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1、沈阳理工大学学士学位论文附录一：英文原文RobotG. Gary WangAssistantProfessorDept.ofMechanicalandIndustrialEngineering,UniversityofManitoba,Winnipeg,MB, R3T 5V6 Canadae Robots classificationSeveral thousand years ago the humanity longed for that makes one kind of elephant persons same machine, in order to extricates the

2、humanity from the arduous work. If the ancient Greece poet Homeros lengthy narrative poem Yiliyate god of lame sea time of Si Tesi smelting, uses the gold casting to have a beautiful intelligent maidservant; Greek mythology Lu Elder brother Discovery ship bronze giant Tailuosi (Taloas); Judea in fab

3、les soil giant and so on, these beautiful myth times were driving the people must certainly become the beautiful myth the reality, as early as started before two millenniums to present the automatic wooden figurine and some simple mechanical figurines. to the modern times, in after a robot words app

4、earance and the world the first industry robot comes out, the different functions robot also one after another appears, and enlivened in the different domain, from the space to the underground, developed from the industry broadly to the agriculture, the forest, the herd, the fishing, even entered th

5、e common family. Robots many type, broad application, affects the depth, is we are unexpected. Divides from robots use, may divide into two broad headings:Military robot: ground military robot The ground robot is mainly refers to the intelligence or the remote control wheeled and the track-laying ve

6、hicle. The ground military robot may divide into the independent vehicles and half independent vehicles. The independent vehicles depend upon the own intelligent autonomous navigation, the avoidance obstacle, the independence complete each kind of combat mission; Half independent vehicles may exerci

7、se independently under persons surveillance, when encounters the difficulty the operators may carry on the remote control intervention. unmanned aerial vehicleIs called the airborne robots unmanned aerial vehicle is in the military robot develops the quickest family, the first autopilot has been pub

8、lished since 1913, unmanned aerial vehicles fundamental type has achieved 300 many kinds, at present the unmanned aerial vehicle which sells in the world market has 40 many kinds. The US participated in nearly the world all important wars. Is advanced as a result of its science and technology, the n

9、ational strength is strong, thus 80 for many years, the world unmanned aerial vehicles development basically has been prompts forward by the line. The US studies one of unmanned aerial vehicle earliest countries, regardless of today looking from technical level or unmanned aerial vehicles type and q

10、uantity, the US occupies the world leader. the comprehensive survey unmanned aerial vehicle develops the history, may say that the modern warfare is the power which the unmanned aerial vehicle develops, the high technology and new technology development is the foundation which it progresses unceasin

11、gly. underwater robotThe underwater robot divides into some person of robots and nobody robot two broad headings: Some person of submersibles mobile nimble, is advantageous for the processing complex question, holds the post the life will possibly have the danger, moreover the price will be expensiv

12、e. The unmanned submersible is the underwater robot which the people said that “Shinao” is one kind. It is suitable for the long time, the wide range inspection duty, in the recent 20 years, the underwater robot had the very big development, they both may military and be possible civil. Further deve

13、lops along with the human to the sea, in the 21st century they will certainly to have a more widespread application. According to the unmanned submersible and the water surface support equipment (depot ship or platform) contact methods difference, the underwater robot may divide into two broad headi

14、ngs: One kind has the cable underwater robot, in the custom is called as it controls remotely the submersibles, is called ROV; Another kind does not have the cable underwater robot, in the submersibles custom is called as it the autonomous submersibles, is called AUV. Has the cable robot is the remo

15、te control type, divides into towed, (seabed) according to its mode of motion the mobile and the float (from navigation) the formula three kinds. Does not have the cable underwater robot only to be able to be autonomous -like, at present also only then the observation float type one mode of motion,

16、but its prospect is bright. spatial robotThe spatial robot is one kind of low end light teleoperator, may in the planet atmospheric environment the guidance and the flight. Therefore, it must overcome many difficulties, for example it must be able, in changes unceasingly in three dimensional environ

17、ment movement and autonomous navigation; Cannot pause nearly; Must be able real-time to determine it in the spatial position and the condition; Must be able to carry on the control primarily to the American its vertical movement; Must forecast and plan the way for its star border flight.Civil robot:

18、 industry robot The industry robot is refers to the industry the application one kind can carry on the automatic control, to be possible to duplicate programs, multi-purpose, the multi-degrees-of-freedom, the multipurpose operation machine, can transport the material, the work piece or manages the t

19、ool, with completes each kind of work. And this kind of operation machine may fix in a place, may also on the reciprocal motion car. service robotThe service robot is in a robot familys young member, so far still did not have a strict definition, the different country to serves robots understanding

20、also to have certain difference. Serves robots application scope to be very broad, is mainly engaged in work and so on maintenance, maintenance, repair, transportation, clean, security, rescue, guardianship. The German production technology and Institute of Automation manager executed Dr. Lafute for

21、 to serve the robot to give this kind of definition: Serves the robot is the shifter which one kind may program freely, it should have three motive axles at least, may partially or the completely automatic completes the services. Here services refer to are not the servicing activities which is engag

22、ed in for the industrial production goods, but refers to the services which the manner and the unit complete. entertainment robotThe entertainment robot take watches, the entertainment for the human as a goal, has robots exterior characteristic, may look like the human, some kind of animal, looks li

23、ke in the fairy tale or the science fiction character likely and so on. Simultaneously has robots function, may walk or complete the movement, may have the verbal skill, will sing, has certain sensation ability. kind of person robot May see from other categorys robot, the majority robots do not look

24、 like the human, some do not even have a persons appearance, this point to cause many robot amateurs to be greatly disappointed. Perhaps you will ask, for system class person robot? Such robot will be easier to let the human accept. Actually, develops the outward appearance and the function and pers

25、ons same robot is the desire which the scientists long for even in dreams, is also the goal which they pursue unremittingly. However, develops the performance outstanding kind of person robot, its biggest difficulty is both feet erectness walks. Because the robot and persons study way is dissimilar.

26、 A baby wants to study first walks, then studies runs; But the robot must study first runs, then studies walks. That is the robot study runs easier. agricultural robotBecause the mechanization, the automaticity are quite backward, “the surface faces upwards toward the loess back, did not have time t

27、hroughout the year” has become our country farmers symbol. But recent years agricultural robots being published, hopefully changed traditional the work way. In the agricultural robots aspect, Japan resides in head at present the various countries.Robot historyUSThe US is robots birthplace, as early

28、as developed in the world in 1962 the first industry robot, compares was known as the robot kingdom Japan to start must at least early 56 years. After more than 30 years development, the US already became one in world robot powerful nations, the foundation is abundant, technological advance. The com

29、prehensive survey its history, the path is winding, is not smooth. Because The US government from the 60s to the 70ss in ten several years period, has not included the industry robot the prioritize project, was only has done some research work in several universities and the minority company. Regard

30、ing the enterprise, in only saw the momentary interests of the day, the government does not have the financial support in the situation, rather misses the good opportunity, defends stubbornly in the use rigidity automation installment, is also not willing to run risks, applies or makes the robot. In

31、 addition, at that time the American unemployment rate reached as high as 6.65%, the government worried that the development robot can cause more people to be unemployed, therefore does not give the investment, also does not organize to develop the robot, this has no alternative but saying that is T

32、he US governments strategic decision is wrong. In the late 70s, although The US government and the business community had take seriously, but still placed in the technical route the key point the research robot software and the military, the universe, the sea, the nuclear engineering and so on the s

33、pecial domain high-quality robots development, caused Japans industry robot to catch up, and surpassed the US very quickly in industrial productions application and the robot manufacturing industry, the product has formed the strong competitive power in the international market. After the 80s, the U

34、S only then feels the situation to be urgent, the government and the business community only then truly takes seriously to the robot, in the policy also has manifests, on the one hand encourages the industrial world development and the application robot, on the other hand the making plan, the enhanc

35、ement investment, increase robots research funds, regards as the American once more industrialization the robot the characteristic, causes USs robot rapidly expand. In the late 80s, applies robots technical gradually maturing along with each big factory, the first generation of robots technical perf

36、ormance could be getting more and more dissatisfied the actual need, the US starts to produce has the second generation of robot which the vision, the strength thought that and has seized the American 60% robot market very quickly. the US passes through one in the robot history to take the fundament

37、al research freely, the neglect application development research road diversion, but USs robot technology internationally still has been in the leading position. Its technology is comprehensive, is advanced, the compatibility is also very strong. Concrete manifestation in: (1) the perform reliably,

38、the function is comprehensive, the precision is high; (2) the robot language study development is quick, the linguistic type many, applies broadly, the level comes first in of high world; (3) the intelligence technological development is quick, its vision, sense of touch and so on artificial intelli

39、gence technology already in astronautics, automobile industry widespread application; (4) high development and so on intelligent, high difficulty military robot, outer space robot are rapid, mainly uses in the mine clearance, laying mines, the reconnaissance, to stand guard and the outer space surve

40、y aspect. EnglandAs early as in 1966, American Unimation Corporations You Ni the Munder robot and the AMF Corporations fertile sha especially blue robot already took the lead to enter the British market. in 1967 Britains two greatly mechanical companies also especially for American these two robot c

41、ompany in British sales promotion robot. Then, British Hall Automation Corporation develops own robot RAMP. In the early 70s, because the British government Scientific research Committee has promulgated the denial artificial intelligence and robots Lighthall reported that has implemented the limit d

42、evelopment stern measures to the industry robot, thus the robot industry is unable to recover, almost resides in the lowliest place in Western Europe.But, internationally the robot vigorous developments situation very quickly causes the British Government to realize: Robot technologys backwardness,

43、causes its commodity in international market competitive power is the drop greatly. Therefore, started from the late 70s, the British government transferred has the support manner, carried out and implements has a series of supported the policies and measures which the robot developed, like the wide

44、spread propaganda used robots importance, in the finance for the purchase robot enterprise subsidy, to promote the robot research unit and the cartel positively and so on, made the British robot to start the prosperous time which and developed vigorously in the realm of production widespread applica

45、tion.FranceFrance not only resides in the world leader in the robot capacity, moreover is in the world advanced level in the robot application level and the application scope. This mainly gives credit the French government quite takes the robot technology from the very beginning, specially places th

46、e key point develops in robots applied research.The French robots development is quite smooth, the primary cause is the research project which supports vigorously through the government, establishes a complete science and technology system. Namely by Official organization some robot foundation techn

47、ology aspect research project, but applies and develops the aspect by the industrial world support development the work, both complement one another, cause the robot at the French business community very quick development and the popularization.German The Germany industry robots total occupies world

48、 third, is only inferior to Japan and the US. Here said Germany, what mainly refers to is original Federal Republic of Germany. It compared to British and Sweden introduction robot approximately late 56 years. Its therefore so, is because of a Germanys robot industry start, met the domestic economy

49、not to be booming. But Germanys social environment is actually is advantageous to the robot industrial development. Because of the war, causes the labor force to be short, as well as the national technical level is high, is realizes uses robots advantage. To the 70s mid and late part, the government has used the administrative method to pave the way for robots promotion; Stipulated in the improvement work condition