2022年考博英语-河北农业大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷56附答案带详解.docx
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1、2022年考博英语-河北农业大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷(附答案带详解)1. 单选题During the election campaign, the party vowed to _ environmental considerations into all its policies.问题1选项A.associateB.uniteC.incorporateD.combine【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项associate“联系”;B选项unite“(与某人或集体)联结;联合”,unite in doing sth.;C选项incorporate“将包括在内;使并入”,incorpor
2、ate sth. into sth.;D选项combine“结合;组合”,combine sth. with sth.。句意:在竞选期间,该党郑重宣告将环境因素_其所有政策。根据语境和单词用法,C选项incorporate“将包括在内;使并入”符合题意,意思是指政策将包含环境方面的问题。因此C选项正确。2. 单选题Some materials will conduct heat better than others. These materials are said _good conductors.问题1选项A.to beB.areC.having beenD.being【答案】A【解析】考
3、查动词用法。said后接不定式,said to be“被认为”。句意:有些材料导热比其他材料好,这些材料被叫作热的良导体。所以选A。3. 翻译题The carrot- and -stick theory of motivation (like Newtonian physical theory) works reasonably well under certain circumstances. 1. The means for satisfying mans physiological and (within limits), his safety needs can be provided
4、 or withheld by management. Employment itself is such a means and so are wages, working conditions and benefits. By these means the individual can be controlled so long as he is struggling for subsistence.But the carrot-and-stick theory does not work at all once man has reached an adequate subsisten
5、ce level and is motivated primarily by higher needs. Management cannot provide a man with self-respect or with the respect of his fellows, or with the satisfaction of needs for self- fulillment. 2. It can create such conditions that he is encouraged and enabled to seek such satisfactions for himself
6、 or it can thwart him by failing to create those conditions.But this creation of conditions is not “control”. It is not a good device for directing behavior.And so management finds itself in an odd position. The high standard of living created by our modern technological know-how provides quite ade
7、quately for the satisfaction of physiological and safely needs. The only significant exception is where management practices have not created confidence in a “fair break” and thus where safety needs are thwarted. 3. But by making possiblethe satisfaction of low-level needs, management has deprived i
8、tself of the ability to use as motivators the devices on which conventional theory has taught it to rely-rewards, promises, incentives, or threats and other coercive devices.4. The philosophy of management by direction and control regardless of whether it is hard or soft is inadequate to motivate be
9、cause the human needs on which this approach relies are today unimportant motivators of behavior. Direction and control are essentially useless in motivating people whose important needs are social and egoistic. Both the hard and the soft approach fail today because they are simply irrelevant to the
10、 situation. 5. People, deprived of opportunities to satisfy at work the needs which are now important to them, behave exactly as we right predict with indolence, passivity, resistance to change, lack of responsibility, willingness to follow the demagogue, unreasonable demands for economic benefits.
11、It would seem that we are caught in a web of our own weaving.【答案】1. 【参考译文】这是满足人的生理和(在一定限度内)安全需要的手段,可以由管理部门提供,也可以不提供。就业本身就是一种手段,工资、工作条件和福利也是如此。通过这些手段,只要一个人在为生存而挣扎,他就可以被控制。2. 【参考译文】它可以创造这样的条件,鼓励并使他能够为自己寻求这样的满足,也可以通过不创造这些条件来阻挠他。3. 【参考译文】但是,通过满足低层需求,管理者丧失了使用激励器的能力,而传统理论已将其作为奖励、承诺、激励或威胁以及其他强制性手段所依赖的手段。4.
12、 【参考译文】不管是硬还是软,通过方向和控制进行管理的哲学都无法激发人们的积极性,因为如今这种方法所依赖的人类需求已不再是行为的重要推动者。5. 【参考译文】人们被剥夺了在工作中满足现在对他们来说很重要的需求的机会,他们表现得恰如我们所预料的那样,表现为懒惰、消极、抵制变革、缺乏责任感、乐于追随煽动者、对经济利益的不合理要求。4. 单选题Those naughty boys were caught _flowers in the garden again.问题1选项A.to stealB.stealingC.having stolenD.to have stolen【答案】B【解析】考查现在分
13、词的用法。现在分词放在另一动作之后,表示主语在进行谓语动向所表示的动作的同时正在进行另一个动作,此时现在分词对谓语动词起修饰或陪衬的作用。句意:那些淘气的男孩又在花园里偷花被抓了,因此根据句意B项为正确答案。catch的常见用法catch sb doing sth“发现某人正在做某事”,转换为被动用法则是sb be caught doing sth,因此A和D项均错误;C项使用的是现在分词的完成式,与句意不符,故排除。5. 单选题Government reports, examination compositions, legal documents and most business let
14、ters are the main situations _ formal language is used.问题1选项A.in whichB.on whichC.in thatD.at what【答案】A【解析】考查定语从句。formal language is used是用来修饰situations的定语从句,并且是一个完整的句子,可知横线上的部分充当关系副词,根据短语in the situation可知横线部分表示地点,所以答案选A选项in which,B选项on which错误。in what用法错误,故C选项in what错误。at what用法错误,D选项at what错误。句意:
15、政府报告、考试作文、法律文件和大多数商务信函是使用正式语言的主要情况。因此A选项正确。6. 单选题We must improve the farming method _ we may get high yields.问题1选项A.thereforeB.as.C.in order thatD.if【答案】C【解析】考查词义辨析。A选项therefore“所以”,副词,修饰动词,后面不接句子;B选项as“因为”,连词,后面加句子;C选项in order that“为了;以便”,后面加从句;D选项if“如果”,连词,后面加句子。句意:_获得高产量,我们必须改进耕作方法。根据语境,这里提高产量是目的
16、C选项in order that“为了;以便”符合题意。因此C选项正确。7. 单选题The theory of plate tectonics describes the motions of the lithosphere, the comparatively rigid outer layer of the Earth that includes all the crust and part of the underlying mantle. The lithosphere is divided into a few dozen plates of various sizes and s
17、hapes, in general the plates are in motion with respect to one another. A mid-ocean ridge is a boundary between plates where new lithospheric material is injected from below. AS the plates diverge from a mid-ocean ridge they slide on a more yielding layer at the base of the lithosphere.Since the siz
18、e of the Earth is essentially constant, new lithosphere can be created at the mid-ocean ridges only if an equal amount of lithospheric material is consumed elsewhere. The site of this destruction is another kind of plate boundary: a subduction zone. There one plate dives under the edge of another an
19、d is reincorporated into the mantle. Both kinds of plate boundary are associated with fault systems, earthquakes and volcanism, but the kinds of geologic activity observed at the two boundaries are quite different.The idea of sea-food spreading actually preceded the theory of plate tectonics. In its
20、 original version, in the early 1960s, it described the creation and destruction of the ocean floor, but it did not specify rigid lithospheric plates. The hypothesis was substantiated soon afterward by the discovery that periodic reversals of the Earths magnetic field are recorded in the oceanic cru
21、st. As magma rises under the mid-ocean ridge, ferromagnetic minerals in the magma become magnetized in the direction of the geomagnetic field. When the magma cooks and solidifies, the direction and the polarity of the field are preserved in the magnetized volcanic rock. Reversals of the field give r
22、ise to a series of magnetic stripes running parallel to the axis of the rift. The oceanic crust thus serves as a magnetic tape recording of the history of the geomagnetic field that can be dated independently the width of the stripes indicates the rate of the sea-floor spreading.1. What is the main
23、topic of the passage?2. According to the passage, there are approximately how many lithospheric plates?3. Which of the following is true about tectonic plates?4. According to the passage, which of the following statements about the lithosphere is LEAST likely to be true?5. What does the author imply
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