高考阅读理解PPT课件.ppt

《高考阅读理解PPT课件.ppt》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《高考阅读理解PPT课件.ppt（44页珍藏版）》请在三一文库上搜索。

1、阅读理解阅读理解调查问卷调查问卷内容内容单选单选 完形完形 阅读阅读 听力听力 改错改错 写作写作百分比百分比10102323474710103 37 7在平时的高考模拟题操练中，我最在平时的高考模拟题操练中，我最不喜欢不喜欢做做的题型是的题型是原因：原因：词汇量大，句型复杂，篇幅长，较难读懂。词汇量大，句型复杂，篇幅长，较难读懂。篇数篇数太多，当读到太多，当读到D篇时已在崩溃边缘，读到篇时已在崩溃边缘，读到E篇时已完全麻木，若任务型简单些则能恢复篇时已完全麻木，若任务型简单些则能恢复知觉，否则将昏迷不醒。知觉，否则将昏迷不醒。分值大，很多选项模棱两可难以抉择，失分率分值大，很多选项模棱两可难

2、以抉择，失分率较高，很有挫败感。较高，很有挫败感。练习过程痛苦，见效太慢。练习过程痛苦，见效太慢。调查反馈调查反馈内容内容单选单选 完形完形 阅读阅读 听力听力 改错改错 写作写作百分比百分比20202323323214143 38 83 3、对于英语高考，我最没有把握并想快速提、对于英语高考，我最没有把握并想快速提高的题型是高的题型是 Please work hard at the Please work hard at the reading comprehension reading comprehension！阅读理解题考查的是考生阅读理解英语阅读理解题考查的是考生阅读理解英语篇章的能

3、力，文章涉及到人物、故事、经济、篇章的能力，文章涉及到人物、故事、经济、政治、新闻、广告、科普、文化、社会等多政治、新闻、广告、科普、文化、社会等多种题材种题材,涵盖了记叙文、说明文、议论文和涵盖了记叙文、说明文、议论文和应用文等多种体裁，它考查的不仅是考生对应用文等多种体裁，它考查的不仅是考生对整篇文章的把握能力整篇文章的把握能力,而且考查考生快速捕而且考查考生快速捕捉信息捉信息,准确理解特定细节以及复杂句子的准确理解特定细节以及复杂句子的能力。考生不仅要理解文章的表层意思能力。考生不仅要理解文章的表层意思,更更重要的是能通过文章的表层去合理推断重要的是能通过文章的表层去合理推断,挖挖掘文章

4、的隐含意义、延伸意义。掘文章的隐含意义、延伸意义。阅读理解考查内容阅读理解考查内容近六年阅读短文题材一览表(以全国卷I为例)ABCDE03科普类 新闻类 广告类 人文类 文化类04史地类 科普类 广告类 科普类 科普类05广告类 故事类 哲理类 科普类 文化类06文化类 文化类 广告类 社会类 哲理类07哲理类 文化类 广告类 社会类 哲理类08故事类 科普类 科普类 广告类 社会类 考试大纲考试大纲要求要求1 1、理解主旨和要义；、理解主旨和要义；2 2、理解文中具体信息；、理解文中具体信息；3 3、根据上下文推断生词的词义；、根据上下文推断生词的词义；4 4、做出简单判断和推理；、做出简单

5、判断和推理；5 5、理解文章的基本结构；、理解文章的基本结构；6 6、理解作者的意图、观点和态度。、理解作者的意图、观点和态度。阅读理解命题分类阅读理解命题分类主旨大意型主旨大意型事实细节型事实细节型词义猜测型词义猜测型推理判断型推理判断型命命题题类类主旨大意型主旨大意型常见提问形式常见提问形式1).主题型主旨大意题的题干表现形式:The main idea of the passage isThe passage is mainly aboutWhich of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the passa

6、ge?What is the passage mainly about?2).目的类主旨大意题The passage is meant to.The purpose of this article is to 3).标题类主旨大意题The best title for the passage might beThe paragraph could be entitledHow To Get The Main Idea?如何做主旨大意题如何做主旨大意题?如何做主旨大意题如何做主旨大意题 做此类题目时，首先要搞清是问某一段还是做此类题目时，首先要搞清是问某一段还是全文的大意，可利用文中主要信息来把

7、握文脉，全文的大意，可利用文中主要信息来把握文脉，进行综合归纳，概括文章的主题。如有标题，标进行综合归纳，概括文章的主题。如有标题，标题中的蕴含的信息往往是关键信息。另外，任何题中的蕴含的信息往往是关键信息。另外，任何一篇文章都是围绕某个主题展开的，因此，许多一篇文章都是围绕某个主题展开的，因此，许多文章中最明显的特点之一是有一个反复出现的中文章中最明显的特点之一是有一个反复出现的中心词，即高频词，也叫做主题词。抓住了它，便心词，即高频词，也叫做主题词。抓住了它，便容易抓住文章的中心。容易抓住文章的中心。第三第三:要学会借助文章的结构来把握中要学会借助文章的结构来把握中心思想。心思想。段落中心

8、思想段落中心思想常常由主题句常常由主题句(Topic sentence)来表达。主题句常常出来表达。主题句常常出现在段首现在段首(60%-90%)或段尾处或段尾处,有时也有时也在段落中间。同样在段落中间。同样,一篇文章的中心思一篇文章的中心思想想也常常在开始段或结尾段点出。因此也常常在开始段或结尾段点出。因此,在阅读中在阅读中,我们要对文章的开始段和结我们要对文章的开始段和结尾段及段落的主题句给予特别的注意。尾段及段落的主题句给予特别的注意。一、主旨大意型一、主旨大意型实战演练实战演练1 Smoking cigarettes is harmful to your health.Experime

9、nts show that cigarette smoking can cause cancer.Besides the most serious and terrible disease(illness),cancer,cigarette smoking also can cause other health problems.For example,it can give one a“smokers cough”.Finally,studies have shown it is easy for cigarette smokers to catch colds.Whether you ge

10、t an unimportant cold or terrible killer,cancer,smoking is harmful.Is it worth it?1 Smoking cigarettes is harmful to your health.Experiments show that cigarette smoking can cause cancer.Besides the most serious and terrible disease(illness),cancer,cigarette smoking also can cause other health proble

11、ms.For example,it can give one a“smokers cough”.Finally,studies have shown it is easy for cigarette smokers to catch colds.Whether you get an unimportant cold or terrible killer,cancer,smoking is harmful.Is it worth it?（1）主题句在段首）主题句在段首 一个主题句常常是一个段落的开头，其后的句子则是论证性细节。在论说文，科技文献和新闻报道中多采用这种格式。2 Often no o

12、ne looks more guilty than the innocent.On the other hand,nobody may look more innocent than a professi-onal criminal.And the man who knows“everything”may really only be trying to hide his own weakness.So,it is foolish to try to judge a person only by his appearance So,it is foolish totry to judge a

13、person only by his appearance（2）主题句也会出现在段尾。）主题句也会出现在段尾。作者先摆出事实依据作者先摆出事实依据,层层推理论证层层推理论证,最后自然得出结论最后自然得出结论,即段落的主题。本段的中心思想在结尾句得到体现即段落的主题。本段的中心思想在结尾句得到体现,它是它是此段内容的结论此段内容的结论 3 If you were planning to buy a television set,the following advertisement would certainly draw your attention:“Color TV.Only 79.Two

14、 days sale.Hu-rry.”However,when you go to the store ready to buy.You may discover that they are sold out.But the shop assistant is quick to tell you that he has another model.A much better set which is“just right for you”It costs 395.This sales trick is called“bait and switch”.Buyers are baited with

15、 a sales advertisement,and then they are switched to another more expensive one.Buying things on sale needs careful consideration of the goods and the reason for the sale.The paragraph could be entitled _.A.Buyer Be CarefulB.Closeout(出清存货)Sale C.Crime Pays D.Buying a TV Set This sales trick is calle

16、d“bait and switch”.（3 3）在短文中间）在短文中间）在短文中间）在短文中间当主题句被安排在段中间时当主题句被安排在段中间时,通常前面只提出问题，通常前面只提出问题，文中文中的主题由随之陈述的细节或合乎逻辑的引申在文中导出的主题由随之陈述的细节或合乎逻辑的引申在文中导出,而后又作进一步的解释而后又作进一步的解释,支撑或发展支撑或发展.4 Tom studied four years at the University of Paris and decided to leave before his graduation.He transferred to the Univer

17、sity of Berlin and graduated with honors.Harvard Law School and,later,Boston College provided him with an excellent legal background.He is presently a corporation lawyer in Miami,Florida.The main idea of this paragraph is that _.A.Tom,who had studied at Paris Universities for four years,moved to ano

18、ther university.B.Tom became a lawyer since his graduation from Harvard Law School and later from Boston College.C.Tom was an excellent student when he studied at Berlin university.D.Tom received an excellent education.detaildetaildetail一、主旨大意型一、主旨大意型解题要领解题要领A、干扰项干扰项 可能属文中某个具体事实或细节。可能属文中某个具体事实或细节。B、

19、干扰项干扰项 可能属从文中某些可能属从文中某些 (不完全的不完全的)事事 实或细节片面推出的错误结论。实或细节片面推出的错误结论。C、干扰项干扰项 可能属非文章事实的主观臆断。可能属非文章事实的主观臆断。D、正确项正确项 是根据文章意思全面理解而归纳是根据文章意思全面理解而归纳 概括出来的；但不能太笼统、言过概括出来的；但不能太笼统、言过 其实或以偏概全。其实或以偏概全。Types Of Paragraph StructurestypeThe position of the topicAt the beginningAt the endIn the middleNo clear topic s

20、entenced e t a i l sParagraph ideasPassage idea上下文上下文构词法构词法猜测词意猜测词义题常见设问方式:1.Theword“.”refersto/probablymeans2.Theunderlinedword“”couldbestbereplacedby3.Whatdoyouthinktheexpression“”standsfor?4.Bysaying“”,wemean5.“”,asusedinthepassagecanbestbedefinedas6.Whichofthefollowingwordscantaketheplaceofthewo

21、rd“”?7.Theunderlinedphrase“”isclosetinmeaningto.?8.Theunderlinedword“.”roughlymeans?How to guess the meanings of new words?A mosquito is a small flying pest that thrust the skin and then drink blood.Desert can be defined as a large area of land where there is not enough rain and vegetation to suppor

22、t human life.信号词：信号词：be,be called,means,be defined as1.Definition and explanation 利用定义和解释猜测词义；利用定义和解释猜测词义；蚊子蚊子沙漠沙漠Ex.1 A person who is skilled at making or repairing wooden objects is called a carpenter.His uncle is a zoologist,an expert who does research on animals.The herdsman,who looks after shee

23、p,earns about 650 yuan a year.木匠木匠 动物学家动物学家 牧人牧人Though Toms face has been washed quite clean,his neck still remains grubby.John usually wastes a lot of money on such useless things,his wife,however,is very thrifty.2.Guessing from Comparison and Contrast信号词信号词:but,however,yet,otherwise,while,though,o

24、n the one handon the other hand,for one thingfor another thing,instead of 等等污秽的污秽的节约的节约的Ex.2 In the past the world seemed to run in an orderly way.Now,however,everything seems to be in a state of turmoil.If you agree,write“yes”;if you dissent,write“no”.混乱混乱不同意不同意Rubber(橡胶橡胶)can be made to stretch mo

25、re than nine times its normal length because it is very elastic.The river is so turbid that it is impossible to see the bottom even when it is shallow.3.Guessing word from Cause and Result信号词信号词:because,since,as,for,due to,so,therefore,sothat,suchthat,thus,owing to,thanks to,result in,lead to,contri

26、bute to,result from,contribute to 弹性的弹性的混浊的混浊的Ex.3Hes such a shrewd businessman that he loses no money in any trade.She wanted the hairdresser to trim her hair a bit because it was too long.精明的精明的 修剪修剪Cars must have certain safety devices such as seat belt,headlights,and good brakes.On the farm they

27、 mainly raise poultry,such as chickens,ducks and geese,for their eggs and meat.家禽家禽装置装置 信号词信号词:such,such as,like,for example/instance,especially,include,consist of4.Guessing word from examples.In some countries where there is very little rain,the farmers have to irrigate,or water,their fields.All wh

28、ales fall into two groups,those with teeth and those without,Dolphins belong to odontoceti,that is to say,they are toothed whales.5.Guessing words according to retelling 信号词信号词:or,that is(to say),in other words,to put it another way,i.e.灌溉灌溉有牙齿的有牙齿的The new tax law supersedes or replaces the law that

29、 was in effect last year.Mother was tall,fat and middle-aged.My aunt was an old woman,almost as plump as mother,and much shorter.6.Guessing word from Synonym and Antonym 信号词信号词:or,and,like,asas,the same as替代替代圆胖的圆胖的,Is he intelligent or stupid?Most women in Ghana-the educated and illiterate,the urba

30、n and rural,the young and old-work to earn an income in addition to maintaining their roles as housewives and mothers.Their reputation for economic independence,self-reliance,and hard work is well known and well deserved.The underlined word“illiterate”in the passage means _.A.repeated B.reiterated.C

31、uneducated D.sickcleverEx.6When a doctor performs an operation on a patient,he usually gives an anaesthetic to make him unconscious,because he does not want his patient to feel pain or to know what is happening to him.When you throw a stone into still water of a lake,you will watch a ripple spread

32、in rings on the surface of water.7.Guessing words according to the common sense 麻药麻药波纹波纹 8.Word formation 即根据前缀、后缀、复合、派生即根据前缀、后缀、复合、派生 等构词知识判断生词的词义等构词知识判断生词的词义(1)Overwork may cause diseases.前缀前缀over-的意思是的意思是“过分的、过量的过分的、过量的”故故overwork的意思应为的意思应为“工作过度工作过度”。(2)There was a dissatisfied look in the manage

33、rs eyes.satisfied的意思是的意思是“满意的满意的”，前缀，前缀dis-的意思是的意思是“不不”，故，故dissatisfied的意思应该是的意思应该是“不满意的不满意的”。生活生活常识常识重述重述对比对比转折转折因果因果关系关系举例说明举例说明同义词同义词反义词反义词构词法构词法定义定义猜猜 conclusion1.When some kind of pain killer was brought out recently,researchers found that the colors turned the customers off because they made t

34、he product look weak and ineffective.Eventually,it came on the market in a dark blue and white package-blue because we think of it as safe,and white as calm.(2004年NMET全国，广东卷)65.The underlined part“the colors turned the customers off”(in Para.3)means that the colors_.A.had weak effects on the custome

35、rsB.tricked the customers into shopping C.caused the customers to lose interestD.attracted the customers strongly通过因果法可知答案为C2.(NMET2002,E篇,74)A childs birthday party doesnt have to be a hassle;it can be a basket of fun,according to Beth Anaclerio,an Evaston mother of two,ages 4 and 18 months.74.What

36、 does the under lined word hassle probably mean?A.a party designed by specialists B.a plan requiring careful thought C.a situation causing difficulty or trouble D.a demand made by guests解析:反义法由前句的否定doesnt与后句的肯定can be这一对比关系，可以推断出,为了庆祝孩子的生日,又不至于麻烦,可以买一个生日开心包。hassle的意思应该与fun相反,而与difficulty,trouble等相近。故

37、答案为C。3.One mistaken idea about business isthatitcanbetreatedasagameofperfectinformation.Quitethereverse.Business,politics,life itself are games which wemustnormallyplaywithveryimperfectinformation.(NMET2000)Whichofthefollowingcanbeusedinplaceof“Quitethereverse”?A.Quiteright.B.Trueenough.C.Mostunlike

38、ly.D.JusttheoppositeD 4.RememberthatPeopleonlinemaynotbewhotheyseem.Becauseyoucantseeorevenheartheperson.Itwouldbeeasyforsomeone to misrepresent himself/herself.Thussomeonewhosaysthatsheisa12-year-oldgirl.couldreallybeanoldman.Theunderlinedwordprobablymeans_.makingawrongjudgmentaboutB.understandingsomebodywronglyC.givingawrongdescriptionofD.formingawrongopinionabout 5.Imaresolute man.OnceIsetupagoal,Iwontgiveitupeasily.A.frightenB.braveandcarelessC.firmD.angry