雅思写作_分类总结+流程图.doc

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1、Society和平稳定(harmony)keeps society safe and stable(while conflicts disturbs social order)=maintain social stability缓解交通与贫穷Relieve traffic congestion/povertyCulture communication剔除/构成障碍Remove the barrier forbe a ignorance/an impediment to促进文化交流(Effectively) promote the cultural communication and inter

2、action between and (nations that are different cultural)=contribute toward the mutual understanding between and 保护/腐蚀文化erode the national identity /nation pride preserve the national identity /boost nation pride少面对面交流Less face to face communication不同文化Different culture background 国际商人International b

3、usinesspeopleTechnology电脑数码化Computerisation and digitisation .科技快速The staggering advance of technologyIT发展The Upgrade in the IT industryDevelopment促进发展Promote/facilitate the development of.Right & responsibilities有责任Have a duty /obligation to do =be obligated to do sth=be accountable for.肩负/逃避责任=Ass

4、ume /shoulder the responsibility / duty forshirk responsibility /duty =Be exempt from (paying tax)剥夺权利Deprive sb of sth Population人口暴涨The population is booming 抑制人口Curb the population explosionEnvironment遏止污染Curb the proliferation of pollution= ban/ prohibit/eliminate sth 种族灭绝Extinction of these spe

5、cies stop disturbing the ecological balance on our planet.生态污染Severe pollution of ecosystem水缺 water scarcity消耗资源Put a strain on nth Crime 提高/降低犯罪率Fuel the surge incrime=drive up the crime ratelower the crime rate青少年犯罪暴涨The alarming rise in youth crime抑制犯罪Curb the proliferation of crime=ban/ prohibit

6、/eliminate sth mind &fun放松身体Relax their bodies and ease their minds提高快乐=afford sb entertainment and pleasure归属感afford people a sense of belonging/ fulfilment /achievement /security /job satisfaction=reward people emotionallymake people feel disoriented /frustrated增强亲情strengthen family ties=reinforce

7、 family ties/bonds 减轻负担Relieve ones academic /financial/ psychological burden减轻痛苦Relieve pain危害休闲Seriously dimish individuals leisure time 驱逐孤独Drive away individuals loneliness剥夺好生活Deprive （city-dwellers ）of （fresh air and the comfortable pace of life ）生活快节奏The accelerating pace of life （may cause m

8、ental illnesses）盲目崇拜indiscriminate worship Health 保持健康Vitamins and minerals play a pivotal role in keeping our body healthy含健康物质Vegetables that are rich in various vitamins and minerals.Money 不/投资Invest a large proportion of its budget in (the needy),despite the economic recession.withdraw /suspend

9、the funding of 增加支出 Increase the government expenditure花钱/时间/精力dedicate money/time /energy/itself to doing优化资源配置 optimize the distribution of government financial resources 穷/沮丧/焦虑Live in poverty/anxiety (句首，living)摆脱穷（lift sb out of poverty ）经济援助（supply financial aid）穷国（impoverished countries）导致穷/困

10、苦/沮丧生活=lead a impoverished /miserable/frustrated life经济危机Financial crisis降低成本Cut their production costs substantially.Time Efficiency 少耗时Be less time-consuming and more economical增加效率Enhance /boost the efficiency/productivity and effectiveness of .高效率用工具Use their equipment and facilities more effici

11、ently更效率Be more efficient &cost-effective 不/合理适用 (how to) utilize the resources=make ues of sth /exploit sth squander money /time/opportunity /chances消耗增加The increasing consumption of (fast food)Knowledge &employment传播知识Disseminate /diffuse knowledge about掌握知识acquire knowledge 锻炼能力hone ones ability

12、to do sth塑造性格 mould ones character提高意识 raise the peoples awareness of 开/关眼界Enrich ones social /professional /academic experience借鉴(those .have a broader view of life and better personal resources to )draw on 不/机械照搬copy sth mechanically=apply sth indiscriminatelyapply sth creatively误入歧途Go astray acad

13、emically ,psychological or socially.(and make them more capable in university)=expand ones outlook/visionvimit /restrict ones vision分散/集中注意力distract sb from their classMake students more academically-motivated上瘾be preoccupied with (computers as much as some of them become dependent on drugs) 发挥/制约潜力

14、Achieve/fulfill ones (professional) potentialrestrict ones potential提升/降低就业率Generate employment opportunitiesstimulate the job market=reduce employment opportunities大规模裁员the massive layoffsCompetition竞争激励Competition is the increasingly stiff./fierce=be increasingly competitive一般有用Benefit from/ is be

15、neficial to / profit enormously from两者等同是错误 it is wrong to equate .with=it is erroneous to regard as好/坏影响 Sth profoundly influence (the way we live ,work,co-operate,and compete)have a detrimental influence upon =undermine sth=put .at risk=be damaging to 重要Play a pivotal / essential/ crucial role in

16、Of crucial importance to sb is sth =it is imperative /essential that =is indeed of importance 地位上升/下降 sth has been consolidating its status as the .dominant Lose its status as the基石Be based on =lay the foundation /ground work for=is the bedrock /cornerstone of根源 sth is the root cause of .表面上，根源on t

17、he surface ,is caused by .过度/不依赖Be overly dependent on .be independent of有/无紧密联系There is a definite link (no correlation) between A &B不可分割=A is an indispensable / integral part of B有/无关系=be interrelated and interdependentbe alienated / separated from 不协调 Is markedly incompatible with 不/合理Sth is (un)

18、warranted / (un)justified不/排斥 are not mutually exclusive are incompatible with each other 相违背 run contrary to the overwhelming principals/ faith /theories/evidence造成/缓解冲突Cause tension and conflicts between A and Bease 。内在优势Has the inherent advantage of =be superior to 无优势be inferior to ,never manage

19、 to reach a comparable level优先位置 give priority to sth 保持平衡Strike balance between A and B 加大/减少差距widen /aggravate the gap between a and bBridge /narrow the gap between a and b 起源 结果stem from 原因=结果can be attributed to 原因取决 hinge 鸥鸟伴随 好现象 is accompanied by 坏现象为避免To avoid people should .=people should .

20、so as to prevent .威胁Pose a threat to 面对负面事情be confronted with (this question at some point )遭受(have a hard time )Be afflicted with =suffer from =be plagued with be free from = be immune to 受害者 be vulnerable to 以。为代价at the expense of (taxpayers wellbeing )失去/受控制Spit out of control keep under tight co

21、ntrol 考虑中/忽视take into consideration overlook使.做Enable sb to do =equip sb with the ability to do sth 促.使(it is the increasing peer presssure that ) impels (many youngster) to 使+N/ADJ Render sth pointless/ unprotected /uselessSb 应该去做。someone would be well-advised to do sth 以.理由支持/反对support / oppose .o

22、n the grounds that 。习惯Get accustomed to /used to ./adapt to ./ adjust to .投入实践Put into practise 经受考验Put .to the test 谴责而非宽恕 sth should be condemned rather than condoned 放任不管 let .go unchecked 更清晰认识/无知 get a clear perspective of be ignorant about限定传播欧洲Spill over other European countries经济全球化 in this

23、age of economic and cultural globalization.可能，in all likehood .=perhaps =may=possibly =probably=in some cases多数tend to be =are likely to =are inclined to =have the tendency to =and .is no exception .这方面in this regard/respect Overall,I think an ability to do A is a more essential factor in BA .,which

24、 leads to ,rather than to .It often seems that A cannot possibly/ solely be justified by B Such can help sb to develop physically ,intellectually and emotionallyHowever ,it is only those who A ,who can get these B+it is the interaction of the two ,that shapes a personality and dictates how that pers

25、onality develops好处：in spite of this ,the obvious benefits of cannot be denied ./In addition to benefits,bring现象 is not available,accordingly,结论。consequently/obviously ,A seems to make / render .more fierce as a whole/in this regard as a result of A,B .Without A ,would be neither adj nor adj .Without

26、 A,I think it is by no means piontless to do .绝对不是没有意义A will affect B ,which ,after all, is a key target in any C.A must reflect B,and ,because of this ,A, and B because of this 理想现实Ideally .but ,in actually.不管是Be it ,如果，provide that否则otherwise想象I would hard-pressed to imagine that .并列we can see tha

27、t not only are there.but that .are .The trend is not restricted to sb who,but it also evident among sb who因为.asHence 举例 this point is best illustrated with the example of .让步 by contrast While /whereas 第一课：雅思A类T1地图题的核心结构 雅思A类T1的地图题一直在困绕着中国雅思考生，其核心原因并不在于此类作文有多难，而在于中国雅思考生对该类作文的接触并不多。2007年，受外语教学与研究出版社之

28、邀，我曾联合王陆老师、祁连山老师等为剑桥雅思真题写过两本解析集，并在其中给出了地图题的范文（大家可参考：剑桥雅思真题4精解 ISBN：978-7-5600-6248-8；剑桥雅思真题5精解ISBN：978-7-5600-7259-3 ）。 在T1地图题的重要性逐渐显现的今天，我觉得有必要在此为大家更加细致地介绍该类作用的分类与结构，遂成本文。 第一部分：导游图 类别解释：该类作文的考核方式是在一个平面图中进行箭头引导，并要求考生对路线与沿途设施做出说明。 必备结构 （一）总介绍 A stretch out/ extend/ radiate from B to C：A从B延展置CA be cir

29、cled by B：A被B环绕A cover an area of B：A占地面积为BA be divided into B by C =C divide A into B A被C分成了B（部分） （二）位置介绍Directions: be far from距离某处很远 be nearby距离某处很近 be next to紧邻 go straight across/to/through 径直走过/向/穿过 go on/alongtill you meet沿一直走，直到 cross(over) 穿过（某条街道） directly opposite和对 turn left/right左转/右转 b

30、e on sbs left/right在某人的左边/右边 be on sbs left/right在某人的左边/右边 go east/west/south/north向东/西/南/北 go up/down向上（北）/向下（南） go back/back up往回走 be located behind/in front of坐落在的前面/后面 be on the corner of A street and B street在A和B街交汇的拐角处 be in corner of在的角落里 A be in the middle/ center of B：A在B中心A be in the vicin

31、ity/ proximity/ vicinage of B：A在B邻近A be within walking distance from B：A离B数步之遥 （三）路径与沿途设施介绍 The route/ path/ lane marked with arrow leads A to B：由箭头引导的路线将A引导至BGoing around the first sharp corner, you will find A on your left/ right.在第一个急转弯处，你会在左侧/ 右侧发现A。Next to it is B where_接下来是B（它处于怎样的位置或有怎样功能）C a

32、ppear between D and E, as you go further down the route.你沿着路线走下去，（会发现）C出现在D和E之间。Finally, you are going to return to the original point after.最后，在之后，你会回到原点。 第二部分：变化图 类别解释：该类作文的考核方式是介绍统一建筑或位置在若干年中的布局、结构变化情况。 必备结构 （一）总介绍 As shown by the maps, A vary obviously over B如图所示，A在B（时间跨度）间发生了明显变化Separated into.

33、sections, A have B built in it originally. 划分为部分，A中原建有BA take up a total area of B, with C making up., D., and E.A的总占地面积为B，其中C、D、E分占（面积） （二）变化介绍 The area of A remain unchangeable. A的面积没有发生明显变化。A be removed from B to C after the reconstruction. 重建后，A被从B处移到了C。The positions of A and B are exchanged. A和

34、B的位置出现了对调。An extra floor is added up to the Tower A. A上又加盖了一层。 第三部分：区位图 类别解释：该类作文要求考生交代某一地图中各个地点之间的位置关系（在某些情况下，要求考生在若干地点中选择某一个作为特定设施的选点）。 （一） 区位关系 A be to the north of B by C（相隔）A be at the north of B（相切）A be in the north of B（包含）A and B share C（共有） （二）其它 人口概念The total population of the area is A 该地

35、的总人口数量为AA residents populate the area. A（数量的）居民住在该地区 交通概念A radiate in all directions. A（常为交通网络）四通八达。A be accessible from all directions. 从各个方向都能到达A。 希望上述结构介绍能够对大家的地图题准备起到提纲挈领性的帮助。 第二课： 作为重要性逐渐增强的雅思A类T1考核形式，流程图将在2011年的考试中成为主考类别之一。因此，各位考生需尤其注意该类作文相关结构的积累。通常来说，流程图的构成会分为四大部分，其中包括：内容综述、物资描述、步骤综述、步骤详述。鉴于各

36、类T1作文的“内容综述”部分结构基本相同，因此本文将着重介绍后三类结构。 （一）物资描述1. The following stuffs are needed in the process of.:在.的过程中，如下的物资需准备齐全：（后接具体物资）2. The requisites of the operation include.该操作（过程的）必备物资包括.（后填具体物资）3. Before the initiation of., the necessities listed below must be available: 在.的操作开始之前，下列物资需要准备完毕：（后接具体物资） （二

37、步骤综述1. It is discernable that the whole process involves.steps可以观察到的是整个流程包含.步骤。2. .stages are mentioned in the procedure of.在.的过程中，.步骤有所提及。3. The completion of the process falls into.phases该流程的完成（被）划分为了.步骤。 （三）步骤详述（连接词）1. 开启性连词：Initially/ As the first stage/ To begin the process2. 中间过程连词：Afterwards/ Subsequently/ In furtherance/ Next/ Following this/ Continually/ 3. 收尾连词：Finally/ After., the process of.,.reaches thefinal stage希望各位同学能够按次认真准备，祝好运。