大学英汉翻译教程PPT课件.ppt
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1、英译汉英译汉Translation大学英语翻译专题讲座Unit 1 增词法和减增词法和减词法词法Amplification and Omissionw一、为了保证语法结构的完整:w代代词词:汉语中有许多没有主语的句子,英语则一般需要主语。另外汉语中很多名词前都没有代词,需要增补。w1大作收到,十分高兴。wIamverygladtohavereceivedyourwriting.w2没有调查就没有发言权。wHe whomakesnoinvestigationandstudyhasnorighttospeak.w3把这些故事看完以后,用你自己的话讲一遍。wAfteryouhavereadthese
2、stories,telltheminyourownwords.w4我们响应了祖国的号召。wWerespondedtothecallofour motherland.w5她用手蒙住脸,好象是为了保护眼睛。wShe covered her face with her hands,as if toprotecthereyes.w6.孩子们天天带午饭到学校去吃。wThechildrentaketheirlunchtoschooleveryday.w7我们的心永远向着祖国。wOurheartsarealwaystowards our motherland.w连连词词:汉语重意合,英语重形合,把汉语翻译成
3、英语时,要适当增加连词。w1.虚心使人进步,骄傲使人落后。wModesty helps one to go forward,whereas conceit makes one lagbehind.w2留得青山在,不怕没柴烧。wSolongasgreenhillsremain,therewillneverbeashortageoffirewood.w3村里的男女老少都喜欢那个小超市买东西。wMen and women,old and young in thevillage,all liked shopping in that smallsupermarket.w4我妈妈来了,我得回去了。wMy
4、mother has arrived,so I have to leavenow.w5送君千里,终有一别。wAlthoughyoumayescortaguestathousandmiles,yetmustthepartingcomeatlast.w介词:英语中的介词比汉语中活跃得多。w1我们应该逐步消灭城乡差别。wWeshouldtrytoeliminatethedifferences betweentownandcountry.w2你白天还是晚上飞广州?wDoyouflytoGuangzhouin thedaytimeoratnight?w3那我们山脚见吧。wLetsmeet atthefo
5、otofthehill.w冠词:w1她不把他当阿公,而当作亲爹。Sheconsideredhimnotafather-in-lawbut afather.w2我们对问题要作全面的分析,才能解决得妥当。Wemustmakea comprehensiveanalysisof problem before it can be properlysolved.w二、为了保证译文意思更加明确。w文中暗含的意思:文中暗含的意思:w1大家都知道朝鲜战场是艰苦些。wEveryone knows that life on theKoreanbattlefieldwasratherhard.w2要提倡顾全大局。wW
6、eshouldadvocatethespiritoftakingthewholesituationintoconsideration.w添加注释性的词语:添加注释性的词语:w1班门弄斧wShowoffonesproficiencywiththeaxebeforeLuban,themastercarpenter.wShow off ones skills with the axebeforeanexpertcarpenter.w2三个臭皮匠,合成一个诸葛亮。wThreecobblerswiththeirwitscombinedequalZhugeLiangthemastermind.w3.这对年
7、轻夫妇并不相配,一个是西施,一个是张飞。wThisyoungcoupleisnotwell-matched,oneisaXishi,-afamousChinesebeauty,whiletheother is a Zhangfeia well-known ill-temperedbrute.w4.滥竽充数:wpretend to play the yu(an ancient musicalinstrument)and retain ones position in theorchestra/(ofincompetentpeopleorinferiorgoods)betherejusttomak
8、eupthenumber增加概括性的词语增加概括性的词语w1.结婚大办酒席,实在可以免去了。wThe practice of giving lavish feasts atweddingscanwellbedispensedwith.2.也许您忘记了月份的购货帐还没有结算。wPerhapsyouhaveoverlookedthefactthatyouraccountforJulypurchaseshasnotyetbeensettled.Omissionw一、重复出现某词(排比句中)w1俘虏望望沈明,又望望其他的人,没有说下去。wLooking at Shen Ming,then at the
9、others,theprisonerofwarfellsilent.wThe prisoner of war looked atShenmingandthentheothers.Hedidnotkeepontalking.w2我们必须坚持社会主义道路,坚持人民民主专政,坚持共产党的领导,坚持马列主义和毛泽东思想。wWemustadheretothesocialistroad,thepeoplesdemocraticdictatorship,theCommunistPartysleadershipandMarxism-LeninismandMaoZedongThought.w3.质子带正电,电子
10、带负电,而中子既不带正电,也不带负电。wAprotonhasapositivechargeandanelectronanegativecharge,butaneutronhasneither.4.郭末若同志曾说:“中国人民历来是勇于探索、勇于创造、勇于革命的。”Comrade Guo Moruo once said,“Thepeople of China have always beencourageousenoughtoprobeintothings,to make inventions and to makerevolution.”Comrade Guo Moruo once said,“
11、Thepeople of China have always beencourageous in exploration,innovationandrevolution.”二、原文中表示范畴的词:w1.基于伊拉克目前社会动荡和纷扰不安的局面,中国驻伊拉克大使馆已经向德国订购了两辆防弹轿车。wThe Chinese embassy in Iraq has ordered twobulletproofcarsfromGermanyduetothesocialunrestandupheavalinIraqatpresent.2.在党的领导下,中国人民已经完成了解放事业。wUnder the lead
12、ership of the Party,the Chinesepeoplehavesucceededintheirliberation.1.我们必须培养分析问题,解决问题的能力。wWemustcultivatetheabilitytoanalyseandsolvetheproblems.2.多年来那个国家一直有严重的失业现象。wFor many years,there has been seriousunemploymentinthatcountry.w3.他们是亲密无间的朋友。wTheyareclose/bosom/intimatefriends.4.这些新型汽车速度快,效率高,行动灵活。w
13、Thenewcarsarefast,efficientandhandy.w5.前途是光明的,道路是曲折的。wWhiletheprospectsarebright,theroadhastwistsandturns.w6.理论联系实际,这是我们应当牢记的一条原则。wThatthetheorymustgohandinhandwithpracticeisaprincipleweshouldalwayskeepinmind.w7.天气这样闷,十之八九要下雨。wWiththeweathersostuffy,tentonineitwillrain.w8.所有公民在法律面前一律平等。wAllcitizensa
14、reequalbeforelaw.语态变化法语态变化法Unit2这里说的语态是指主动语态和被动语态。这两种语态在英汉两种语言中的使用情况是很不相同的:英语大量使用被动语态,而汉语很少使用,即使使用,也不像英语那样有固定的构成形式。譬如说,汉语的被动不是只用一个“被”字表示。因此,为使译文更加地道,在翻译中就必须采用变化语态的翻译方法。语态变化法的定义定义:在英汉互译中,要经常变化语态,以使译文符合习惯用法,显得地道而自然。这种翻译法称为语态变化法。一、译为被动句w如果英语被动句重在表述被动的动作,译为汉语时应当采取以“被”字为特征的被动句式,以便突出其被动意味。典型的“被”字结构为:受事方+“
15、被”字+(施事方)+动词。这种被动句一般用在比较正式的文体中,一般都有强调被动动作的语用作用。从翻译方法来看,这便是按照原文句型进行直译。例如:2.He was attacked by two 2.He was attacked by two masked menmasked men.他遭到两个蒙面男子的袭击。1.The bowl was broken1.The bowl was broken碗被打破了3.As soon as all the 3.As soon as all the facts have been found facts have been found out,we can
16、begin to create out,we can begin to create a theeory.a theeory.一旦所有的事实被发现,我们即可形成某种理论。二、变体被动句w汉语被动语态的结构和词语比英语更加灵活,如果感觉“被”字结构已经应用过多,或者叙述角度不顺,或者明确说出施动者不妥,就可以采用“被”字以外的表现方式。汉语中表示被动意义的标志除“被”字外,还有:挨、叫、让、使、受、由、遭、得到、得以、加以等表达被动意义的词和词组。这些词和词组中选择使用哪一个,决定权在译者。但是 在选择上述词语时应当注意译文的语言风格和搭配习惯。这种表示被动但是“被”字没有出现的句式称为“变体被
17、动句”。He was laughed at by his friendsHe was laughed at by his friends他遭到了朋友的嘲笑。She was caught in a heavy showerShe was caught in a heavy shower她叫大雨淋着了。The bowl was brokenThe bowl was broken 碗给人打破了三、当然被动句w与英语相比,汉语中使用被动结构的情形要少得多。另一方面,“被”、“遭”、“受”、“挨”等字眼一般总不是那么令人舒服,因此在英汉翻译中遇到被动语态时,照字面直译并不总是最佳选择。我们可以根据汉语的
18、表达习惯,将被动语态转化为主动结构。其中一种做法是使用“当然被动句”。w“当然被动句”没有“被”字等表示被动的标志,形式上与主动句结构一致,例如“困难克服了”,“路修好了”,“信已收到了”等等。这些句式看似主动,实际上却是被动的含义,只是没有用“被”、“让”、“使”等字而已。w汉语特有的“把”字句、无主语句、“是的”结构也可以看作是当然被动句的不同表现,下面分别举例说明。1.译为当然被动句采用此种译法,原文结构变化不大,而译文却合乎汉语习惯,比用直译法译成被动句要自然、通顺得多。That man cant be relied upon.那个人不可靠Can the work be finishe
19、d ahead of time?这工作能提前完成吗?2.译为“把”字句 汉语特有的“把”字句结构是当然被动句的一种表现。例如:Rivers are controlled by dams.Rivers are controlled by dams.拦河坝把河流拦住了。The famous Yuzhengong Temple was The famous Yuzhengong Temple was practically destroyed by a big firepractically destroyed by a big fire 一场大火把著名的遇真宫几乎完全毁掉了3.译为无主语句w英语中
20、大量的观点、态度、告诫、要求、号召等的被动句,表示什么地方存在什么事物的被动句,在汉语里往往可以采用无主语句的形式来表达。常用的短语包括:It was discussed that 讨论了It is believed that 可以认为It is found that 据发现It is generallay agreed that 一般认为It is hope that 希望It is reported that 据报道It is said that 据说It is supposed that 据推测It must be admitted that 必须承认It was told that 据
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