毕业论文NGW型行星齿轮减速器行星轮的设计.doc

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1、目录一绪论31引言32 本文的主要内容3二 拟定传动方案及相关参数41机构简图的确定4齿形与精度4齿轮材料及其性能5三设计计算51配齿数52初步计算齿轮主要参数6（1）按齿面接触强度计算太阳轮分度圆直径6（2）按弯曲强度初算模数73几何尺寸计算84重合度计算95啮合效率计算10四行星轮的的强度计算及强度校核11强度计算11疲劳强度校核151外啮合152内啮合19安全系数校核20五零件图及装配图24六参考文献25一绪论1引言渐开线行星齿轮减速器是一种至少有一个齿轮绕着位置固定的几何轴线作圆周运动的齿轮传动，这种传动通常用内啮合且多采用几个行星轮同时传递载荷，以使功率分流。渐开线行星齿轮传动具有以

2、下优点:传动比范围大、结构紧凑、体积和质量小、效率普遍较高、噪音低以及运转平稳等，因此被广泛应用于起重、冶金、工程机械、运输、航空、机床、电工机械以及国防工业等部门作为减速、变速或增速齿轮传动装置。渐开线行星齿轮减速器所用的行星齿轮传动类型很多，按传动机构中齿轮的啮合方式分为:NGW、NW、NN、NGWN、ZU飞VGW、W.W等，其中的字母表示:N内啮合，W外啮合，G内外啮合公用行星齿轮，ZU锥齿轮。NGW型行星齿轮传动机构的主要特点有:重量轻、体积小。在相同条件下比硬齿面渐开线圆柱齿轮减速机重量减速轻1/2以上，体积缩小1/21/3;传动效率高;传动功率范围大，可由小于1千瓦到上万千瓦，且功

3、率越大优点越突出，经济效益越高;装配型式多样，适用性广，运转平稳，噪音小;外齿轮为6级精度，内齿轮为7级精度，使用寿命一般均在十年以上。因此NGW型渐开线行星齿轮传动已成为传动中应用最多、传递功率最大的一种行星齿轮传动。2 本文的主要内容NGW型行星齿轮传动机构的传动原理:当高速轴由电动机驱动时，带动太阳轮回转，再带动行星轮转动，由于内齿圈固定不动，便驱动行星架作输出运动，行星轮在行星架上既作自转又作公转，以此同样的结构组成二级、三级或多级传动。NGW型行星齿轮传动机构主要由太阳轮、行星轮、内齿圈及行星架所组成，以基本构件命名，又称为ZK-H型行星齿轮传动机构。本设计的主要内容是单级NGW型行

4、星减速器的设计。二拟定传动方案及相关参数1机构简图的确定减速器传动比i=6,故属于1级NGW型行星传动系统。查渐开线行星齿轮传动设计书表4-1确定=2或3。从提高传动装置承载力，减小尺寸和重量出发，取=3。计算系统自由度 W=3*3-2*3-2=1齿形与精度因属于低速传动，以及方便加工，故采用齿形角为20，直齿传动，精度定位6级。齿轮材料及其性能太阳轮和行星轮采用硬齿面，内齿轮采用软齿面，以提高承载能力，减小尺寸。表1齿轮材料及其性能齿轮材料热处理 (N/mm) (N/mm)加工精度太阳轮20CrMnTi渗碳淬火HRC58 6214003506级行星轮245内齿轮40Cr调制HB2622936

5、502207级三设计计算1配齿数采用比例法：按齿面硬度HRC=60，查渐开线行星齿轮传动设计书图4-7a的，。取。由传动比条件知：计算内齿轮和行星齿轮齿数：2初步计算齿轮主要参数（1）按齿面接触强度计算太阳轮分度圆直径用式进行计算，式中系数：，太阳轮传递的扭矩则太阳轮分度圆直径为：表2 齿面接触强度有关系数代号名称说明取值算式系数直齿轮768使用系数表6-5，中等冲击1.25行星轮间载荷分配系数表7-2，太阳轮浮动，6级精度1.05综合系数表6-4，高精度，硬齿面1.8小齿轮齿宽系数表6-30.7实验齿轮的接触疲劳极限图6-161400以上均为在书渐开线行星齿轮传动设计上查得（2）按弯曲强度初

6、算模数用式进行计算。由，所以应按行星轮计算模数表3 弯曲强度有关系数符号名称说明取值算式系数直齿轮12.1行星轮间载荷分配系数1.075综合系数表6-4，高精度，1.6齿形系数图6-25，按x=0查值3.18齿形系数图6-25，按x=0查值2.45以上均为在书渐开线行星齿轮传动设计上查得若取模数，则太阳轮直径，与接触强度初算结果接近，故初定按，进行接触和弯曲疲劳强度校核计算。3几何尺寸计算将分度圆直径、节圆直径、齿顶圆直径的计算值列于表。表4 齿轮几何尺寸齿轮分度圆直径节圆直径齿顶圆直径太阳轮行星轮外啮合内啮合内齿轮对于行星轮，各主要参数及数据计算值列于表。表5行星轮几何尺寸名称代号数值齿数3

7、4模数m6压力角20分度圆直径d204mm齿顶高6mm名称代号数值齿根高7.5mm齿全高h13.5mm齿顶圆直径216mm齿根圆直径189mm基圆直径191.70mm齿距p18.84mm齿厚s9.42mm齿槽宽e9.42mm4重合度计算外啮合：内啮合：5啮合效率计算式中为转化机构的效率，可用Kyp计算法确定。查图3-3a、b（取=0.06，因齿轮精度高）得：各啮合副的效率为，转化机构效率为转化机构传动比则.四行星轮的的强度计算及强度校核强度计算图1断面几何参数行星轮可归结为受内外载荷的封闭圆环，其弯曲半径与断面厚度之比，属于大曲率圆环，弯曲中性层不通过重心，相距为e。当轴承装在行星轮内时，其轮

8、缘减薄，若时，在载荷作用下有较大变形。此变形对齿轮弯曲强度和轴承的承载能力有显著影响，应准确且计算。但在设计时由于轴承上载荷大小和分布规律不清楚，而难以计算。这里设想轴承中反力按余弦规律分布，并且不考虑离心力对轴承载荷的影响，作一简化计算。图2计算简图及弯矩分布表6行星轮轮缘强度计算公式外载荷危险断面的弯矩危险断面的轴向力轮缘外侧弯曲应力在与内、外齿中心轮啮合处分别有一组相等且对称的载荷：圆周力、径向力和对弯曲中心的力矩。在圆周力相背的一半轴承上作用有按余弦规律分布的径向分布力。载荷计算式如表6。内力素弯矩在两个啮合节点，即断面1处达最小值，在与断面1成断面处达最大值。这两个断面的弯矩、和轴向

9、力、的计算式列于表6。最大、最小应力都发生在轮缘的外侧，为弯曲应力、轴向应力和离心应力之和。内力素及应力计算公式列于。其中离心力产生的应力式中齿轮材料的比重；重力加速度；齿轮的绝对角速度；轮缘断面重心位置的曲率半径。使用表6中的公式时，要从实际断面尺寸换算出一个相当矩形断面，才能较准确的求出应力的大小和位置。相当断面的惯性矩为式中实际断面对OX轴的惯性矩和断面面积；系数，按经验公式确定：不计轮齿时的断面厚度；齿轮模数。相当断面的宽度取为轮缘的实际宽度b，其高度h、面积S、断面系数W分别为：实际断面尺寸断面的弯曲半径为；，而断面上承受最大、最小应力处到断面重心的距离为和。先决定内侧，则，。数据计

10、算：圆周力径向力力矩径向分布力危险断面的弯矩危险断面的轴向力轮缘外侧弯曲应力疲劳强度校核1外啮合（1）齿面接触疲劳强度用式，计算接触应力，用式计算其许用应力。三式中的参数和系数取值如表。接触应力基本值：接触应力：许用接触应力：故，接触强度通过。表7 外啮合接触强度有关参数和系数代号名称说明取值使用系数按中等冲击查表6-51.25动载荷系数，6级精度，查图6-5b1.005齿向载荷分布系数查图6-6得，取，由式（6-25）得1.114齿间载荷分配系数按，6级精度，硬齿面，查图6-91行星轮间载荷不均衡系数太阳轮浮动，查表7-21.05节点区域系数查图6-102.5弹性系数查表6-7189.8重合

11、度系数，查图6-110.89螺旋角系数直齿，1分度圆上的切向力18723.53Nb工作齿宽72 mmu齿比数2寿命系数按工作10年每年365天，每天16小时计算应力循环次数1.03润滑油系数HRC=HV713,v=0.445m/s,查表8-10用中型极压油，1.05速度系数查图6-200.88粗造度系数按，查图6-211.03工作硬化系数两齿轮均为硬齿面，图6-221尺寸系数m61最小安全系数按可靠度查表6-81.25接触疲劳极限查图6-161400以上均为在书渐开线行星齿轮传动设计上查得（2）齿根弯曲疲劳强度齿根弯曲疲劳应力及其许用应力，用下式计算。并对行星轮进行校核。行星轮：故，弯曲强度通

12、过。表8 外啮合齿根弯曲强度的有关参数和系数代表名称说明取值齿向载荷分布系数由，b/m=12，查图6-23得，由式（6-38）得1.076齿间载荷分配系数1行星轮间载荷分配系数按式（7-43），1.075行星轮齿形系数，查图6-252.45行星轮应力修正系数查图6-271.68重合度系数式(6-40), 0.719弯曲寿命系数1试验齿轮应力修正系数按所给的区域图取时2行星轮齿根圆角敏感系数查图6-350.96齿根表面形状系数，查图6-361.045最小安全系数按高可靠度，查表6-81.6以上均为在书渐开线行星齿轮传动设计上查得2内啮合齿面接触疲劳强度同外啮合齿面接触疲劳强度所用公式相同，其中与

13、外啮合取值不同的参数为：故，接触强度通过。以上计算说明齿轮的承载能力足够。安全系数校核行星传动中的齿轮轮缘内外侧任一点上的应力都在之间变动，且为交变应力，故其强度计算以进行疲劳安全系数校核为宜。当齿轮传递的转矩在轮缘内产生很大切应力时，同样应进行扭转疲劳强度校核。其安全系数分别按下式计算：式中齿轮材料的抗拉强度和抗扭强度，对于近似计算可取；齿轮材料的弯曲和扭转对称循环疲劳极限，一般取；正应力和切应力的应力幅，T中心轮上作用的扭矩；扭转净截面模量；K考虑应力循环特性的计算系数K=1（对称循环）或K=2（脉动循环）；正应力和切应力的平均应力材料的对称循环极限应力对实际轮缘的折算系数，按下式计算：弯

14、曲和扭转的有效应力集中系数。当齿轮材料的时，取读图可得。表面光洁度系数。查表可得。表面强化系数。查表可得。绝对尺寸系数。查表可得。寿命系数，与材料种类、硬度和应力循环次数有关，当齿面硬度时： 当齿面硬度时： 当循环次数时取；计算结果时取；对于扭转计算，一般取等于整个使用期间的起动次数；对于弯曲计算查表可得。许用安全系数，当只进行弯曲计算时，一般取 ；对于扭转计算，可按下式计算总安全系数 S的值：一般取；当材料性能可靠、载荷计算准确时，可取。表9安全系数的有关参数和系数参数数值备注1.77由图9-20（a）可得1.2由表9-15可得2由表9-16可得0.66由表9-17可得1100机械设计（第八

15、版）表10-1高等教育出版社53.9566.81.49见上表中。1时取22.59 以上均为在书渐开线行星齿轮传动设计上查得五零件图及装配图图3行星轮图4装配体图行星轮的工程图六参考文献1 马从谦，陈自修，张文照，张展，蒋学全，吴中心.渐开线行星齿轮传动设计M.机械工业出版社,1987.2 孙恒,陈作模,葛文杰.机械原理M.7版.北京:高等教育出版社.20103 濮良贵,纪名刚,陈国定,吴立言.机械设计M.8版.北京高等教育出版社,2011.4 任继生,唐道武,马克新.机械设计机械设计基础课程设计M.中国矿业大学出版社,2009.您好，为你提供优秀的毕业论文参考资料，请您删除以下内容，O(_)O

16、谢谢！A large group of tea merchants on camels and horses from Northwest Chinas Shaanxi province pass through a stop on the ancient Silk Road, Gansus Zhangye city during their journey to Kazakhstan, May 5, 2015. The caravan, consisting of more than 100 camels, three horse-drawn carriages and four suppo

17、rt vehicles, started the trip from Jingyang county in Shaanxi on Sept 19, 2014. It will pass through Gansu province and Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region, and finally arrive in Almaty, formerly known as Alma-Ata, the largest city in Kazakhstan, and Dungan in Zhambyl province. The trip will cover abou

18、t 15,000 kilometers and take the caravan more than one year to complete. The caravan is expected to return to Jingyang in March 2016. Then they will come back, carrying specialty products from Kazakhstan A small art troupe founded six decades ago has grown into a household name in the Inner Mongolia

19、 autonomous region. In the 1950s, Ulan Muqir Art Troupe was created by nine young musicians, who toured remote villages on horses and performed traditional Mongolian music and dances for nomadic families. The 54-year-old was born in Tongliao, in eastern Inner Mongolia and joined the troupe in 1975.H

20、e says there are 74 branch troupes across Inner Mongolia and actors give around 100 shows every year to local nomadic people. I can still recall the days when I toured with the troupe in the early 80s. We sat on the back of pickup trucks for hours. The sky was blue, and we couldnt help but sing the

21、folk songs, Nasun says. The vastness of Inner Mongolia and the lack of entertainment options for people living there, made their lives lonely. The nomadic people were very excited about our visits, Nasun recalls. We didnt have a formal stage. The audience just sat on the grass. Usually, the performa

22、nces became a big party with local people joining in. For him, the rewarding part about touring isnt just about sharing art with nomadic families but also about gaining inspiration for the music and dance. Ulan Muqir literally translates as red burgeon, and todays performers of the troupe still tour

23、 the regions villages and entertain nomadic families, but their fame has spread around the world. On May 16 and 17, nearly 100 singers and dancers from the troupe performed at Beijings Poly Theater. Their show, titled Ulan Muqir on the Grassland, depicted the history and development of the art troup

24、e. Being from the region allowed me to embrace the culture of Inner Mongolia and being a member of the troupe showed me where I belonged, Nasun, the art troupes president, who is also a renowned tenor, tells China Daily. During a tour in 1985, he went to a village and met an elderly local man, who t

25、old him a story about his friendship with a solider from Shenyang, capital of Northeast Chinas Liaoning province, decades ago. The solider gave the old man a handmade saddle when they bid farewell. The story inspired Nasun to write Carved Saddle, a song that later became one of his most popular numb

26、ers. Now, every year, Nasun recruits young singers and dancers for the troupe. The troupe has also designed a new repertoire, which is mostly based on the daily lives of Mongolian people, especially the lives of nomadic families, and has combined contemporary musical elements with folk songs of the

27、region. Haimu, a 25-year-old khoomei (a local variant of overtone singing) singer, joined the troupe three years ago. Along with a six-member band, he performs fast songs and soft ones that he writesall while playing the horse-head fiddle.Although I learned the piano since childhood and grew up list

28、ening to various kinds of music, to me, the folk music of Inner Mongolia is the root, he says. Performing in remote villages is pleasant. I feel at home on the boundless grasslands, and the warm people there make me feel fulfilled. The first round of spring auction season in Beijing ended last week,

29、 but it failed to create much spring in the art market. Although two pieces of Chinese painting fetched more than 100 million yuan, the decline in trading volume and sale rate showed a downturn this year. In the “Grand View: Chinese Painting Highlight” session at China Guardian 2015 spring auctions,

30、 Pan Tianshous representative work Eagle, Rock and Flora hit a record auction price of 279 million yuan, while Li Kerans masterwork Jinggang Mountain fetched 126.5 million yuan, an unexpected high in recent years. However, the trading volume fells to 1.87 billion yuan from 2.22 billion yuan in the s

31、ame period the year before. The Huangchen 2015 Spring Auctions, which recorded 42.5 million yuan in total sales, experienced the same. The section number went down to 5 from 12 compared to last year. According to expert Shao Jianwu, the art market did not attract much excitement this year due to the

32、 booming stock market and the persistent problems of forgery and fake deals. The two pieces of Chinese painting notched up high price this spring due to their own value not due to a revival in the market. The successful transaction of two works with a hammer price of more than 100 million yuan once

33、again confirms that valuable and rare works of high quality always earn the long-lasting high price. Chinese painting and calligraphy is still the pillar of the market. However, the overall sales rate has dropped slightly, which reflects the demand for the ordinary auction goods has weakened,” said

34、the president of China Guardians Hu Yanyan. Besides, the entry of new buyers also makes certain changes to the direction of purchasing. In a word, the overall market trend is very unpredictable. Although China Guardian 2015 Spring Auctions has achieved remarkable results, it does not mean that the m

35、arket has walked out of the predicament. We still have to wait for the big economic boom to invigorate the art market.” Even so, the hot pursuit of some special items appeared this spring. A special session of China Guardian Spring Auctions titled “Fine GiltBronze Buddhist Images” achieved a great d

36、eal with total sales volume of 41.89 million yuan and 92 percent sale rate. The 5th Shamar Rinpoche Statue from 16-17th century of Tibet was sold for 5.06 million yuan. The Beijing Chengxuan Auctions featured almost 2,800 items of coins and stamps in three sessions with good sale rate. The Huachen A

37、uctions also set a special session of photographs under the condition of large-scale decline of auction sessions. There was a palpable dull thud of disappointment that accompanied the return of the imperial entourage of Zhen Huan to her homeland. It followed a couple years of hushed excitement as Ch

38、inese fans were fed tidbits about their proud concubine who was supposed to conquer the high ground of the North American market. Zhen Huan is, of course, the title character of The Legend of Zhen Huan, a 2011 television series that swept China off its feet and later took other Asian countries by st

39、orm. Two years ago, it was reported that HBO, a premium cable service headquartered in the United States, was going to air it in North America after some modification. Now, a condensed version that provides English subtitles but no dubbing has finally been made available on Netflix for online stream

40、ing. This version, highly anticipated as a milestone in Chinas cultural foray overseas, has been widely panned by its home audience. Retitled Empresses in the Palace, the American version has been shortened from its original 76 episodes at 45 minutes each, to six 90-minute episodes. The quick pacing

41、 threw off many native viewers, who are accustomed to a more leisurely daytime-soap-style narrative rhythm. (Chinese TV stations would run two or three episodes every day.) I did not finish the full-length version and found the truncated one not difficult to follow. Whats lost, I believe, are the in

42、teresting setups and pauses that illuminate the Chinese art of storytelling. Much of the plot is still there. It is the flavor that was sacrificed. The American edition uses the framework of the Empress Dowager in her senior years reminiscing at the beginning and the end of each episode, hinting at

43、whats to come and recapping the key points. This device, not used in the original, is culturally understandable but artistically mediocre. What puzzles me is the two new songs for the opening and end credits. They were written in English, but sung by Chinese with an uncomfortable accent. They were o

44、bviously designed to appeal to an English-speaking base, but do not jibe with the Chinese dialogue. Speaking of the dialogue, the English translation, picked apart by some Chinese, is too literal for my taste. I can imagine a typical American hit by a flurry of royal ranks, addresses and greetings,

45、even multiple names and titles for the same person. The first half hour must be a swamp to wade through, very much like my experience of getting through a Tolstoy tome with its endless inflections of names transliterated into lengthy Chinese. I see the choice of verbatim translation as an effort for conveying exotica. It is fairly competent, with no error that I could detect, but fails to rise above words or capture the essence of the language. A cultural product usually crosses over to a foreign territory fir