汽车防追尾控制系统毕业设计论文.doc
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1、华北科技学院毕业设计(论文)毕业设计(论文)汽车防追尾控制系统目录设计总说明IIntroductionIII1 绪论11.1设计目的和意义11.2设计内容12课题设计分析22.1行车安全距离的概念22.2 系统设计的总思想22.3 设计方框图43 STC89C52单片机硬件电路设计63.1 单片机最小系统63.1.1 最小系统原理图63.1.2晶振电路73.1.3 复位电路83.2 超声波测速测距电路设计93.2.1 几种测距的介绍93.2.2 超声波发射电路113.2.3超声波接收133.3 声光报警电路设计163.3.1 报警电路163.3.2 光提示电路173.4 1602LCD显示电路
2、设计173.4.1 字符型液晶显示器的显示原理173.4.2 液晶1602LCD简介173.4.3 1602LCD工作原理193.5DAC0808控制电路设计213.5.1控制电路的工作原理213.5.2 芯片DAC0808工作原理223.6稳压电源电路设计243.6.1 稳压电源的技术指标243.6.2 器件的选择253.6.3 稳压电源工作原理273.7 STC89C52的简介283.7.1 STC89C52单片机的特点283.7.2 STC89C52 单片机的结构283.7.3 STC89C52的管脚功能说明304 STC89C52单片机的软件部分334.1 总体流程图334.2超声波控
3、制及计算车距部分344.3 控制车速度部分355 结论375.1 总结375.2建议37参考文献38附录391程序清单392总体电路图47致谢48 设计总说明自20 世纪60 年代以来, 汽车技术已经步入了电子技术时代。品种繁多的传感器、电子控制单元、微处理器、存储器、I /O 接口、执行机构、显示器和设计软件等广泛应用于汽车设计制造领域, 实现了极为复杂的多元控制功能, 从而极大地推进了汽车技术性能的提升。在汽车使用安全方面, 目前, 应用最为广泛的是汽车防抱死制动系统(ABS) 。它是汽车上的一种主动安全装置, 用于汽车制动时防止车轮抱死拖滑, 以及提高汽车制动过程中的方向稳定性、转向控制
4、能力和缩短制动距离, 充分发挥汽车的制动效能。以电子防抱死制动控制技术为代表的一大批新兴技术的应用, 使汽车无论在使用和驾驶的安全性上, 还是在日常的技术维护上, 都得到了很大的改进。随着人们物质生活水平的不断提高, 追求更加安全、更加舒适的驾乘已经成为一种趋势。因此, 进一步发展汽车电子技术, 尤其是应用一些新兴的传感器技术, 以达到汽车性能的最优化, 最大程度地发挥汽车驾、乘、载的功能。在整个道路交通事故中,汽车追尾事故约占70%以上,有些大的群死群伤恶性交通事故,开始是由于追尾剐蹭引起的。所以,人们越来越认识到防止追尾事故的重要性。道路交通事故是现代社会的一大公害,与之相关的先进安全技术
5、研究日益受到重视。基于智能交通系统的汽车防撞系统是先进安全技术的一项重要内容,国内外相继开展了相关的研究,但迄今为止在该领域还存在许多尚未解决的问题。本文探讨和研究了一种智能化的汽车防撞系统,在正常行驶时,该系统不报警,当自车与前车之间的距离小于所设定的安全距离并有可能发生碰撞时,该系统将发出报警信息并自动采取措施,以避免碰撞事故的发生。近年来,道路交通安全形势越来越严峻,交通事故给家庭、集体和国家都带来了巨大的损失,已成为世界性的严重问题。统计资料表明,在众多的高速公路交通事故中,追尾碰撞引起的事故占最多数,因此,研发一种高性能的汽车追尾防撞预警系统成为迫切的需要。本文参考了相关参考数据,按
6、照汽车在制动过程中的运动状态建立了比较实用、简单的安全距离模型。文中探讨了超声波测距测速的电路设计和软件设计。高速公路汽车防撞系统的研究符合国内外汽车智能化的发展趋势,该系统的应用可以保证高速运行车辆的安全性,提高公路运输效率,具有广泛的应用前景和经济前景。本文探讨和研究了一种高速公路汽车防撞系统,这是一种主动安全系统。在正常行驶时,该系统不报警,当后车与前车之间的距离小于所设定的安全距离并有可能发生碰撞时,该系统将发出报警信息,提醒驾驶员采取相应的措施,以避免碰撞事故的发生。论文参考了国内外诸多汽车防撞模型及研究成果,从动力学和运动学两方面详细分析了汽车的制动过程,根据汽车的运动状态建立了比
7、较实用、简单的汽车防撞预警模型。通过对追尾碰撞事故原因的分析,提出了系统设计要求并确定了系统的设计方案。整个系统由各种传感器、数据采集电路、声光报警电路、液晶显示电路等组成,详细介绍了超声波传感器和超声波测距原理以及基于52单片机的测距原理。以CX20106 为核心实现超声波的发射与接收,采用单片机外部中断查询相应信号并实现一系列操作。为了避开超声波从发射探头到接收探头的“敏感时间”,采用了“延时接收”的方法。测距结果将通过1602液晶显示出来。论文对系统所需传感器进行了分析、比较和选型;调试了系统硬件部分;采用C语言编写了系统软件,并将此软件在硬件上进行了调试;论文针对系统应用的环境,从软件
8、和硬件两方面对系统进行了可靠性设计,从而使系统更加稳定可靠。最后,论文还通过实验对系统各项功能进行了考察,实验表明系统声光报警、抑制报警、液晶显示等各项功能基本实现了系统的设计要求。关键字: 超声传感器,超声测距,单片机,液晶显示,声光报警IntroductionSince the 1960 s, car technology has entered into electronic technology age. A wide variety of sensors, the electronic control unit, micro processor, memory and I/O int
9、erface, actuators, display and design software and widely used in car design manufacturing field, realize the extremely complex multivariate control function, thus greatly promote the performance of the car technology promotion. In car use security, at present, the most widely used car is ABS (ABS).
10、 It is on the car a active safety device, used in automobile braking prevent wheel lock drag slippery, and improve the car braking process of the direction stability, steering control ability and shorten the braking distance, give full play to the automobile braking performance.In electronic antiloc
11、k brake braking control technology as a representative of a large number of new technology of application, make no matter use and driving car in the safety, or in daily maintenance of technology, have been improved greatly. As people material life level unceasing enhancement, the pursuit of more sec
12、ure, more comfortable ride has become a trend. Therefore, further development of automobile electronic technology, especially the application of some new sensor technology, in order to achieve the performance of optimization, maximize a car driving, take in the function,.In the whole road traffic ac
13、cident, rear-end accident about 70% above, some big group of die group of injury malignant traffic accident, is due to start tracing cauda cut ceng cause. So, people are more and more understanding to prevent the importance of behind accident.The traffic safety condition is becoming increasingly ser
14、ious in recent years. The traffic accidents have become a worldwide problem, which make great lost to the families and country. The statistic shows that the accidents resulted from Rear-end Collision are in the majority among the accidents in expressway. The statistic shows that the Rear-end Collisi
15、on is of the majority in all expressway accidents. Therefore it becomes an urgent necessity to develop a high-performanced Collision Warning System.In recent years, the road traffic safety situation more and more severe, traffic accidents to the family, the collective and the country has brought a h
16、uge loss, has become a worldwide serious problem. Statistics show that, in many of the expressway traffic accident, behind collision accident caused by the largest number, therefore, research and development of a kind of high performance car tracing cauda bull warning system become urgent need.This
17、article referred to the related reference data, according to the sports car braking process in state established a practical, simple safety distance model. This paper discusses ultrasonic ranging speed traps circuit design and software design. The highway of the automotive anti-collision system rese
18、arch at home and abroad with the trend of the development of automobile intelligent, application of the system can guarantee the safety of the high-speed operation vehicles, improve road transportation efficiency, and has a broad prospect of application and economic prospects.This paper discusses an
19、d study a highway car crash system, this is a kind of active safety system. In normal driving, this system not alarm, when the car from driving after the distance between the set by less than a safe distance and may the collisions, the system will alarm information, remind drivers to take correspond
20、ing measures to avoid collision accident.The paper reference the domestic and foreign many car crash model and research results from two aspects of kinematics and dynamics of a detailed analysis on the automobile braking process, based on the state of motion established a practical, simple automotiv
21、e anti-collision early warning model. Through to the analysis of the reason behind collision accident , and puts forward the design requirements and determined the system design scheme of the system. The whole system from various kinds of sensors, data acquisition circuit, sound and light alarm circ
22、uit, liquid crystal display circuit and other components, detailed introduces the ultrasonic sensor and ultrasonic metering distance principle based on the single chip microcomputer and 52 metering distance principle. CX20106 as the core to realize the ultrasonic emitting and receiving , USES the mo
23、nolithic external interrupt signal and implement a series of query this operation. In order to avoid ultrasonic probe from the launch to receive probe sensitive time, the delay receiving method. The results will be through the 1602 range liquid crystal display. Papers on the sensor system required m
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