First Report of Powdery Mildew of Clematis manshurica CausedErysiphe aquilegiae in China.docx

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1、FirstReportofPowderyMi1.dewofC1.ematismanshuncaCausedbyErysipheaqui1.egiaeinChinaIntroductionCIetfWtismanshuricaPupr.isperennia1.herbintheRanuncu1.aceaefami1.y,andiswide1.ydistributedinthenorthcastofChina.Thedriedrtandrhizomesofthep1.antsnamedWei1.ingxiufintheChinesePha11nacox)eia.isx)pu1.ar1.yuseda

2、sanantiinf1.ammatory,antitumor,ana1.gesicagentintraditiona1.ChinesemedicineforthousandsofyearsinAsia.InAugustof2013,apowderymi1.dewonC1.emuiismanshuricawasobservedinMedicina1.HerbGardenofShenyangAgricu1.tura1.Universityin1.iaoningprovinceofChina.Thus,theaimofthisworkwastoidentifythecausa1.agentofthe

3、powdcrj,mi1.dewobservedonC1.ematismanshuricainChina.IncidenceofPowderyMi1.dewofC1.emaiismanshuricawasinvestigated,anddiseasedp1.antswereco1.Icctcd.Thcseverityofthediseasewasratedinter11sofpercentageofinfected1.eavesamongI(X)1.eavesobservedwithfiverep1.icates.The1.eve1.ofincidenceandseverityweresigni

4、ficant1.ydifferent.IncidenceOfsevere1.yinfectedp1.antswasnear1.y1(X)%,meanwhi1.e(heincidenceoftheremainingp1.antswas1.owerjustunder5%.SymptomFig.I.Signsofpowderymi1.dewonC1.enisHianxhuricaThefungiinfectedmain1.ythe1.eaves,thesta1.ksandpetio1.escana1.sobeinfectedinsevereinfections.Symptomsinitia1.1.y

5、appearedascircu1.artoirregu1.ar,thin,whiteco1.onies,whichsubsequent1.ydeve1.opedintodense,whitehyphaeandconidiaonbo【hsidesof1.eavesandyoungstems,especia1.1.yontheadaxia1.surface.Andinfected1.eavesbecamegray1.esionsbeneathfunga1.co1.onies.Asthediseaseprogressed.Infectionsusua1.1.ycausedye1.1.owingoft

6、he1.eavesandpetio1.esandprematuredcfo1.ia1.ion.Onoccasion,severe1.yma1.formation（七叫不能展开）onyoung1.eavesandpetio1.eswereobserved.Morpho1.oMiCH1.CharacterizationSuperficia1.hyphae（菌丝）thin-wa1.1.ed,hya1.ine,branched,septate,straighttof1.exuous,3-611wide.APPreSSOria（附着胞）onthemyce1.iumwerewe1.1.deve1.oped

7、1.obed.so1.itary,orinoppositepairs.Conidiophorcs（分生J子梗）producedfromtheexterna1.primarymyce1.iumwerehya1.ine,erect,smooth.70to1158to10m.andcomposedof3to4ce1.1.s.FOo1.ce1.1.s（足细胞）oftheCreCtCondiophorcswerest11ighttosubstraight,cy1.indrica1.,andre1.ative1.yshort.19.2to27.8X6.5to8.6n（average23.37.7m）.C

8、onidia（分生Ifi子）formedsing1.yattheapexoftheconidiophore,andwerehya1.ine,cy1.indrica1.,sing1.e,andmeasured3i.Ito48.212.9to17.6m（average37.115.6m）.Germtubes（芽管）terminatinginamoderate1.yIobedapressoriunwereproducedtermina1.1.y.C1.cistothccia（闭囊壳）wereobservedmost1.yonthe1.owersurfacesof1.eaves,sta1.ksandp

9、etio1.es.A1.maturity,Iheyweregregarious,darkamberandspherica1.withadiameterof92.9to151.0m（average121.4m）,EachChasmothcciumcontainedsixsta1.kedasci（averagesize63.735.9m）.Eachascuscontainedfoure1.1.ipsoidascosporesthatmeasured17.3to26.4X10.9to15.6m（average23.3X12.8m）.Ascospores（子妻胞子）OVOid-CHiPSoid.14-

10、22x8-12m.subhya1.inc.ThefunguswasdeterminedtobeErysiphe（IqUiIeRiae1.）C.Vanranuncu1.i（GreVJZhang&Chen.Sydowiaonthebasisofconidia!ontogeny,footce1.1.andconidia1.sizeandmorpho1.ogy,shapeofapprcssoriun.DNAextraction,amp1.ification,andPhy1.ogeneticAna1.ysisToconfirmtheidentification,theinterna1.transcrib

11、edspacer(ITS)regionofrDNAwasamp1.ifiedusingPrinKNITS4ITS6(ITS5andP3)(G1andEd2)(G1.andOn2)(SIandS2)andsequenceddirect1.y.Theresu1.ting602-bp462-bp.553-bp)sequencewasdepositedinGenBank(AccessionNo.EUI4095SorKC862331).Phy1.ogeneiicana1.ysiswaspertbrmedusingMEGA4WiIhtheneighbor-joiningneihrev.)Z1.iang&C

12、hen,Syd(xtia.PathogenicityPathogenicitywasconfirmedthroughinocu1.ationbygent1.ydustingconidia(C1.eiSIotheCiaorAscospores)onto1.eavesoffivehea1.thy,pottedC1.ematisIiianshuricap1.ants.Fivenon-inocu1.atedp1.antsSCrVCdasacontro1.treatment.P1.antsweremaintainedinagreenhouseat22to25andabout70%to80%re1.ati

13、vehumidityundernatura1.day1.ight.Typica1.symptomsofPoWdCrymi1.dewoninocu1.atedp1.antswerereproducedafter7days,whereascontro1.p1.antsremainedhea1.thy.Thefunguspresentontheinocu1.atedp1.antswasidentica1.morpho1.ogica1.1.ytothatorigina1.1.yobsenedonthediseasedp1.ants,fu1.fi1.1.ingKochsPOSIUIa1.cs.Discu

14、ssionThepowderymi1.dewcausedbyE.(iquHefiehasbeendistributedmain1.yin11ng1.aui,ChinaandJapan(中I同其雨志)andsoon.Andmorerecent1.yinAustra1.iaitwasreportedonCatharanthusroseuswhichisa1.sointheRanuncu1.aceaefami1.y(FirstrecordofErysipheastouisidetheRanuDcuIaceae).Tbourknow1.edge,thisisthefirstreportofpowder

15、ymi1.dewonC1.ematisnanshuricacausedbyE.aquiIegiaeinChina.References:SHISP.JIANGDAN.DONGCX.eta1.1.ignansfromtherootsandrhizomesofC1.ematismanshurica(J.Zei1.schriftfurNatur1.orschung.B,Ajourna1.ofchemica1.sciences,2006.61(10):1299-1303.药过springer数抠蚱(*t阅文献：TriterpenoidsaponinsCommunicaiion15.C1.ematosi

16、deC-AtriterpenoidO1.tgosidefromtherootsofthemanchurianc1.ematis(C1.ematismanshuricaRUPR.)Eryaipheaqi1.egiaeDC.var.ranuncu1.i(Grev.)Zheng&Chen,Sydowia34：302.1981.蕾丝体大多叶的两面生，少数叶面生或叶背生,亦生叶柄和梗上，消失、近存留至存留，展生至形成湾而无定形的斑片;分生抱手大多柱形,少数桶-柱形25.4-)27.9-38.1(-48.3)工(11.4一)12.717.5(-20.3)5；于寰果散生至聚生，深褐色，扁球形，直径(73-)

17、87-112(-125)pn,壁细胞不规则多角形，直径(6.3一)75-188(-25Q)*11:附属丝(5)12-3O(-49)根，一般不分枝，大多弯曲，少数近直，常常明显地曲折状或波状，有时近结节状，长度约为子囊果直径的1一“一5)倍，长(50-)120-350(-560),上下等粗，有时略81细不匀，宽(3.8-)5.0-7.5(.9n,壁蒸，箱包播或平滑，有1-5(-10)个隔膜，裾色，向上渐淡，有的近无色；子囊(2一)4一8(11)个，卵形、不规则卵形，少数广卵形至近球形,有短柄至近无柄,(40.6-)53.3-68.8(-80.0)x(26.5-)35.0-43.8(563)m;子

18、囊抱子(2一)35(6)个，卵一疑圆形、长卵形，带黄色，(16.3-)18.823.8(25.4)X(8.8)10.212.7(14.4)cno54ff1.HtHHf斗S!白粉於KryxrpAtfaqtit1.fgiaeDC.vir.ranHnen1.t(GrE)Zheng&Chen*2附属戊，3于加千用子,4分生电于。(标本35088)鸟头Aconitumcarmchat1.Debx：四川安县（40240）。乌头IKAconitep.：新事巩留（40242）；四川安县（40243）。打破碗花花Anemonehufnhmnt1.cm.;湖北马埠山（40244）。秋牡丹Anemonehupehe

19、nnt1.ctn.vr.aponicaBow1.eihSteam：四川杂谷脑（13804）,技川（13803）、康定（24950）。草玉梅Anemonenvu1.anBuch.-Ham.：浙江莫干山（40245）。银莲花耳和5。0，sp.：新疆巩8?（40246）。驴蜀草Ca1.thopauirrh1.：甘肃临夏（40247）。短尾铁线莲C1.ematitbrercaudataDC.：山西五台山（40248）。铁线莲属C1.emetitip.：四川康定（24951）。黄连CoptisChinentifFrinch.：四川南川（40249）。天山翠雀花De1.phiniumttanshanicu

20、mW.T.W,ng：新乌鱼木齐（40250）。白头翕Pttiiati1.1.achnenat（Bunge）Rege1.：映西洛川（40251%毛茂属Rununcui1.usp.：新巩窗（40252,40253）新（40254）o55Aconitum.Anemone.Ca1.tha,C1.ematis,Coptis.Pu1.sati1.1.a.Kanuncui1.us.Tha1.ictrum.高山唐松草ThaharUma1.ptnum1.:新曲巩宙（40255）。唐松草Tfia1.tctrumaquiegfoJtum1.var11hrtcumRegri&Ti1.ing：山西五台山（40256）。

21、狭序树松草Thehctrumamp1.e*Finct&Gagnep.：四川米亚罗（35087,35088）。小叶唐松草ThahctrumCo1.iinumWi1.1.r.;新疆阿勒泰（40257）,新疆（40258）。偏翅唐松草Thahctrumde1.avayiFrench.：云南昆明Q2162%香唐松草Thahctrumfocttdum1.：新电哈巴河（40259）。寤慕唐松电Thabctrumpeta1.adeum1.：北京百花山（40260）。网脉唐松草ThaIiarUmretcu1.atumFnnch.;云南大理（OOO47）。箭头唐松草Tha1.tctrumamp1.e*1.;育海

22、乐都（40261）。东亚患松草Tha1.ic1.rumthunberguDC.;北京（40262）。患松草减Tha1.,arump.：北京百花山（40263）；山西五台山（40264）、山西（40265）；ErysipheCiqui1.egiaeDC.Var.ranuncu1.i（Grev.）Zhang&Chen,Sydowia据戴芳澜（1979）,这个变种（在Efpkpo1.ygon.DC.名下）的国内寄主还可能有棘铁战莲C1.ematumandthuncaRupr.,韦氏毛良Ranuncu1.uivernytFranch.&Sav.,小唐松草Tha1.,arummtnu,1.；国内分布还可能有吉林和台湾省。Eryeiphepo1.ygoniDC-白99世界分布：中国、日本、印度、苏联、芬兰、波兰、英国（苏格兰）、罗马尼亚、搦或、新西兰、瑞典、奥地利、民主德国、联邦德国，以及其他国家。1芳澜中国j曲总汇1979科学出版社138页:图51建白酚用Bryttphtpo1.ygon!DC.】.子鎏果，2.附属经,3.于妻和子寰抱于，4.分生抱子梗和分生用于。（标本40223）中国真菌志p1.20