最新最新优秀初中英语句子成分分析课件课件.ppt
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1、句子成分详解表句子成分详解表取得英语语法成功的基石取得英语语法成功的基石什么是句子?什么是句子?句子是由词按照一定的语法结构组成的,是能表达一个完整概念的语言单位句子的第一个字母必须大写,结尾要有?!主语和谓语是一句子中不可缺少的成分.I am a teacher.Are you a student?How beautiful the girl is!3现代汉语里一般的句子成分有六种,即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。英语的基本成分有七种:主语(subject)、谓语(predicate)、表语(predicative)、宾语(object)、定语(attribute)、状语(adverb
2、ial)、补语(complement)。句子包括哪些成分?句子包括哪些成分?4句子成分(1)谓主宾表示句子所说的是“什么人”或“什么事物”主语Whatheneedsisabook.GinaisfromAustralia.Sheoftengoestothemovies.Doingtheworkishardforhim.主语(主语(subject):):句子说明的人或事物。主语句子说明的人或事物。主语一般位于一般位于_。1.Lucy likes her new bike.2.We work hard.3.To learn a foreign language is not easy.4.Playi
3、ng football after school is great fun.句首句首在“There be”句型中,主语的位置在 be动词之后。如:There are some bottles of milk in the box.There is a duck in the lake.一、主语 主语可以用下面这些东西表示:1.The sun rises in the east.()2.He likes dancing.()3.Two will be enough.()4.Seeing is believing.()6.To see is to believe.()7.What he needs
4、 is a book.()8.It is very clear that the elephant is tall like a tree.()名词名词代词代词数词数词动名词动名词不定式不定式从句从句It作形式主语,作形式主语,that从句是真正的主语从句是真正的主语形式主语Itisclearthatthesunisbiggerthantheearth.ItisimportanttolearnEnglishwell.不定式、从句等作主语时,为避头重脚轻,常用it作形式主语置句首。你能划出下列句子的真正的主语吗你能划出下列句子的真正的主语吗?翻译翻译1)It is wrong to tell a
5、 lie.()2)He is clever a lot.3)It is getting clod 4)It is easy for me to play the piano.5)The teacher is kind to us.说谎是错误的。说谎是错误的。主语在哪里Theyoungshouldrespecttheold.Tomdidntdohishomeworkyesterday.Whathehassaidistrue.Seeingisbelieving.(眼见为实)说明主语“做什么”或“怎么样”,谓语通常是动词。主谓要一致谓语WeloveChina.Hehasabadcold.1.We l
6、ove China.2.We have finished reading this book.3.He can speak English.4.She seems tired.谓语谓语:说明主语说明主语做什么做什么或或怎么样怎么样。通常由。通常由_充当充当.实义动词或系动词实义动词或系动词动词常分为实义动词动词常分为实义动词,连系动词连系动词,情态动词和助动词情态动词和助动词.情态动词情态动词和和助动词助动词不能单独充当谓语不能单独充当谓语,必须必须和实义动词或系动词一起构成谓语和实义动词或系动词一起构成谓语.They can speak English well.They are playi
7、ng over there.动词常分为实义动词动词常分为实义动词,连系动词连系动词,情态动词和助动词情态动词和助动词.Wehavefinishedreadingthisbook.谓语在哪里TheycanspeakEnglishwell.助动词和情态动词须和实义动词一起构成谓语Helookedaftertwoboys.Theyenjoyedplayingcomputergames.look after照顾表示动作,行为的对象说明主语“做了什么”(所做的事)宾语CanIasksomequestions?Heislookingatthedog.宾语一般放在及物动词或介词后宾语是动作,行为的对象,由名
8、词,代词,短宾语是动作,行为的对象,由名词,代词,短语,不定式,动名词,从句充当它和及物动语,不定式,动名词,从句充当它和及物动词一起说明主语做了什么,在谓语、介词之后词一起说明主语做了什么,在谓语、介词之后宾语宾语:动作行为的对象,说明主语做什么。一般放在:动作行为的对象,说明主语做什么。一般放在_或或_后面后面.1.We study English.2.Our teacher said that he would go there.3.He is looking at the dog.双宾语双宾语:指人的是:指人的是间接宾语间接宾语,指物的是,指物的是直接宾语直接宾语。Hegavemetw
9、obooks.及物动词及物动词介词介词间接宾语间接宾语 直接宾语直接宾语Hegavemetwobooks.TomteachesusEnglish.双宾语人是间接宾语物是直接宾语常跟双宾语的词常跟双宾语的词 give,buy,teach二、宾语可以用下面这些东西表示:二、宾语可以用下面这些东西表示:1.She lived a happy life.()2.I love you.()3.We need two.()4.Do you mind my opening the door?()5.He began to learn English a year ago.()6.He did not kno
10、w what to say.()7.Did you write down what she said?()8.She felt it her duty to take good care of them.()名词名词代词代词数词数词动名词动名词不定式不定式疑问词疑问词+不定式不定式从句从句It作形式宾语,不定式是真正的宾语作形式宾语,不定式是真正的宾语 Mybrotherhasntdonehishomework.ABCDYoumustpaygoodattentiontoAByourpronunciation.CD宾语在哪里Summary2 2谓语“做.”或“怎么样”3 3宾语动作行为”做”的对
11、象主语“什么人”或“什么事”1 1She is a beautiful girl.句子成分(2)定状补表说明主语“是什么”,“怎么样”位于系动词之后表语Hermotherisabankclerk.Thefoodtastesdelicious.表语说明主语是什么,或者怎么样,由名词,形容词,表语说明主语是什么,或者怎么样,由名词,形容词,副词,介词短语,不定式,动名词,短语,或者从句充当表语位于系动词后面副词,介词短语,不定式,动名词,短语,或者从句充当表语位于系动词后面表语表语:跟在:跟在 后面的词语或从句后面的词语或从句,用来说用来说明主语的身份明主语的身份,特征特征,状态状态.The tr
12、ees turn green.The flower is beautiful.系动词Healwayskeptsilentatmeeting.系动词状态系动词 表示主语状态、身份等,主要有be(is am are)Iamhungry.持续系动词 表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度,主要有keep,remain,stay等。Hebecamemadafterthat.系动词感官系动词 主要有feel,smell,sound,taste,look等。Thisflowersmellsverysweet.变化系动词 表示主语变化,主要有become,grow,turn,fall,get,go,come等。表
13、语表语 表语可以用下面这些东西表示:表语可以用下面这些东西表示:1.He is a teacher.()2.My idea is this.()3.To see is to believe.()4.I feel much better today./I must be off now.()5.He is out of danger.()6.The news was exciting./They were excited at the news.()7.What surprised me most was that he spoke Chinese so well.()名词名词代词代词不定式不定
14、式从句从句形容词形容词/副词副词介词短语介词短语分词分词找出表语Everythinglooksnice.Hisfaceturnedred.Heishappy.修饰名词或代词定语Shesagoodbasketballplayer.Whatsyourname?Thegirlwithlonghairismysister.定语:用来修饰定语:用来修饰_.This is a red car.The building is their teaching building.The woman doctor is my wife.I have something to tell you.The man in
15、front of the door is Mr.Li.Every student has an English book.五、定语五、定语名词和代词名词和代词三、定语三、定语 定语可以用下面这些东西表示:定语可以用下面这些东西表示:1.Its a red car.()2.They live in the room above.()3.My brother is a teacher.()4.We belong to the third world.()5.Lucys father is a poor worker.()6.Mother made a birthday cake for me.()
16、7.The man under the tree is my teacher.()8.The swimming boy is my brother./The boy swimming in the river is my brother.()形容词形容词副词副词代词代词数词数词名词所有格名词所有格名词名词介词短语介词短语现在分词现在分词找出定语Somepeopleforgottosweepthefloor.ABCDThemandownstairswastryingtosleep.ABCD修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句,说明时间、地点、方式、因果、条件、让步、方向、程度、目的等。状语Thestud
17、entsfollowedUncleWangtoseetheothermachines.Hesattherequietly.四、状语四、状语 状语可以用下面这些东西表示:状语可以用下面这些东西表示:1.He is often late for class.()2.We saw that picture at the cinema.()3.He sat there smoking.()4.They returned tired and hungry.()5.They did everything they could to save the boys life.()6.Although he is
18、 young,he knows a lot.()7.The box is so heavy that I cant lift it.()副词,程度副词,程度介词短语,地点介词短语,地点分词,伴随分词,伴随不定式,目的不定式,目的形容词,状态形容词,状态让步状语从句让步状语从句结果状语从句结果状语从句四、状语可以用下面这些东西表示:9.While my wife was reading the newspaper,I was watching TV.()10.He was angry because we were late()11.If it rains tomorrow,we wont go
19、 out.()时间状语从句时间状语从句原因状语从句原因状语从句条件状语从句条件状语从句找出状语Hebeganwritingwhenhewaseleven.ABCDTherewasabigsmileonherface.ABCD用来补充说明宾语的情况宾语补足语Weelectedhimourmonitor.Heaskedhertotaketheboyoutofschool.注意点 某些及物动词的宾语后面还需要有一个补足语,意思才完整,宾语和它的补足语构成复合宾语。比如说:I like to keep everything tidy.Im going to paint it pink.感官动词和使役动
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