融资约束外部审计与研发投入基于A股上市公司的经验证据.docx
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1、融资约束、外部审计与研发投入基于A股上市公司的经验证据摘 要创新是支持国家经济发展的重要动力,特别是在当前我国经济步入新常态的背景下,创新的重要性日益突出。国家创新水平的提高,离不开研发投入的支持。但是同发达国家相比,我国的研发投入强度还有着很大的提升空间。由于研发活动具有不确定性高、风险性大等特点,企业在开展研发活动时主要依赖内源融资,从而限制了企业研发投入水平,因此要想鼓励企业开展研发活动,就需要保障企业的外源融资,降低企业的融资约束程度。企业的融资约束问题主要来源于企业与投资者、债权人之间的信息不对称,而外部审计的信号传递作用,可以减少信息不对称,从而缓解企业的融资约束,进而提高企业的研
2、发投入。通过对文献的梳理发现,目前不少关于融资约束对企业研发投入的影响、外部审计对企业融资约束的影响方面的研究,但尚无关于融资约束、外部审计与企业研发投入之间关系的研究。因此,本文就外部审计在融资约束与研发投入中的调节作用以及这一调节作用在不同的市场化程度、产权性质、企业规模下的显著性进行研究,以期为解决我国企业研发投入融资约束限制问题提供新的思路。本文首先回顾了相关文献综述,并界定了相关概念。其次,基于信息不对称理论、代理理论、融资优序理论以及信号传递理论,对于融资约束对研发投入的影响以及外部审计的调节作用机理展开了理论分析,并在此基础之上提出了本文的基本假设。接着,本文选取20132017
3、年A股制造业上市公司的数据,以研发投入占总资产的比重来度量企业的研发投入作为被解释变量,以KZ指数来度量企业的融资约束程度作为解释变量,按事务所年度综合得分排名前十的事务所所出具标准无保留审计意见来度量高质量的外部审计作为调节变量,构建了多元回归模型并进行了实证分析。实证结果显示:企业面临的融资约束程度越严重,企业研发投入的支出就越少;通过由高质量的会计师事务所提供标准无保留审计意见,可以降低融资约束对研发投入的限制。接着,本文进一步按市场化程度、产权性质、企业规模分别对样本进行分组分析发现:外部审计在融资约束对研发投入的限制中的缓解作用,在市场化程度较低的地区、非国有企业,以及小规模企业中更
4、为显著。为了检验模型的稳定性,外部审计改用按收入排名前十的事务所出具的审计意见,重新设定KZ指数进行了进一步检验,结果表明本文的研究结论具备稳健性。最后,基于实证分析得出的结果,提出了如下建议:(1)提升金融业发展水平,保障企业外部融资渠道;(2)加强注册会计师行业建设,发挥审计信号传递作用;(3)减少信贷歧视,硬化预算约束,强化监管;(4)注重对小规模企业的帮扶。关键词:研发投入;融资约束;外部审计AbstractInnovation is an important driving force to support national economic development, especia
5、lly in the current context of Chinas economy entering the new normal, the importance of innovation is increasingly prominent. The improvement of national innovation level is inseparable from the support of R & D investment. However, compared with the developed countries, the R & D investment intensi
6、ty in China still has a lot of room for improvement. Due to the high uncertainty and high risk of R & D activities, enterprises mainly rely on internal financing when carrying out R & D activities, which limits the level of R & D investment of enterprises. Therefore, to encourage enterprises to carr
7、y out R & D activities, it is necessary to guarantee external financing of enterprises and reduce the degree of financing constraints of enterprises. The problem of financing constraints of enterprises mainly comes from the information asymmetry between enterprises, investors and creditors. The sign
8、al transmission function of external audit can reduce the information asymmetry, so as to ease the financing constraints of enterprises, and then improve the R & D investment of enterprises. Through the literature review, it is found that there are many researches on the impact of financing constrai
9、nts on R & D investment and the impact of external audit on corporate financing constraints, but there is no research on the relationship between financing constraints, external audit and R & D investment. Therefore, this paper studies the regulatory role of external audit in financing constraints a
10、nd R & D investment and the significance of this regulatory role in different the marketization degree, property rights, and enterprise scale, in order to provide new ideas for solving the problem of R & D investment financing constraints in China. This paper first reviews the relevant literature re
11、view, and defines the relevant concepts. Secondly, based on the information asymmetry theory, agency theory, pecking order theory and signal transmission theory, this paper analyzes the influence of financing constraints on R & D investment and the regulatory mechanism of external audit, and puts fo
12、rward the basic assumption of this paper. Then, this paper selects the data of A-share listed manufacturing companies from 2013to 2017, uses the proportion of R & D investment in total assets to measure the R & D investment of enterprises as the explanatory variable, uses the KZ index to measure the
13、 degree of financing constraints of enterprises as the explanatory variable, measures the high quality of external audit according to the standard unqualified audit opinion issued by the top ten firms with annual comprehensive scores as a moderating variable, constructs a multiple regression model a
14、nd makes an empirical analysis. The results of empirical analysis show that: the more serious the financing constraints faced by enterprises, the less the expenditure of R & D investment; by providing standard unqualified audit opinions by high quality accounting firms, the restrictions of financing
15、 constraints on R & D investment can be reduced. Then, according to the degree of marketization, the nature of property rights, and the scale of enterprises, this paper further analyzes the samples and finds that the role of external audit in easing the restrictions of financing constraints on R & D
16、 investment is more significant in regions with low marketization, non-state-owned enterprises, and small-scale enterprises. In order to test the stability of the model, the external audit uses the audit opinion issued by the top ten firms in terms of income, and the financing constraint uses the re
17、set KZ index for further testing. The results show that the research conclusions of this paper are robust. Finally, based on the results of empirical analysis, the following suggestions are put forward: (1) improve the development level of the financial industry and guarantee the external financing
18、channels of enterprises; (2) strengthen the construction of the CPA industry and play the role of audit signal transmission; (3) reduce credit discrimination, harden budget constraints and strengthen supervision; (4) pay attention to the help of small-scale enterprises.KEY WORDS: R & D investment; f
19、inancing constraints; external audit目 录第一章 绪论1第一节 研究背景及意义1一、研究背景1二、研究意义5第二节 文献综述6一、融资约束与研发投入文献综述6二、外部审计与融资约束文献综述10三、文献综述小结12第三节 研究内容与研究方法13一、研究内容及研究框架13二、研究方法14第四节 创新点14一、研究内容较新14二、调节变量及其度量方法较新14三、进行进一步拓展研究15第二章 理论基础16第一节 概念界定16一、研发投入16二、融资约束16三、外部审计17第二节 相关理论18一、信息不对称18二、代理理论20三、融资优序理论21四、信号传递理论23第
20、三节 影响机理25一、融资约束对研发投入的影响25二、外部审计对融资约束与研发投入的作用26三、小结28第三章 实证设计29第一节 假设提出29一、融资约束与研发投入29二、融资约束、外部审计与研发投入29第二节 变量选取及模型设定30一、变量选取30二、模型设定35第三节 样本选取与数据来源36第四章 实证结果与分析38第一节 描述性统计38第二节 相关性分析39第三节 回归分析42一、多重共线性检验42二、固定效应模型的适用性检验42三、异方差检验42四、回归结果43第四节 进一步研究45一、按市场化程度分组讨论45二、按产权性质分组讨论47三、按企业规模分组讨论50第五节 稳健性检验52
21、一、取收入排名前十的事务所审计意见52二、重新构建KZ指数53第五章 结论、建议与展望57第一节 研究结论57第二节 政策建议58一、提升金融业发展水平,保障企业外部融资渠道58二、加强注册会计师行业建设,发挥审计信号传递作用59三、减少信贷歧视,硬化预算约束,强化监管59四、注重小规模企业的帮扶59第三节 不足与展望60一、样本量受限60二、融资约束的度量创新不足60参考文献62致 谢69攻读学位期间发表的学术论文目录71ContentsChapter one Introduction1Section I Research background and significance1One Re
22、search background1Two Research significance5Section Literature review6One Financing constraints and R & D investment review6Two Financing constraints and auditing review10Three Summary of literature review12Section Research contents and methods13One Research content and framework13Two Research metho
23、ds14Section IV Innovation14One Research content is relatively new14Two New methods of adjusting variable and measurement14Three further development and research15Chapter two Theoretical basis16Section Definition of concept16One R & D investment16Two Financing constraints16Three External audit17Secti
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