高二英语定语从句课件.ppt

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1、 The Attributive Clause定语从句定语从句定语从句的特点定语从句的特点:用来修饰或限定一个名用来修饰或限定一个名 词词,并放在名词之后并放在名词之后.引导定语从句的关系代词和关系副词的作引导定语从句的关系代词和关系副词的作用用:1 引导定语从句引导定语从句,起引导词作用起引导词作用.2 代替被修饰词代替被修饰词.3 在从句中充当句子成分在从句中充当句子成分:关系代词关系代词 that,which,who 在从句在从句中作主语中作主语宾语宾语;whom作宾语作宾语;whose作定语作定语.关系副词关系副词 where,when,why 在句在句中作地点状语，时间状语，原因状语

2、中作地点状语，时间状语，原因状语.定语从句的种类定语从句的种类:限定性定语从句和非限限定性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。制性定语从句。限定性定语从句限定性定语从句:对先行词起修饰和限定对先行词起修饰和限定作用作用,是不可缺少的成分是不可缺少的成分,没有了附加信没有了附加信息息,我们就不知道谈论的是谁或是什么我们就不知道谈论的是谁或是什么事事,在这样的从句中在这样的从句中不使用逗号不使用逗号.非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句:非限制性定语从句中非限制性定语从句中的附加信息可以省去的附加信息可以省去,没有了附加信息没有了附加信息,我们仍能清楚谈论的是谁我们仍能清楚谈论的是谁,什么事什么事,这样这样的

3、从句的从句使用逗号使用逗号.the handsomethe tallthe strong the cleverthe naughtyboyThe boy is Tom.The boy who is handsome is Tom.The boy who is tall is Tom.The boy who is strong is TomThe boy who is clever is TomThe boy who is naughty is Tom.The boy is Tom.The boy is smiling.The boy is Tom.The boy has a round fac

4、e.The boy who is smiling is Tom.(主语主语)The boy who has a round face is Tom.The boy is Tom.He sits in front of me.The man who sits in front of me is Tom.The man is kind.Everyone likes him.The man(who)everyone likes is kind.(宾语宾语)The woman got the job.We saw her on the street.The woman(whom)we saw on t

5、he street got the job.The teacher will give us a talk.We met the teacher yesterday.The teacher(whom)we met yesterday will give us a talk.关系代词关系代词:1.who指人指人,作主语或宾语作主语或宾语(作宾语可省略）作宾语可省略）The man who I talked with is our teacher.A person who steals things is called a thief.2.whom指人指人,作宾语作宾语 (作宾语可省略作宾语可省略

6、如介词提前则不能省如介词提前则不能省)The man(whom/who)I nodded to is Mr.Li.The man to whom I nodded is Professor Li.applethe redthe greenthe smallthe bigThe apple which is red is mine.The apple which is green is yours.The apple which is red is smallThe apple which is green is big.Mrs.Clark is angry with the goat.The

7、 goat is eating her flowers.Mrs.Clark is angry with the goat which is eating her flowers.Can you lend me the book?You talked about it last night.Can you lend me the book(which)you talked about last night.Can you lend me the book about which you talked last night?Do you find the pen?I wrote with it j

8、ust now.Do you find the pen with which I wrote just now?Do you find the pen(which)I wrote with just now?3.which 指物，指物，作主语或宾语作主语或宾语(作宾语可省略作宾语可省略,如介词提前则不能省如介词提前则不能省)These are the trees which were planted last year.This recorder（which）he is using ismade in Japan.Is this the library(which)you borrow boo

9、ks from?Is this the library from which you borrowbooks?that 指人指人/物，作主语或宾语物，作主语或宾语(作宾语可省略）作宾语可省略）A plane is a machine.It can fly.A plane is a machine that can fly.He is the man.I told you about him.He is the man(that)I told you about.He is the man(that)I told you about.注意：介词提前时只能用注意：介词提前时只能用which 而不能

10、用而不能用that。4.that 指人指人/物，作主语或宾语物，作主语或宾语(作宾语可省略）作宾语可省略）A plane is a machine that can fly.Is this the library from which you borrow books?from that(1)The scientist is very famous in the world.We met her yesterday.The scientist we met yesterday is very famous who in the world.whom that(2)The dress is ne

11、w.She is wearing it.The dress that she is wearing is new.which that和和which在指物的情况下一般都可以互换在指物的情况下一般都可以互换,但在下列情况下但在下列情况下,一般用一般用that而不用而不用which。I am sure she has something(that)you can borrow.Ive read all the books that are not mine.This is the first book(that)he has read.This is the very book that belo

12、ngs to him.(1)先行词为先行词为all,everything,nothing,something,anything,little,much,none,the one等不定代词时。等不定代词时。(2)先行词被先行词被all,every,no,some,any,little,much等等 修饰时。修饰时。(3)先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时。先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时。(4)先行词被先行词被the only,few,just,right,the very,the same,the last修饰时。修饰时。(5)当先行词为人和物的名词词组时。当先行词为人和物的名词词组时。They tal

13、ke of persons and things(that)they remember in the school.(6)当先行词指物当先行词指物,在句中作表语。在句中作表语。This is the book that you borrowed.(7)主语前有主语前有 who,whom时时(8)在在 there be或或 there live 结构中，先行词指结构中，先行词指物时物时 There is a book on the desk that I am interested in.(9)在在 way 方法后方法后,常用常用 that 代替代替 how,in which结构结构 That

14、was the way(that)he did it.(10)time 表示次数，前有序数词修饰时。表示次数，前有序数词修饰时。(11)先行词前有先行词前有 the same 修饰时或当先行词和关修饰时或当先行词和关系代词指同一个人或物时。系代词指同一个人或物时。This is the same man that/who I told you.(12)当疑问词当疑问词 who,which,what 开头的疑问句为开头的疑问句为避免重复用避免重复用 that.只用只用which不用不用that的情况的情况(1)引导非限制性定语从句时。引导非限制性定语从句时。(2)当关系词前有介词时当关系词前有介

15、词时 The room in which my family live.(3)当先行词本身为当先行词本身为 that 时时.That which you told him about is what we want to know.当先行词是表示时间的名词（当先行词是表示时间的名词（year,month,day,night)关系代词代替先行词在定语从句中做时关系代词代替先行词在定语从句中做时间状语，一般用间状语，一般用 when 引导定语从句，也可以用引导定语从句，也可以用介词介词+which的结构。但应注意的是的结构。但应注意的是 which 前介词的选择应根据先行词而定前介词的选择应根据先

16、行词而定.Eg:The day when was born was Aug,20,1998.The day on which he was born was Aug,20,1998.当先行词是表示地点的名词当先行词是表示地点的名词(country,room,school)关系代词代替先行词在定语从句中做地点状语关系代词代替先行词在定语从句中做地点状语,一般用一般用where引导定语从句，也可以用介词引导定语从句，也可以用介词+which的结构的结构.Eg:The desk where I put my bag is this.The desk on which I put my bag is

17、this.why指原因，引导定语从句指原因，引导定语从句He cant give the reason why he likes watching Tv.way后面的的定语从句有三种情况后面的的定语从句有三种情况:在比较正式问题中用在比较正式问题中用 in which一般情况用一般情况用 thatIn which 和和that都可省略都可省略one of+复数名词中复数名词中,关系代词引导的从句中的关系代词引导的从句中的谓语动词用复数谓语动词用复数,但如果但如果one前有前有only,exactly等修饰等修饰one时时,谓语动词用单数。谓语动词用单数。Eg:This is one of th

18、e most interesting questions that have been asked.This is the only one of questions that has been asked.表示人的关系代词表示人的关系代词 who在口语中可代替在口语中可代替whom,但关系代词前有介词时但关系代词前有介词时,只能用只能用whom，但如果把介词放在句尾，两者都可以，但如果把介词放在句尾，两者都可以用。用。Eg:Here is the girl who/whom we have been looking for.Here is the girl for whom we have

19、been looking.关系代词关系代词 as引导的定语从句引导的定语从句A,as引导的定语从句可指人也可指物，常与引导的定语从句可指人也可指物，常与 the same，such，so等连用，在句中作等连用，在句中作主语，宾语，表语等。主语，宾语，表语等。Eg:Such peole as you described just now are rare today.(as代替人，作宾语）代替人，作宾语）He is not the same man as he was.（as代替人，作表语）代替人，作表语）Lets discuss such problems as concern everyon

20、e of us.（as代替事物，做主语）代替事物，做主语）B.关系代词关系代词 as可引导非限制性定语从句可引导非限制性定语从句,代替代替整个主句的意思整个主句的意思,其位置比较灵活其位置比较灵活,可位于句可位于句首首,句中句中,句末句末.而而 which引导的非限制性定语引导的非限制性定语从句只能置于主句之后。从句只能置于主句之后。As we all know,English is easy to learn.English,as we all know,is easy to learn.as有时也可作关系副词有时也可作关系副词 引导定语从句，与关引导定语从句，与关系代词一样系代词一样,主句

21、中也应该有主句中也应该有the same,such,so等与之相呼应，等与之相呼应，as在从句中作状语。在从句中作状语。Eg:I shall use the instrument in such a way as he used it yesterday.(as指代指代 in such a way)the very place 后用后用 where引导定语从句引导定语从句 关系代词和关系副词的选择关系代词和关系副词的选择 1.代替先行词的关系词在从句中担任什么成分。代替先行词的关系词在从句中担任什么成分。2.先行词表示的是人，物，时间，地点还是原先行词表示的是人，物，时间，地点还是原因。因。3.引导的是限制性还是非限制性定语从句。引导的是限制性还是非限制性定语从句。