars(thewalkingwhalethatswamn)livedintheTethysSea49millionyearsago.Itlivedaround3millionyearsafterPakicetusbut9millionbeforeBasilosaurus.ThefossilIUCknyincludesagoodportionofthehindlegs.Thelegswe

12、restrongandendedinlongfeetverymuchlikethoseofamodernpinniped.Thelegswerecertainlyfunctionalbothonlandandatsea.Thewhaleretainedatailandlackedafluke,themajormeansoflocomotioninmoderncetaceans.TheStrUCtUreOfthebackboneShoMshowever,thatAmbUlOCetUSSWamIikemodemWhaIeSbymovingtherearPortiOnOfitsbodyUPanddo

13、wn,eventhoughaflukeWaSmissing.ThelargehindlegswereusedforDrOPUlSiOninwater.Onland,whereitprobablybredandgavebirth,AmbulocetusmayhavemovedaroundVerymuchlikeamodernsealion.Itwasundoubtedlyawhalethatlinkedlifeonlandwithlifeatsea.OG-TheOriginsofCetaceans11.Theword“propulsioninthepassageisclosestinmeanin

14、gtoostayingafloatochangingdirectionodecreasingweightomovingforwardParagraph1：Thedeserts,whichalreadyoccupyapproximatelyafourthoftheEarthslandsurface,haveinrecentdecadesbeenincreasingatanalarmingpace.Theexpansionofdesert-likeconditionsintoareaswheretheydidnotPreVioUSlyexistiscalleddesertification.Ith

15、asbeenestimatedthatanadditionalone-fourthoftheEarthslandsurfaceisthreatenedbythisprocess.OG-DesertFormation.Theword“threatenedinthepassageisclosestinmeaningtoOrestrictedoendangeredopreventedorejectedParagraph5:Thereislittledoubt,however,thatdesertificationinmostareasresultsprimarilyfromhumanactiitie

16、sratherthannaturalprocesses.Thesemiaridlandsborderingthedesertsexistinadelicateecologicalbalanceandarelimitedintheirpotentialtoadjusttoincreasedenvironmentalpressures.Expandingpopulationsaresubjectingthelandtoincreasingpressurestoprovidethemwithfoodandfuel.Inwetperiods,thelandmaybeabletorespondtothe

17、sestresses.Duringthedryperiodsthatarecommonphenomenaalongthedesertmargins,though,thepressureonthelandisoftenfarinexcessofitsdiminishedcapacity,anddesertificationresults.OG-DesertFormation3.Theword“delicate”inthepassageisclosestinmeaningtoofragileOpredictableOcomplexevaluableParagraph6:Fourspecificac

18、tivitieshavebeenidentifiedasmajorcontributorstothedesertificationprocesses:overcultivation,overgrazing,firewoodgathering,andoverirrigation.ThecultivationofcropshasexpandedintoDrOgreSSiVelydrierregionsaspopulationdensitieshavegrorn.Theseregionsareespeciallylikelytohaveperiodsofseveredryness,sothatcro

19、pfailuresarecommon.Sincetheraisingofmostcropsnecessitatesthepriorremovalofthenaturalvegetation,cropfailuresleaveextensivetractsoflanddevoidOfaplantcoverandsusceptibletowindandwatererosion.OG-DesertFormation5.Theword“progressively”inthepassageisclosestinmeaningtooopenlyOimpressivelyOobjectivelyOincre

20、asingly7.Thephrase“devoidofinthepassageisclosestinmeaningtoOconsistingofchiddenby0exceptforclackinginParagraph3:Exhibitors,however,wantedtomaximizetheirprofits,whichtheycoulddomorereadilybyprojectingahandfuloffilmstohundredsofcustomersatatime(ratherthanoneatatime)andbycharging25to50centsadmission.Ab

21、outayearaftertheopeningofthefirstKinetoscopeparlorin1894,ShowmensuchasLouisandAugusteLumiere,ThomasArmatandCharlesFrancisJenkins,andOrvilleandWoodvilleLatham(withtheassistanceofEdisonsformerassistant,WilliamDickson)perfectedprojectiondevices.Theseearlyprojectiondeviceswereusedinvaudevilletheaters,le

22、gitimatetheaters,localtornhalls,makeshiftstorefronttheaters,fairgrounds,andamusementparkstoshowfilmstoamassaudience.OG-EarlyCinema4Theword“readilyinthepassageisclosestinmeaningtoofrequentlyoeasilyOintelligentlyoobviously5.TheworduassistanceinthepassageisclosestinmeaningtoOcriticismoleadershipohelpoa

23、pprovalParagraph6:Withtheadventofprojection,theviewersrelationshipwiththeimagewasnolongerprivate,asithadbeenwithearlierpeepshowdevicessuchastheKinetoscopeandtheMutoscope,whichwasasimilarmachinethatreproducedmotionbymeansofsuccessiveimagesonindividualphotographiccardsinsteadofonstripsofcelluloid.Itsu

24、ddenlybecamepublicanexperiencethattheviewersharedwithdozens,scores,andevenhundredsofothers.Atthesametime,theimagethatthespectatorlookedatexpandedfromtheminusculepeepshowdimensionsof1or2inches(inheight)tothelife-sizeproportionsof6or9feet.OG-EarlyCinema11.Theworduexpandedinthepassageisclosestinmeaning

25、to0wasenlargedowasimprovedowasvariedowasrejectedParagraph5:ThePsychoclynamicApproach.Theoristsadoptingthepsychodynamicapproachholdthatinnerconflictsarecrucialforunderstandinghumanbehavior,includingaggression.SigmundFreud,forexample,believedthataggressiveimpulsesarcinevitablereactionstothefrustration

26、sofdailylife.Childrennormallydesiretoventaggressiveimpulsesonotherpeople,includingtheirparents,becauseeventhemostattentiveparentscannotgratifyalloftheirdemandsimmediately.Yetchildren,alsofearingtheirparentspunishmentandthelossofparentallove,cometorepressmostaggressiveimpulses.TheFreudianperspective,

27、inasense:seesusassteamengines.Byholdinginratherthanventingsteam,wesetthestageforfutureexplosions.Pent-upaggressiveimpulsesdemandoutlets.Thtymaybeexpressedtowardparentsinindirectwayssuchasdestroyingfurniture,ortheymaybeexpressedtowardstrangerslaterinlife.OG-Aggression3. Theword“inevitableinthepassage

28、isclosestinmeaningtoOunavoidableOregrettableOcontrollableOunsuitable4. Thewordttgratify,inthepassageisclosestinmeaningtooidentify0modifyosatisfysimplifyParagraph8:Onecognitivetheorysuggeststhataggravatingandpainfuleventstriggerunpleasantfeelings.Thesefeelings,inturn,canleadtoaggressiveaction,butnota

29、utomatically.Cognitivefactorsintervene.PeopledecidewhethertheyWillactaggressivelyornotonthebasisoffactorssuchastheirexperienceswithaggressionandtheirinterpretationofotherpeople,smotives.Supportingevidencecomesfromresearchshowingthataggressivepeopleoftendistortotherpeople,smotives.Forexample,theyassu

30、methatotherpeoplemeanthemharmwhentheydonot.OG-Aggression10. Theword“distort”inthepassageisclosestinmeaningtoomistrustOmisinterpretocriticize0resentParagraph3：Thefactorychangedthat.Goodsproducedbyfactorieswerenotasfinishedorelegantasthosedonebyhand,andprideincraftsmanshipgavewaytothepressuretoincreas

31、eratesofproductivity.Thenewmethodsofdoingbusinessinvolvedanewandstrictersenseoftime.Factorylifenecessitatedamoreregimentedschedule,whereworkbeganatthesoundofabellandworkerskeptmachinesgoingataconstantpace.Atthesametime,workerswererequiredtodiscardoldhabits,forindustrialismdemandedaworkerwhowasalert,

32、dependable,andself-disciplined.AbsenteeismandlatenesshurtProdUCtiVityand,sinceworkwasspecialized,disruptedtheregularfactoryroutine.Industrializationnotonlyproducedafundamentalchangeinthewayworkwasorganized;ittransformedtheverynatureofwork.OG-ArtisansandIndustrialization3.Theworddisruptedinthepassage

33、isclosestinmeaningtooprolongedOestablishedof11owedoupsetParagraph5:Inthisnewlyemergingeconomicorder,workerssometimesorganizedtoprotecttheirrightsandtraditionalwaysoflife.Craftworkerssuchascarpenters,printers,andtailorsformedunions,andin1834individualunionscametogetherintheNationalTrades1Union.Thelab

34、ormovementIatheredSomemomentuminthedecadebeforethePanicof1837,butinthedepressionthatfollowed,labor,sstrengthcollapsed.Duringhardtimes,fewworkerswerewillingtostrike*orengageincollectiveaction.Andskilledcraftworkers,whoSPearheadedtheunionmovement,didnotfeelaparticularlystrongbondwithsemiskilledfactory

35、workersandunskilledlaborers.Morethanadecadeofagitationdidfinallybringaworkdayshortenedto10hourstomostindustriesbythe1850s,andthecourtsalsorecognizedworkersrighttostrike,butthesegainshadlittleimmediateimpact.OG-ArtisansandIndustrialization7.Thewordspearheadedinthepassageisclosestinmeaningtooledoaccep

36、tedochangedresistedParagraph1:Tunas,mackerels,andbillfishes(marlins,sailfishes,andswordfish)swimcontinuously.Feeding,courtship,reproduction,andevenrestarecarriedoutwhileinconstantmotion.Asaresult,practicallyeveryaspectofthebodyformandfunctionoftheseSWimmingmachinesisadaptedtoenhancetheirabilitytoswi

37、m.OG-SwimmingMachines1.Theword“enhance”inthepassageisclosestinmeaningtoouseoimproveOcounteractobalanceParagraph4:Tunas,mackerels,andbillfisheshaveevenmoreSOPhiStiCatedadaptationsthanthesetoimprovetheirhydrodynamics.Thelongbillofmarlins,sailfishes,andswordfishprobablyhelpsthemslipthroughthewater.Many

38、supersonicaircrafthaveasimilarneedleatthenose.OG-SwimmingMachines4.Theword“sophisticated”inthepassageisclosestinmeaningtoocomplexoamazingocreativeopracticalParagraph7:OnePOtentialDroblemisthatOPeningthemouthtobreathedetractsfromtheStreamIiningOfthesefishesandtendstoSIoWthemdown.Somespeciesoftunahave

39、specializedgroovesintheirtongue.ItisthoughtthatthesegrooveshelptoCharmelwaterthroughthemouthandoutthegillslits,therebyreducingwaterresistance.OG-SwimmingMachines8.Theword“channelinthepassageisclosestinmeaningtooreduceoremoveodirectoprovideParagraph:ThedevelopmentofthemodernpresidencyintheUnitedState

40、sbeganWithAndrewJacksonwhoswepttopowerin1829attheheadoftheDemocraticPartyandserveduntil1837.Duringhisadministration,heimmeasurablyenlargedthepowerofthepresidency.ThePresidentisthedirectrepresentativeoftheAmericanpeople,helecturedtheSenatewhenitopposedhim.Hewaselectedbythepeople,andisresponsibletothe

41、m.1*Withthisdeclaration,Jacksonredefinedthecharacterofthepresidentialofficeanditsrelationshiptothepeople.OG-Nineteenth-CenturyPoliticsintheUnitedStates1.ThewordimmeasurablyinthepassageisclosestinmeaningtoofrequentlyogreatlyorapidlyOreportedlyParagraph4:WhigSandDemocratsdifferednotonlyintheirattitude

42、stowardthemarketbutalsoabouthowactivethecentralgovernmentshouldbeinpeopleslives.DespiteAndrewJacksonsinclinationtobeastrongPresident,Democratsasarulebelievedinlimitedgovernment.Governmentsroleintheeconomywastopromotecompetitionbydestroyingmonopoliesandspecialprivileges.InkeepingWiththisphilosophyofl

43、imitedgovernment,Democratsalsorejectedtheideathatmoralbeliefswerethepropersphereofgovernmentaction.Religionandpolitics,theybelieved,shouldbekeptclearlyseparate,andtheygenerallyopposedhumanitarianlegislation.【OG-Nineteenth-CenturyPoliticsintheUnitedStates6.Theword“inclinationinthepassageisclosestinme

44、aningtooargumentOtendencyoexampleowarningParagraph5:TheWhigs,incontrast,viewedgovernmentpowerpositively.Theybelievedthatitshouldbeusedtoprotectindividualrightsandpublicliberty,andthatithadaspecialrolewhereindividualeffortwasineffective.Byregulatingtheeconomyandcompetition,thegovernmentcouldensureequ

45、alopportunity.Indeed,forWhigstheConCePtofgovernmentpromotingthegeneralwelfarewentbeyondtheeconomy.Inparticular,WhigsinthenorthernsectionsoftheUnitedStatesalsobelievedthatgovernmentpowershouldbeusedtofosterthemoralwelfareofthecountry.Theyweremuchmorelikelytofavorsocial-reformlegislationandaidtoeducat

46、ion.OG-Nineteenth-CenturyPoliticsintheUnitedStates8. Theword“conceDt”inthepassageisclosestinmeaningto0powerorealityodifficultyoideaParagraph1:Joyandsadnessareexperiencedbypeopleinallculturesaroundtheworld,buthowcanwetellwhenotherpeoplearehappyordespondent?Itturnsoutthattheexpressionofmanyemotionsmay

47、beuniversal.Smilingisapparentlyauniversalsignoffriendlinessandapproval.Baringtheteethinahostileway,asnotedbyCharlesDarwininthenineteenthcentury,maybeauniversalsignofanger.Astheoriginatorofthetheoryofevolution,Danvinbelievedthattheuniversalrecognitionoffacialexpressionswouldhavesunivalvalue.Forexampl

48、e,facialexpressionscouldsignaltheapproachofenemies(orfriends)intheabsenceoflanguage.OG-TheExpressionofEmotions.Theword“despondent”inthepassageisclosestinmeaningtoocuriousounhappyOthoughtfulouncertainParagraph2：MostinvestigatorsCOnCUrthatcertainfacialexpressionssuggestthesameemotionsinallpeople.Moreover,peopleindiverseculturesrecognizetheemotionsmanifestedbythefacialexpressions.InclassicresearchPaulEkmantookphotographsofpeopleexhibitingtheemotionsofanger,disgust,fear,happiness,andsadness.Hethenaskedpeoplea