高考英语二轮复习第一部分语法填空专题二无提示词类试题课件.ppt

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1、专题二无提示词类试题专题二无提示词类试题考点一考点一冠词冠词 冠词是语法填空题的常考点冠词是语法填空题的常考点,所以掌握冠词的用法显得尤为重要。所以掌握冠词的用法显得尤为重要。在语法填空题中在语法填空题中,空格后的名词或者空格后的名词或者“形容词形容词+名词名词”前没有形容词前没有形容词性物主代词、不定代词等限定词时很可能填冠词。性物主代词、不定代词等限定词时很可能填冠词。【典例典例1 1】The adobe dwellings(The adobe dwellings(土坯房土坯房)builtbuilt(build)by the Pueblo (build)by the Pueblo Indi

2、ans of the American Southwest are admired by even Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even most modern of architects and engineers.most modern of architects and engineers.(2015(2015新课标全国新课标全国)答案及剖析答案及剖析:thethe考查冠词的用法。形容词考查冠词的用法。形容词modernmodern之前有之前有mostmost修饰修饰,构成最构成最高级高级,因此此空应该填定冠词因此此空

3、应该填定冠词thethe。【典例典例2 2】Now,years later,this river is one of Now,years later,this river is one of most most outstanding examples of environmental cleanup.outstanding examples of environmental cleanup.(2014(2014新课标全国新课标全国)答案及剖析答案及剖析:thethe根据语境可知根据语境可知,此处应该填定冠词此处应该填定冠词the,the,用在形容词最高级用在形容词最高级之前。之前。【典例典例

4、3 3】Besides,shopping at this time of the year was notBesides,shopping at this time of the year was not pleasant experience.pleasant experience.答案及剖析答案及剖析:a a考查不定冠词表示泛指的用法。根据语境可知考查不定冠词表示泛指的用法。根据语境可知,句中句中experienceexperience表示表示“经历经历,体验体验”,为可数名词。句意为可数名词。句意:另外另外,在每年的这个时在每年的这个时候购物不是一种愉快的经历。候购物不是一种愉快的经历。

5、典例典例4 4】We had We had amazing conversation.amazing conversation.答案及剖析答案及剖析:anan考查不定冠词的用法。句意考查不定冠词的用法。句意:我们进行了一次令人惊异的我们进行了一次令人惊异的谈话。谈话。have a conversationhave a conversation为固定搭配。因为为固定搭配。因为 amazing amazing以元音音素开头以元音音素开头,所以用所以用anan。【典例典例5 5】A young man,while traveling through a desert,came across A y

6、oung man,while traveling through a desert,came across a spring of clear water.a spring of clear water.water was sweet.water was sweet.答案及剖析答案及剖析:TheThe考查定冠词表示特指的用法。根据语境可知考查定冠词表示特指的用法。根据语境可知,后句中的后句中的waterwater指上文提到的指上文提到的“泉水泉水”,”,故填故填TheThe。【典例典例6 6】Dont lose heart.Please have Dont lose heart.Please

7、have second try.second try.答案及剖析答案及剖析:a a根据语境根据语境“不要灰心不要灰心,请再试一次。请再试一次。”可知可知,此处序数词此处序数词secondsecond表示表示“再一再一,又一又一”,其前应填不定冠词其前应填不定冠词a a。名师在线名师在线 语法填空题中多考查冠词的基本用法语法填空题中多考查冠词的基本用法,因此可以采用以下三种因此可以采用以下三种方法方法:(1)(1)翻译法翻译法:可译作可译作“一个一个(本本/座座/杯杯)”)”的的,一般填一般填a/an;a/an;可可 译作译作“这这,这些这些,那些那些”的的,一般填一般填thethe。(2)(2

8、)理解法理解法:泛指填泛指填a/an,a/an,特指填特指填thethe。(3)(3)观察法观察法:若名词后有作定语的介词短语、不定式或从句若名词后有作定语的介词短语、不定式或从句,可能填可能填 thethe。考点二考点二名词名词语法填空题有时考查根据语境填适当的名词语法填空题有时考查根据语境填适当的名词,特别是固定搭配中的名词。特别是固定搭配中的名词。【典例典例1 1】Unbelievable!Oh.,Unbelievable!Oh.,ifif you dont mind,Ill stop and you dont mind,Ill stop and take a deep take a d

9、eep.(2014(2014辽宁辽宁)答案及剖析答案及剖析:breathbreath根据语境可知根据语境可知,此处填名词此处填名词breath,breath,构成短语构成短语take a take a deep breath,deep breath,意思是意思是“深吸一口气深吸一口气”。【典例典例2 2】Oh,dear.I really must be losing my Oh,dear.I really must be losing my.Now,why did.Now,why did I put on my coat?I put on my coat?(2014(2014新课标全国样卷新课

10、标全国样卷)答案及剖析答案及剖析:memory/mindmemory/mind空格设在形容词性物主代词空格设在形容词性物主代词mymy之后之后,而及物动词而及物动词losinglosing缺少宾语缺少宾语,所以判断填名词所以判断填名词;再根据语境确定填再根据语境确定填memory/mind,memory/mind,构成固构成固定搭配定搭配lose ones memory/mind,lose ones memory/mind,表示表示“丧失记忆力丧失记忆力,脑子有毛病脑子有毛病”。【典例典例3 3】Dont make me laugh!Im not working hard,Im going D

11、ont make me laugh!Im not working hard,Im going to take to take of it and have relaxation for two weeks without of it and have relaxation for two weeks without the boss here!the boss here!答案及剖析答案及剖析:advantageadvantage空格设在及物动词空格设在及物动词taketake后后,根据语境可知填名词根据语境可知填名词advantage,advantage,构成固定搭配构成固定搭配take ad

12、vantage of,take advantage of,意为意为“利用利用”。名师在线名师在线(1)(1)根据名词的功能来判断是否需要填名词。根据名词的功能来判断是否需要填名词。名词在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语、同位语、宾语补足语等。名词在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语、同位语、宾语补足语等。(2)(2)根据语境来判断是否需要填名词。根据语境来判断是否需要填名词。名词通常出现在及物动词、形容词、介词以及限定词之后名词通常出现在及物动词、形容词、介词以及限定词之后,做题时可以据做题时可以据 此判断空格处是否需要填名词。此判断空格处是否需要填名词。(3)(3)有时要求根据固定搭配填适当的

13、名词。有时要求根据固定搭配填适当的名词。(4)(4)填名词时填名词时,一定要注意单复数及拼写。一定要注意单复数及拼写。考点三考点三介词介词 语法填空题中语法填空题中,如果空格后是名词、代词、限定词或动词如果空格后是名词、代词、限定词或动词-ing-ing形式形式,且它们且它们不是在句中作主语不是在句中作主语,也不是作动词的宾语时也不是作动词的宾语时,这个空格就很可能是填介词。这是这个空格就很可能是填介词。这是因为因为:1.1.介词必须要接宾语介词必须要接宾语,其宾语可以是名词、代词、动词其宾语可以是名词、代词、动词-ing-ing形式或形式或 whatwhat从句。从句。2.2.名词、代词或动

14、词名词、代词或动词-ing-ing形式在句中通常作主语、动词的宾语或介词的宾语。形式在句中通常作主语、动词的宾语或介词的宾语。既然不作主语既然不作主语,也不作动词的宾语也不作动词的宾语,就应该是作介词的宾语就应该是作介词的宾语,所以填介词。所以填介词。【典例典例1 1】For those who fly to Guilin,its only an hour awayFor those who fly to Guilin,its only an hour away car and offers all the scenery of the better-known city.car and of

15、fers all the scenery of the better-known city.(2015(2015新课标全国新课标全国)答案及剖析答案及剖析:byby考查介词的用法。根据语境可知考查介词的用法。根据语境可知,此处表示交通方式此处表示交通方式,所以所以填介词填介词byby。【典例典例2 2】When a new day breaks,the walls have given up their heat When a new day breaks,the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough and are no

16、w cold enough to coolto cool(cool)the house during the hot (cool)the house during the hot day;day;the same time,they warm up again for the the same time,they warm up again for the night.night.(2015(2015新课标全国新课标全国)答案及剖析答案及剖析:atat考查介词的用法。根据语境可知考查介词的用法。根据语境可知,此处填介词此处填介词at,at,构成短语构成短语at the same time,at

17、 the same time,表示表示“同时同时”。【典例典例3 3】I got a place next I got a place next the window,so I had a good the window,so I had a good view of the sidewalk.view of the sidewalk.(2014(2014新课标全国新课标全国)答案及剖析答案及剖析:toto考查介词的用法。根据语境可知考查介词的用法。根据语境可知,此处填介词此处填介词toto。next tonext to意思是意思是“与与相邻相邻”。【典例典例4 4】Dont laugh Do

18、nt laugh me.I may look funnyme.I may look funny.(2014.(2014辽宁辽宁)答案及剖析答案及剖析:atat根据语境可知根据语境可知,此处构成短语此处构成短语laugh at,laugh at,意思是意思是“嘲笑嘲笑”,填介填介词词atat。【典例典例5 5】But I didnt like leaving himBut I didnt like leaving himhis own either.his own either.答案及剖析答案及剖析:onon句意句意:但我也不想让他一个人待着。但我也不想让他一个人待着。on ones ownon

19、 ones own独自。独自。【典例典例6 6】His teacher took a deep drink,smiled warmly,and thanked his His teacher took a deep drink,smiled warmly,and thanked his student very much for the sweet water.The young man went homestudent very much for the sweet water.The young man went home a a happy heart.happy heart.答案及剖析

20、答案及剖析:withwith根据句意根据句意“这个年轻人高高兴兴地回家了这个年轻人高高兴兴地回家了”可知填可知填withwith。【典例典例7 7】When Jane got home,her parents were already When Jane got home,her parents were already table table having supper.having supper.答案及剖析答案及剖析:atat根据语境及介词的固定搭配可知用根据语境及介词的固定搭配可知用at,at tableat,at table表示表示“坐在桌边吃坐在桌边吃饭饭”。名师在线名师在线 在判断

21、可能填介词之后在判断可能填介词之后,要根据具体的语境来确定填哪个介词要根据具体的语境来确定填哪个介词,特别是根据空格所在句子的意思来选择一个恰当的介词。特别是根据空格所在句子的意思来选择一个恰当的介词。(1)(1)由介词由介词(空格空格)与前面的动词或名词之间的搭配关系与前面的动词或名词之间的搭配关系,或者介词或者介词 (空格空格)与后面名词之间的搭配关系来确定。与后面名词之间的搭配关系来确定。(2)(2)由所处句型的特殊需要来确定。由所处句型的特殊需要来确定。(3)(3)由特殊的结构关系来确定。如能接复合宾语由特殊的结构关系来确定。如能接复合宾语(宾语宾语+宾补宾补)的介词只能的介词只能 是

22、是withwith或或withoutwithout。考点四考点四代词代词 语法填空题对代词的考查主要是人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代语法填空题对代词的考查主要是人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、不定代词以及词、不定代词以及itit的特殊用法等。的特殊用法等。一、人称代词、物主代词和反身代词的用法。一、人称代词、物主代词和反身代词的用法。【典例典例1 1】Besides/AnywayBesides/Anyway,he couldnt carry a plate of sandwiches,he couldnt carry a plate of sandwiches as well a

23、s all his tennis stuff,so Im sure as well as all his tennis stuff,so Im sure wasnt him.wasnt him.(2014(2014新课标全国样卷新课标全国样卷)答案及剖析答案及剖析:itit根据语境可知根据语境可知,此处填人称代词此处填人称代词it,it,用来确定一个人的身份。用来确定一个人的身份。【典例【典例2 2】Behind him were other people to whom he was trying to Behind him were other people to whom he was

24、trying to talk,but after some minutes talk,but after some minutes walked away and sat near walked away and sat near me,looking annoyed.me,looking annoyed.答案及剖析答案及剖析:hehe此处仍然指的是那名男子此处仍然指的是那名男子,所以用人称代词的主格所以用人称代词的主格hehe在句在句中作主语。中作主语。【典例典例3 3】She first painted only to please She first painted only to pl

25、ease,and then,and then began to sell her works for a little money.began to sell her works for a little money.答案及剖析答案及剖析:herselfherself此处表示此处表示“她刚开始画画仅仅是为了自娱自乐她刚开始画画仅仅是为了自娱自乐”,”,因因此填反身代词作宾语。此填反身代词作宾语。名师在线名师在线 (1)(1)解答语法填空题时解答语法填空题时,首先分析句子结构首先分析句子结构,如果句子缺主语或者及物动如果句子缺主语或者及物动 词、介词后缺宾语就可能是填代词。然后再根据各个代词的意

26、义和词、介词后缺宾语就可能是填代词。然后再根据各个代词的意义和 用法的不同选出符合语境的某个代词填空。用法的不同选出符合语境的某个代词填空。(2)(2)注意掌握和正确使用各类人称代词的主格、宾格的拼写形式及用法。注意掌握和正确使用各类人称代词的主格、宾格的拼写形式及用法。人称代词的主格在句中作主语人称代词的主格在句中作主语,宾格在句中作宾语或表语。宾格在句中作宾语或表语。(3)(3)物主代词分为名词性物主代词和形容词性物主代词。形容词性物主物主代词分为名词性物主代词和形容词性物主代词。形容词性物主 代词常常放在名词的前面代词常常放在名词的前面,作定语。名词性物主代词相当于作定语。名词性物主代词

27、相当于“一个一个 形容词性物主代词形容词性物主代词+名词名词”,在句中作主语、宾语或表语。在句中作主语、宾语或表语。(4)(4)反身代词在句中可用作宾语、表语或同位语。反身代词在句中可用作宾语、表语或同位语。二、指示代词二、指示代词this,that,these,thosethis,that,these,those的用法。的用法。【典例典例】The information on the Internet gets around much more The information on the Internet gets around much more rapidly than rapidly

28、 than in the newspaper.in the newspaper.答案及剖析答案及剖析:thatthat此处替代前面出现过的不可数名词此处替代前面出现过的不可数名词information,information,应该填应该填代词代词thatthat。名师在线名师在线 (1)(1)指示代词在句中可用作主语、宾语、定语、表语等。指示代词在句中可用作主语、宾语、定语、表语等。(2)this/these(2)this/these常用来指代时间上或空间上较近的人或物常用来指代时间上或空间上较近的人或物,that/those,that/those则则 用来指代时间上或空间上较远的人或物。用来

29、指代时间上或空间上较远的人或物。(3)this/these(3)this/these一般指后面要说的事物一般指后面要说的事物,而而that/thosethat/those则指前面讲过的则指前面讲过的 事物。事物。(4)that/those(4)that/those可用来替代前面出现过的名词。可用来替代前面出现过的名词。thatthat替代单数名词或不替代单数名词或不 可数名词可数名词,而而thosethose替代复数名词或集合名词。替代复数名词或集合名词。三、三、some,any,both,all,each,either,neither,another,(the)other,some,any,

30、both,all,each,either,neither,another,(the)other,(the)others,none,no one,(the)one,(the)ones (the)others,none,no one,(the)one,(the)ones等不定代词的用法。等不定代词的用法。【典例典例1 1】After the student left,the teacher let After the student left,the teacher let .student taste the water.student taste the water.答案及剖析答案及剖析:an

31、otheranother根据语境根据语境“这个学生离开后这个学生离开后,老师让另一个学生尝这老师让另一个学生尝这些水些水”可知可知,此处用此处用anotheranother表示表示“又一又一,另一另一”。【典例【典例2 2】Do you want tea or coffee?Do you want tea or coffee?.I really dont mind.I really dont mind.答案及剖析答案及剖析:EitherEither根据问句中的根据问句中的tea or coffee(tea or coffee(茶还是咖啡茶还是咖啡)可知可知,此处此处表示两者中任何一个表示两者中

32、任何一个,填不定代词填不定代词eithereither。【典例【典例3 3】Its an either-or situationwe can buy a new car this Its an either-or situationwe can buy a new car this year or we can go on holiday but we cant do year or we can go on holiday but we cant do.答案及剖析答案及剖析:bothboth考查代词的用法。根据题干中的考查代词的用法。根据题干中的“either-or”“or”“either-

33、or”“or”可知可知,此处填不定代词此处填不定代词bothboth。bothboth用于否定句表示部分否定。用于否定句表示部分否定。名师在线名师在线 有的不定代词如有的不定代词如another,the other,many,much,either,another,the other,many,much,either,neither,both,all,any,eachneither,both,all,any,each等还可以在名词前作定语。如果名词前缺定语等还可以在名词前作定语。如果名词前缺定语,根据意义和用法根据意义和用法,以及主谓一致等以及主谓一致等,填入一个恰当的代词。填入一个恰当的代词

34、易混易错易混易错 代词代词one,it,that,thoseone,it,that,those的用法不易掌握。在日常学习中考生的用法不易掌握。在日常学习中考生可以按如下规律掌握上述词的指代含义可以按如下规律掌握上述词的指代含义:one:one同类泛指同类泛指;it;it同一特指同一特指;that;that同一但不同范围同一但不同范围;thosethat;thosethat的复数。的复数。【变式训练】【变式训练】完成句子完成句子1.There are many good story-books in the shop.I 1.There are many good story-books in

35、 the shop.I .(我想买一本我想买一本).).2.Excuse me,but theres only one TV set.2.Excuse me,but theres only one TV set.(你还想要吗你还想要吗/买吗买吗)?)?3.The weather of Beijing is colder than 3.The weather of Beijing is colder than (上上 海的天气海的天气).).4.Buildings in Shenzhen are taller than 4.Buildings in Shenzhen are taller tha

36、n (济济 南的楼房南的楼房).).答案及剖析答案及剖析:1.want to buy one1.want to buy one此句中此句中oneone指众多同类故事书中的一本。指众多同类故事书中的一本。2.Do you want it2.Do you want it此句中此句中itit指上文提到的同一台电视机。指上文提到的同一台电视机。3.that of Shanghai3.that of Shanghai本句中本句中 that that 指代指代 weather,weather,但此处的但此处的 weatherweather指指“上海的上海的天气天气”,而不是北京范围内的。而不是北京范围内的

37、4.those in Jinan4.those in Jinan此句中此句中thosethose指指buildings,buildings,但不是深圳范围内的但不是深圳范围内的buildings,buildings,而而是济南的。是济南的。四、代词四、代词itit的用法。的用法。【典例典例1 1】Raise your leg and let Raise your leg and let stay in the air for stay in the air for secondsseconds.(2014.(2014辽宁辽宁)答案及剖析答案及剖析:itit根据语境可知根据语境可知,此处指代上

38、文的此处指代上文的your leg,your leg,在句中作宾语在句中作宾语,因此填代词因此填代词itit。【典例【典例2 2】Toms mother kept telling him that he should work Toms mother kept telling him that he should work harder,but harder,but didnt help.didnt help.答案及剖析答案及剖析:itit根据语境可知根据语境可知,此处指代前面提到的此处指代前面提到的“汤姆的母亲总是告汤姆的母亲总是告诉他要更努力诉他要更努力”这件事这件事,应该填代词应该填代词

39、itit。【典例【典例3 3】is good manners to knock at the door before is good manners to knock at the door before entering the teachers office.entering the teachers office.答案及剖析答案及剖析:ItIt分析句子成分可知分析句子成分可知,句中缺形式主语句中缺形式主语,真正的主语是后面的真正的主语是后面的动词不定式动词不定式,所以填代词所以填代词itit。【典例典例4 4】was at the railway station that I met L

40、i was at the railway station that I met Li Ming.Ming.答案及剖析答案及剖析:ItIt分析句子结构可知分析句子结构可知,此处为此处为“It is/was+“It is/was+被强调部分被强调部分+that.”+that.”强调句型强调句型,被强调部分是被强调部分是at the railway station,at the railway station,因此应该填因此应该填代词代词ItIt。名师在线名师在线 代词代词itit的用法很多的用法很多,主要考查以下几点主要考查以下几点:(1)(1)指代时间、距离、自然现象等指代时间、距离、自然现象等

41、2)(2)指代前面提到过的事物、想法、性别被认为不重要的人或动物、未指明指代前面提到过的事物、想法、性别被认为不重要的人或动物、未指明 但谈话双方都明白的事情或情况等但谈话双方都明白的事情或情况等;(3)(3)用作形式主语或形式宾语用作形式主语或形式宾语,而把真正的主语或宾语放在后面而把真正的主语或宾语放在后面,真正的主语真正的主语 或宾语由动词不定式、动词或宾语由动词不定式、动词-ing-ing形式或从句充当形式或从句充当;(4)(4)用在不能直接跟宾语从句特别是表示好恶的动词用在不能直接跟宾语从句特别是表示好恶的动词(词组词组)后后,如如enjoy,enjoy,like,love,ha

42、te,see to,appreciate,cant stand like,love,hate,see to,appreciate,cant stand等等;(5)(5)用在强调句型中。用在强调句型中。特别提示特别提示 解答语法填空题有关代词的题目需要注意以下几点解答语法填空题有关代词的题目需要注意以下几点:代词指代的是人还是物代词指代的是人还是物;代词指代的是可数名词还是不可数名词代词指代的是可数名词还是不可数名词;是特指还是泛指是特指还是泛指;代词指代的概念是表示两者还是三者或三者以上代词指代的概念是表示两者还是三者或三者以上;代词表示的是肯定还是否定概念。代词表示的是肯定还是否定概念。考点

43、五考点五情态动词和助动词情态动词和助动词作主语的名词或代词与动词原形作主语的名词或代词与动词原形(包括被动式、进行式、完成式等包括被动式、进行式、完成式等)之间设之间设空空,特别是与上下文时态不一致或主谓不一致时特别是与上下文时态不一致或主谓不一致时,考虑情态动词或助动词。考虑情态动词或助动词。【典例典例1 1】Then the driver stood up and asked,“Then the driver stood up and asked,“anyone anyone lose a suitcase at the last stop?”lose a suitcase at the

44、last stop?”(2014(2014新课标全国新课标全国)答案及剖析答案及剖析:DidDid考查助动词的用法。此处构成一般疑问句考查助动词的用法。此处构成一般疑问句,且且loselose表示过表示过去发生的动作去发生的动作,因此填助动词因此填助动词diddid。【典例【典例2 2】You havent eaten anything since morning;you You havent eaten anything since morning;you.be hungry.be hungry.答案及剖析答案及剖析:mustmust根据语境可知根据语境可知,此处表示肯定的推测此处表示肯定的

45、推测,所以填情态动词所以填情态动词mustmust。【典例典例3 3】Are they there?Oh,my goodness.I Are they there?Oh,my goodness.I have put them have put them there when the phone rang.there when the phone rang.(2014(2014新课标全国样卷新课标全国样卷)答案及剖析答案及剖析:mustmust根据语境可知根据语境可知,此处表示对过去事情肯定的推测此处表示对过去事情肯定的推测,所以填所以填情态动词情态动词mustmust。【典例典例4 4】He

46、He like English,but he isnt hard-working.like English,but he isnt hard-working.答案及剖析答案及剖析:doesdoes根据语境可知根据语境可知,此处填助动词此处填助动词does,does,用来加强语气用来加强语气,意思意思是是“的确的确”。【典例典例5 5】Oh,dear!Are you still doing your homework?You Oh,dear!Are you still doing your homework?You.have finished your homework yesterday.ha

47、ve finished your homework yesterday.答案及剖析答案及剖析:shouldshould根据语境可知根据语境可知,此处填情态动词此处填情态动词should,should,表示表示“你本该你本该昨天完成作业昨天完成作业”,含有责备的意思。含有责备的意思。【典例典例6 6】I I go if I should have the chance.But I have to go if I should have the chance.But I have to go home to stay with my mother because she is badly ill

48、in bed.go home to stay with my mother because she is badly ill in bed.答案及剖析答案及剖析:wouldwould考查虚拟语气的用法。句意考查虚拟语气的用法。句意:如果我有这个机会如果我有这个机会,我是我是会去的。会去的。ifif条件句中用了条件句中用了should do,should do,表示与将来事实相反的假设表示与将来事实相反的假设,主句中应主句中应该用该用would dowould do。名师在线名师在线 解答语篇型语法填空题有关情态动词和助动词的题目需要注意以下几点解答语篇型语法填空题有关情态动词和助动词的题目需要

49、注意以下几点:(1)(1)情态动词和助动词不能单独作谓语情态动词和助动词不能单独作谓语,必须和另一个动词一起构成谓语。常见的情态动词必须和另一个动词一起构成谓语。常见的情态动词 有有must,can/could,may/might,need,should/ought tomust,can/could,may/might,need,should/ought to等等;常见的助动词有常见的助动词有do,be,havedo,be,have等。等。(2)must(2)must表示推测用在肯定句中表示推测用在肯定句中,意思是意思是“必定必定,一定一定”,”,其否定形式是其否定形式是cant(cant(不

50、可能不可能);must);must have done have done只用在肯定句中只用在肯定句中,表示对过去发生的动作的有把握推测表示对过去发生的动作的有把握推测,具有很大的可能性具有很大的可能性,它它 的否定形式是的否定形式是cant/couldnt have donecant/couldnt have done。(3)should have done(3)should have done可以用在肯定句、否定句和疑问句中可以用在肯定句、否定句和疑问句中,表示该做而实际未做表示该做而实际未做(或不该或不该 做却做了做却做了),),含有责备的意思。含有责备的意思。(4)(4)助动词助动词d