液压系统的外文文献翻.docx
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1、海祖2id单落“INGCHUUNIVERSITYOFTECHNOLOGY专业姓名廷康学号20094030K)Io7指导教师王霞机械工程学院HydraulicSystemThereareonlythreebasicmethodsoftransmittingpower:Electrical,mechanical,andfluidpower.Mostapplicationsactuallyuseacombinationofthethreemethodstoobtainthemostefficientoverallsystem.Toproperlydeterminewhichprinciplemeth
2、odtouseitisimportanttoknowthesalientfeaturesofeachtype.Forexample,fluidsystemscalltransmitpowermoreeconomicallyOvergreaterdistancesthanCanmechanicaltypes.Howeverofluidsystemsarerestrictedtoshorterdistancesthanareelectricalsystems.Hydraulictransmissiontherearemanyoutstandingadvantages,itiswidelyused,
3、suchasgeneralindustrialuseofplasticsprocessingmachinery,thepressureofmachinery,machinetools,etc.;operatingmachineryengineeringmachinery,constructionmachinery,agriculturalmachinery,automobiles,etc.;ironandsteelindustrymetallurgicalmachinery,liftingequipment,suchasrolleradjustmentdevice;civilwaterproj
4、ectswithfloodcontrolanddamgatedevices,bedliftsinstallations,bridgesandothermanipulationofinstitutions;speedturbinepowerplantinstallations,nuclearpowerplants,etc.;shipfromthedeckheavymachinery(winch),thebowdoors,bulkheadvalve,sternthruster,etc.;specialantennatechnologygiantwithcontroldevices,measurem
5、entbuoys,movementssuchasrotatingstage;military-industrialcontroldevicesusedinartillery,shipanti-rollingdevices,aircraftsimulation,aircraftretractablelandinggearandruddercontroldevicesandotherdevices.Theroleofthehydraulicsystemtoincreasetheforcebychangingthepressure.Ahydraulicsystemisgoodorbaddepends
6、onthesystemdesignisreasonable,themeritsoftheperformancesystemcomponents,system,pollutionpreventionandtreatment,whilethelastpointisparticularlyimportant.Inrecentyears,Chinasdomestichydraulictechnologyhasgreatlyimproved,notsimplyusinghydraulictechnologyfromabroadforprocessing.Acompletehydraulicsystemc
7、onsistsoffiveparts,namely,powercomponents,theimplementationofcomponents,controlcomponents,auxiliarycomponents(Annex)andthehydraulicoil.Theroleofdynamiccomponentsistheoriginalmotivationofthemechanicalenergyintofluidpressureenergy,thehydraulicsystemofpumps,whichprovidepowertotheentirehydraulicsystem.S
8、tructuresofhydraulicpumpsgenerallyhavegearpumps,vanepumpsandpistonpumps.Implementationofcomponents(suchashydrauliccylindersandhydraulicmotors)istopressuretheliquidcanbeconvertedtomechanicalenergytodrivetheloadforalinearreciprocatingmovementorrotationalmovement.Controlcomponentsinthehydraulicsystemco
9、ntrolandregulationoffluidpressure,flowanddirection.Accordingtothedifferentcontrolfunctions,hydraulicvalvescanbedividedintopressurecontrolvalves,flowcontrolvalvesanddirectionalcontrolvalve.Pressurecontrolvalveisdividedintobenefitsflowvalve(safetyvalve),pressurereliefvalve,sequencevalve,pressureswitch
10、etc.;flowcontrolvalvesincludingthrottle,adjustingvalves,flowdiversionvalveassembly;Directionalcontrolvalveincludesacheckvalve,checkvalve,shuttlevalve,valveandsoon.Underthecontrolofdifferentways,hydraulicvalvescanbedividedintoswitchingcontrolvalves,controlvalvesandthefixedvalueproportionalcontrolval
11、ve.Auxiliarycomponents,includingfueltanks,filters,tubingandpipejoints,seals,quickcouplings,highpressureballvalve,hoseassembly,pressurefittings,pressuregauge,oillevel,oiltemperaturemeterandsoon.Hydraulicsystemofhydraulicoilistheworkoftheenergytransfermedium,avarietyofmineraloil,emulsion,oilhydraulicm
12、oldingHopcategoriesTheroleofthehydraulicsystemistohelphumanitywork.Mainlybytheimplementationofcomponentstorotateorpressureintoareciprocatingmotion.Hydraulicprinciple:Itconsistsoftwocylindersofdifferentsizesandcompositionoffluidinthefluidfullofwateroroil.Wateriscalledhydraulicpress1;thesaidoilfilledh
13、ydraulicmachine.*1Eachofthetwoliquidaslidingpiston,iftheincreaseinthesmallpistononthepressureofacertainvalue,accordingtoPascalslaw,smallpistontothepressureofthepressurethroughtheliquidpassedtothelargepiston,pistontopwillgoalongwaytogo.Basedcross-sectionalareaofthesmallpistonisSI,plusasmallpistoninth
14、edownwardpressureontheFl.Thus,asmallpistonontheliquidpressuretoP=Fl/SI,Canbethesamesizeinalldirectionstothetransmissionofliquid.BythelargepistonisalsoequivalenttotheinevitablepressureP.Ifthelargepistonisthecross-sectionalareaS2,thepressurePonthepistonintheupwardpressuregeneratedF2=PxS2Cross-sectiona
15、lareaisasmallmultipleofthepistoncross-sectionalarea.Fromthetypeknowntoaddinasmallpistonofasmallerforce,thepistonwillbeingreatforce,forwhichthehydraulicmachineusedtosuppressplywood,oil,extractheavyobjects,suchasforgingsteel.Thesecretofhydraulicsystemssuccessandwidespreaduseisitsversatilityandmanageab
16、ility.Fluidpowerisnothinderedbythegeometryoperationswhenthepotentialdifferencebetweenthetoolandtheworkpieceissufficientlyhigh,atransientsparkdischargesthroughthefluid,removingaverysmallamountofmetalfromtheworkpieceofthemachineasistheeaseinmechanicalsystems.Also,powercanbetransmittedinalmostlimitless
17、quantitiesbecausefluidsystemsarenotsolimitedbythephysicallimitationsofmaterialsasaretheelectricalsystems.Forexample,theperformanceofanelectromagnetislimitedbyThesaturationlimitofsteel.Ontheotherhand,thepowerlimitoffluidsystemsis1imitedonlybythestrengthcapacityofthematerial.Industryisgoingtodependmor
18、eandmoreonautomationinordertoincreaseproductivity.Thisincludesremoteanddirectcontrolofproductionoperations,manufacturingprocessesoandmaterialshandling.Fluidpoweristhemuscleofautomationbecauseofadvantagesinthefollowingfourmajorcategories.IThepreciseconvenientcontrolbyoperatingasimplejoystickandbutton
19、s,theoperatorsofthehydraulicsystemandcanimmediatelystart,stop,anddecelerationandcanprovideanypower,positionprecisionforoneovertenthousandinchpositioncontrol.Amakethepilotrisesandfallthelandinggearonthehydraulicsystem,whenthepilottoacertaindirectioncontrolvalves,pressureoilintohydrauliccylinderofacav
20、ityandcamedownonthelandinggear.Thepilottomoveintheoppositedirectioncontrolvalves,allowtheoilintothehydrauliccylinderofanotherchambertotakebackonthelandinggear.2Multiplicationofforce.Afluidpowersystem(withoutusingcumbersomegears,pulleys,andlevers)CanmultiplyforcesSimplyandefficientlyfromafractionofan
21、ouncetoseveralhundredtonsofoutput.3Constantforceortorque.Onlyfluidpowersystemsarecapableofprovidingconstantforceortorqueregardlessofspeedchanges.Thisisaccomplishedwhethertheworkoutputmovesafewinchesperhour,severalhundredinchesperminute,afewrevolutionsperhour,orthousandsofrevolutionsperminute.4Simpli
22、city,safety,economy.general,fluidpowersystemsusefewermovingpartsthancomparablemechanicalorelectricalsystems.Thus,theyalesimplertomaintainandoperate.This,inturn,maximizessafety,compactness,andreliability.Forexample,anewpowersteeringcontroldesignedhasmadeallotherkindsofpowersystemsobsoleteonmanyoff一hi
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