初中英语时态语态实用教案.pptx

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1、时时态态(sh ti)两现三一三一三过现在进行现在进行(jnxng)时时现在完成时现在完成时一般现在时一般现在时一般过去一般过去(guq)时时一般将来时一般将来时过去进行时过去进行时过去完成时过去完成时过去将来时过去将来时第1页/共48页第一页，共49页。看时间看时间(shjin)，定，定语态语态I learn English every day.I learned English yesterday.I will learn English next year.I am learning English now.I was learning English just now.I have l

2、earned English for three years.I had learned English 3 years by the end of last month.I said I would learn English the next day.第2页/共48页第二页，共49页。初中常见(chn jin)的6种时态：一般一般(ybn)现在时现在时一般一般(ybn)过去时过去时现在进行时现在进行时过去进行时过去进行时现在完成时现在完成时一般将来时一般将来时第3页/共48页第三页，共49页。各种时态各种时态(sh ti)的用的用法法一、一般一、一般(ybn)现现在时在时1.1.用法：用法

3、2.2.结构结构(jigu)(jigu)：主语：主语+动词原形动词原形/动词单三形式动词单三形式3.3.标志词标志词:1.The boy usually_(get)to school early.gets2.Light _(travel)faster than sound.travels A.现在现在经常性经常性的的动作动作或或状态状态B.客观事实客观事实和和真理真理。always,usually,often,sometimes,never,every day/week/month/year/第4页/共48页第四页，共49页。她一到达她一到达(dod)那儿，就会给你写信。那儿，就会给你写信。

4、一般(ybn)现在时的注意点:在when,as soon as,until,after,before等到引导的时间状语(zhungy)从句和if 引导的条件状语(zhungy)从句中,If it doesnt rain tomorrow,well go camping.如果明天不下雨，我们将去野营。如果明天不下雨，我们将去野营。She ll write to you as soon as she gets there.用一般现在时表示将来用一般现在时表示将来.主将从现主将从现第5页/共48页第五页，共49页。当主句是祈使句或含有情态动词时，从句当主句是祈使句或含有情态动词时，从句用一般用一般(

5、ybn)现在时。现在时。Dont get off the bus until it _(stop).You may go out to play when you_(finish)your homework.stopsfinish某些某些(mu xi)以以here，there开头的句子用一般现在开头的句子用一般现在时表示现在进行时。时表示现在进行时。Here comes a car.There goes the bell.第6页/共48页第六页，共49页。二、一般二、一般(ybn)过去时过去时1.用法：2.结构(jigu)：2.标志词：yesterday,the day before yest

6、erday,three days ago,last night/week/month,in the past；just now=a moment ago过去过去(guq)的动作或的动作或状态。状态。【2010河北省卷】河北省卷】39.I _ a mistake.Please dont be angry with me.A.make B.made C.will make D am makingB主语主语+V-ed第7页/共48页第七页，共49页。三、一般三、一般(ybn)将来时将来时1.用法用法(yn f)：2.结构：结构：将来的动作将来的动作(dngzu)或或状态。状态。1）will+动词原形

7、动词原形 2）am(is,are)going to+动词原形动词原形 3）常用）常用be doing表示将来的动词表示将来的动词:go,come,leave,stay，start，begin等等如：如：We are leaving for london.4）be about to+do和和be to+do表示即将发生的动表示即将发生的动作作 The train is about to start.She is to be married next month.第8页/共48页第八页，共49页。be going to与与will/shall,be to do,be about to do的用法及

8、的用法及区别：区别：be going to 表示现在打算在最近或将来要做某事，这种表示现在打算在最近或将来要做某事，这种打算往往经过事先考虑打算往往经过事先考虑(kol)，甚至已做了某种准备；，甚至已做了某种准备；shall/will do表示未事先考虑表示未事先考虑(kol)过，即说话时临时作过，即说话时临时作出的决定。出的决定。*be going to 表将来，不能用在条件状语从句的主句中；而表将来，不能用在条件状语从句的主句中；而will则能，表意愿则能，表意愿(yyun)。如：如：If it is fine,well go fishing.(正确正确)If it is fine,we

9、are going to go fishing.(错误错误)*第9页/共48页第九页，共49页。*be to do sth.表按计划、安排即将发生的动作，还可表示吩咐表按计划、安排即将发生的动作，还可表示吩咐(fn f)、命令、禁止，可、命令、禁止，可能性等。能性等。A meeting is to be held at 3:00 oclock this afternoon.*be about to do sth.表示表示“即可，就要即可，就要”，后面不能接时间状语或状语从句。，后面不能接时间状语或状语从句。Autumn harvest is about to start.第10页/共48页第十

10、页，共49页。3.标志标志(biozh)词：词：tomorrow,the day after tomorrow,in three days,in(the)future,next week/month/term,from now on下面下面(xi mian)几种情况只用几种情况只用will/shall:表示有礼貌地询问对方是否愿意或表示客气的邀请或命令时表示有礼貌地询问对方是否愿意或表示客气的邀请或命令时:Will you please lend me your bike？We will help him if he asks us.表示单纯表示单纯(dnchn)的将来，与人的主观愿望和判断无

11、关时的将来，与人的主观愿望和判断无关时:The sun will rise at 6:30 tomorrow moring.第11页/共48页第十一页，共49页。三、现在三、现在(xinzi)进行时进行时1.用法(yn f)：2.结构:3.标志词：中考中考(zhn ko)模拟：模拟：-Mike,who_football in the yard?-Let me go and see.（20102010顺义）顺义）A.has playedB.will play C.was playingD.is playingA.现刻动作现刻动作：目前正在发生的动作。：目前正在发生的动作。B.现阶段动作现阶段动作

12、目前一个时期一直在进：目前一个时期一直在进行的动作，此刻不一定在进行。行的动作，此刻不一定在进行。now,Look!Listen!this week，these daysis/am/are+doing第12页/共48页第十二页，共49页。注意注意(zh y)A.有几个瞬间动词可以用现在进行有几个瞬间动词可以用现在进行(jnxng)时表将来，如：时表将来，如：begin,start,come,go,leave。1.-Lucy!Would you like to give me a hand?-OK.I_.A.will comeB.come C.am comingD.would come2.-W

13、hen_you_for Toronto?-Tomorrow.A.do;leaveB.are;leavingC.will;leavingD.shall;leave第13页/共48页第十三页，共49页。The boy _always _ us!B.现在现在(xinzi)进行时和进行时和always连用，连用，表示说话人较强烈的感情色彩。表示说话人较强烈的感情色彩。You _ always _ the same mistake!ishelping(夸赞夸赞(kuzn)aremaking(责备责备(zbi)第14页/共48页第十四页，共49页。四、过去四、过去(guq)进行时进行时1.用法(yn f)

14、2.结构：3.标志词：过去某时过去某时(mu sh)某段时间正在进某段时间正在进行的动作。行的动作。at that time,this time yesterday,then,when，last night，last year,at 9:00 yesterday；from seven to nine；yesterday,yesterday morningwas/were+doing第15页/共48页第十五页，共49页。含有含有when和和while引导的时间状语：引导的时间状语：主句主句(zh j)中的动作先于从句的动作发中的动作先于从句的动作发生，且进行时间较长时，主句生，且进行时间较长时

15、主句(zh j)用用过去进行时，从句用一般过去时过去进行时，从句用一般过去时The boy was walking down the street when the earthquake happened.从句中的动作先于主句从句中的动作先于主句(zh j)中的动作中的动作发生时，且进行的时间较长时，从句用过发生时，且进行的时间较长时，从句用过去进行时，主句去进行时，主句(zh j)用一般过去时用一般过去时When he was playing，all of us sat still and listened.若主从句动作同时进行时，从句一般用若主从句动作同时进行时，从句一般用while引导

16、引导He was reading a newspaper while I was watching TV.谁先发生谁先发生(fshng)谁谁用进行时用进行时第16页/共48页第十六页，共49页。1.用法用法(yn f)：12五、现在五、现在(xinzi)完成时完成时过去的动作过去的动作(dngzu)对现在对现在的影响。的影响。I have finished my homework.过去过去的动作持续到的动作持续到现在现在,还可能继续持续还可能继续持续。I have stayed here for an hour！2.结构结构have/has+done第17页/共48页第十七页，共49页。alr

17、eady,just,yet,ever,never,so far(till now/up to now),recently,in the past 3 years,before,since+时间时间(shjin)点点,for+时间时间(shjin)段段3.标志标志(biozh)词词 She has learnt English for 3 years.They have lived here since 1990.注意注意(zh y)：表示短暂时间动作的词，如：表示短暂时间动作的词，如come,go,die,join,buy等的完成时不能与等的完成时不能与for,since等表示一段等表示一段时

18、间的短语连用。时间的短语连用。第18页/共48页第十八页，共49页。4.瞬间动词瞬间动词(dngc)和延续性动词和延续性动词(dngc)若句中出现时间段，则必须使用若句中出现时间段，则必须使用延续性动词延续性动词(dngc)。瞬间动词。瞬间动词(dngc)和延续性动词和延续性动词(dngc)转换转换关系如下：关系如下：第19页/共48页第十九页，共49页。1.The film began 5 minutes ago.2.They left an hour ago.3.The man died a week ago.4.He joined the club 3 days ago.5.They g

19、ot married 10 years ago.6.He came here an hour ago.7.Jack got home 2 hours ago.8.Mum opened the door just now.9.I borrowed the book a week ago.10.I bought the car a year ago.The film_ _ _ for 5 minutes.They_ _ _for an hour.The man_ _ _ for a week.He_ _ _the club for 3 days.They_ _ _for 10 years.He_

20、 here since an hour ago.Jack_ _home for 2 hours.The door_ _open for a while.I_ _the book for a week.I_ _the car since a year ago.has been onhave been awayhas been deadhas been inhave been marriedhas beenhas beenhas beenhave kepthave had第20页/共48页第二十页，共49页。have been(to)和和have gone(to)的区别：的区别：have/has

21、 been(to)表示表示“曾经去过曾经去过”某某地地,说话时此人很说话时此人很 可能不在那里可能不在那里,已经回来。已经回来。侧重指经历。侧重指经历。have/has gone(to)表示某人表示某人“已经去已经去了了”某地，说话时此人在那里，或可能在某地，说话时此人在那里，或可能在路上路上(l shng)，反正不在这里。，反正不在这里。第21页/共48页第二十一页，共49页。短暂性动词短暂性动词(dngc)与延续性动词与延续性动词(dngc)将暂短性动词将暂短性动词(dngc)改为相应的延续性动词改为相应的延续性动词(dngc)或短语和一段时间连用，或短语和一段时间连用，其常用的方法有：其

22、常用的方法有：a.用相应的延续性动词用相应的延续性动词(dngc)替换的主要有：替换的主要有：buy have borrow keep catch/get a cold have a cold get to know know join the Party be a Party member第22页/共48页第二十二页，共49页。leave be away(from)die be deadbegin be on come here be herefall asleep be asleep join the Army be in the Armycome to work/live work/li

23、ve begin to study/teach study/teach第23页/共48页第二十三页，共49页。B.把误句中表示一段时间的状语改为把误句中表示一段时间的状语改为 表示过去时间的状语，原动词表示过去时间的状语，原动词(dngc)的完成时的完成时改为过去时改为过去时 He came here three months ago.C.用用“It is/has been+一段时间一段时间+since (一般过去时一般过去时)”结构。结构。It is/has been three months since he came here.第24页/共48页第二十四页，共49页。D.用用“多长时间多

24、长时间+has passed+since(一般一般(ybn)过过去时去时)”Three months has passed since he came here.(4)暂短暂短(zn dun)性动词的肯定式的完成时不能和性动词的肯定式的完成时不能和how long连用。如：连用。如：误：误：How long have you borrow the book?正：正：How long have you kept the book?正：正：When did you borrow the book?第25页/共48页第二十五页，共49页。动词的时态结构动词的时态结构(jigu)歌谣歌谣 一般现在一般

25、现在(xinzi)(xinzi)时，动词时，动词用原型；用原型；一一般般(ybn)时时单数三人称，单数三人称，动词加动词加“s”s”。一般过去时，一般过去时，动词加动词加“ed”ed”。I work.He works.I worked.第26页/共48页第二十六页，共49页。现在现在(xinzi)(xinzi)进行时进行时,进进行行(jnxng)时时过去过去(guq)(guq)进行时进行时,am,is,are,-ingam,is,are,-ing。was,were,-ingwas,were,-ing。第27页/共48页第二十七页，共49页。将将来来(jingli)时时一般一般(ybn)(ybn

26、)将将来时，来时，willwill加原型加原型(yunxng)(yunxng)。第28页/共48页第二十八页，共49页。完完成成(wn chng)时时现在现在(xinzi)(xinzi)完成时，完成时，have/hashave/has加过分加过分(gu(gufn)fn)。第29页/共48页第二十九页，共49页。Exercise 1.The volleyball match will be put off if it .A .will rain B.rains C.rained D.is raining 2.-Do you want to see the film“Harry Potter”?-

27、The film“Harry Potter”?I _ it.Its very wonderful.(2008黄岗中考黄岗中考(zhn ko)seen3.The boy _(not swim)in the river yet.hasnt swum第30页/共48页第三十页，共49页。5.-Where is Liu Mei?-She_(go)home.4.-Where is your father?-He _(watch)TV in the room.7.He asked what time they_(do)at eight last night.were doing8.I know that

28、he _(join)the army in1985.joined6.We dont know if it _(rain)tomorrow.If it _(rain)tomorrow,well not go for a picnic.is watchingwill rainrainshas gone第31页/共48页第三十一页，共49页。9.Hes not hungry.He_ just_(have)lunch.11.-_the Blacks _(visit)the Great Wall before?-Yes,they_.-When _they _(visit)it?-Only a month

29、 ago.10.Im sure he _(work)it out in one hour.has will workHave had visited havedid visit 第32页/共48页第三十二页，共49页。1.Sorry,I_to help you at ten.I was busy at the moment.A.wont come B.cant come C.didnt come D.shouldnt come2.He_this pen for five years.He_it in 1997.A.has bought,bought.B.bought,bought C.has

30、kept,has bought D.has had,bought3.She_the flowers in the garden when I_to see her yesterday.，went B.was watering，went，was going D.was watering，was going4.I don t know if my friend_.If he _,Ill let you know.A.comes,comes B.comes,will come C.will come,comes D.will come,will come第33页/共48页第三十三页，共49页。5.I

31、t_10 years since I_here.A.is,come B.is,have come C.was,came D.is,came6.His brother_from home for a long time.A.has left B.has been away C.left D.will leave 7.-Lucy,_you_your ticket?-Not yet.(2003河北省河北省)A.did;findB.have;foundC.has;foundD.do;find8.-I dont know if his uncle_-I think he_if it doesnt e;w

32、ill come;will come第34页/共48页第三十四页，共49页。9.-Hurry up!Its time to leave.-OK,_.(2003江西江西(jin x)A.Im comingB.Ill comeC.Ive comeD.I come10.I must return the camera to Li Lei,I_it for two weeks.A.keepB.borrowedC.have keptD.have lent(2003辽宁宁)11.-When_ this kind of computer_?-Last year.(2002天津天津)A.did;useB.wa

33、s;usedC.is;usedD.are;used12.-Jerry,_you_your lost book?-Not yet.A.did;findB.have;foundC.has;foundD.do;find13.Do you know if_back next week?If he_back,please let me know.(2002黑黑龙江江)A.he comes,will comeB.will he come;comesC.he will come;comesD.will he come,will come第35页/共48页第三十五页，共49页。be+done被动语态的基本被动

34、语态的基本(jbn)(jbn)结构结构:有各种时态有各种时态(sh ti)的变化的变化考点考点(ko din)(ko din)一一:第36页/共48页第三十六页，共49页。一般(ybn)现在时的被动语态：am/is/are+done一般(ybn)过去时的被动语态：was/were+done一般一般(ybn)将来时的被动语态：将来时的被动语态：will+be+donebe going to+be+done现在完成时的被动语态：现在完成时的被动语态：have/has+been+done含有情态动词的被动语态：含有情态动词的被动语态：情态动词情态动词+be+done第37页/共48页第三十七页，共4

35、9页。考点考点(ko din)(ko din)二二:被动语态中的特殊被动语态中的特殊(tsh)(tsh)情况情况:第38页/共48页第三十八页，共49页。Good medicine _ bitter to the mouth.A.tastes B.is tasted C.taste This pen _ well.A.is sold B.sell C.sells感官感官(gngun)动词动词,和和sell,write,wash，read，open，burn等动词用主动语等动词用主动语态表被动态表被动.第39页/共48页第三十九页，共49页。Many people _ during the ea

36、rthquake in May,2008.A.were died B.dead C.diedhappen,die,fit,take place,come true，belong to等动词(dngc)不使用被动.第40页/共48页第四十页，共49页。主动(zhdng):被动:see/hear sb.do sth be seen/heard to do sthmake sb.do sth.be made to do sth.使役动词使役动词(dngc)和感官动和感官动词词(dngc)再变为被动语态再变为被动语态时必须还原时必须还原to第41页/共48页第四十一页，共49页。The man _ c

37、lean the toilet because he _ rubbish bout when the police walked past the park.A.was made;was seen to throw B.was made to;was seen throwing C.made;saw第42页/共48页第四十二页，共49页。Children should _.A.take good care of B.be taken good care C.be taken good care of固定短语的被动不要丢掉后面的介固定短语的被动不要丢掉后面的介词词(jic)或副词或副词第43页/

38、共48页第四十三页，共49页。Your desk _.A.needs repair B.needs repairing C.needs to repairneed/requir/want可以用可以用-ing形式表示形式表示(biosh)被动被动need to be done =need doing第44页/共48页第四十四页，共49页。sth be worth doing是主动是主动(zhdng)表被动表被动This book is worth.A.read B.to read C.reading第45页/共48页第四十五页，共49页。巩固巩固(gngg)训训练：练：1.The key _fo

39、r locking the classroom door.2.A new school _over there in two years.A.may built B.may be built C.is built 3.He was made _yesterday.A.cry B.to cry C.crying D.to be cried4.The PRC_on October 1,1949.A.was found B.is found C.was founded D.is founded 5.A talk on Chinese history_in the school hall next w

40、eek.A.is given B.has been given C.will be given D.will giveBBBCC第46页/共48页第四十六页，共49页。Many thnks!第47页/共48页第四十七页，共49页。感谢您的观看(gunkn)！第48页/共48页第四十八页，共49页。内容(nirng)总结时态(sh ti)。The boy was walking down the street when the earthquake happened.。have been(to)和have gone(to)的区别：。join the Army be in the Army。will+be+done第四十九页，共49页。