2022年考博英语-沈阳药科大学考试题库难点易错点剖析附答案有详解25.docx

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1、2022年考博英语-沈阳药科大学考试题库（难点、易错点剖析）附答案有详解1. 单选题Hardly a week goes by without some advance in technology that would have seemed incredible 50 years ago.问题1选项A.hard to imagineB.hard to believeC.hard to inventD.hard to understand【答案】B【解析】【选项释义】A. hard to imagine 难以想象的 B. hard to believe 难以相信C. hard to inven

2、t 难以发明的 D. hard to understand 难以理解的【考查点】语义衔接【解题思路】原句中incredible用来形容的是“几乎每周都有技术上的进步”，根据常理来说，这在50年前是可能做到的，所以难以让人相信，原词incredible“难以置信的”，因此，B选项hard to believe“难以相信的”与原词最接近。【干扰项排除】A选项hard to imagine“难以想象的”，与原词词义不够相近；C选项hard to invent“难以发明的”，不符合原文语义；D选项hard to understand“难以理解的”，与原词词义不够相近。【句意】几乎每周都有一些技术进步，

3、这在50年前似乎是不可思议的。2. 翻译题Happiness is a byproduct of something else. The most obvious sources are those pursuits that give our lives purposeanything from studying insects to playing baseball. The more passions we have, the more happiness we are likely to experience. Finally, the belief that something pe

4、rmanent transcends us and that our existence has some larger meaning can help us be happier. We need a spiritual faith, or a philosophy of life. Whatever your philosophy, it should include this truism: if you choose to find the awful, you will be cursed. As with happiness itself, this is largely you

5、r decision to make.【答案】幸福是由其他东西附带来的。最明显的来源就是那些赋予我们生活以目的的追求从研究昆虫到打棒球都是。我们感兴趣的事情越多，我们就越能感受到幸福。最终，相信某种永恒的东西可以超越我们，相信我们的存在有更大的意义，这样的信念可以使我们更快乐。我们需要一种精神信仰，或者说一种生活哲学。无论你的哲学是什么，它都应该包含这样一个不言自明的道理：如果你选择寻找可怕的东西，那么你将会被诅咒。就像幸福本身一样，这在很大程度上取决于你的决定。3. 单选题Successful development of inexpensive drugs for AIDS has muc

6、h _ for HIV patients.问题1选项A.implicationB.complicationC.influenceD.specification【答案】A【解析】【选项释义】A. implication 可能的影响或作用 B. complication 使复杂化的因素；并发症C. influence 影响；作用 D. specification 具体要求【考查点】名词辨析【解题思路】空格后搭配的介词为for，该词的主语是“治疗艾滋病的廉价药物的成功开发”，对象是艾滋病人，根据常识，这种药物的开发对艾滋病人来讲应该有好的影响，A选项implication“（ for/of sth）

7、可能的影响或作用”，意义和用法都符合题意。【干扰项排除】B选项complication“使复杂化的因素；并发症”，不符合语义；C选项influence“（on/upon sb/sth）影响；作用”，搭配用法不符合原句；D选项specification“具体要求”，不符合语义。【句意】治疗艾滋病的廉价药物的成功开发对艾滋病患者有很大的帮助。4. 单选题The modern world only recently reached the Yanomano, a native people of the Amazon basin. Sheltered by thick rainforest, the

8、 Yanomano lived a self-contained existence until gold was discovered in their jungle homeland. Miners flocked into the forests, cutting down trees and bringing disease and shot those Yanomano who would not get out of the way. In just seven years from the early 1980s, the population fell by 20 per ce

9、nt.Hands Around the World, a native American cultural association, says the Yanomano are believed to be the most culturally intact people in the world. They wear loin cloths, use fire sticks and decorate their bodies with dye from a red berry. They dont use the wheel and the only metal they use is w

10、hat has been traded to them by outsiders. When a Yanomano dies, the body is burned and the remaining bones crushed into a powder and turned into a drink that is later consumed by mourners in memory of the dead.A Hands Around the World report says that in South America not only are the cultures and t

11、raditions in danger of disappearing, but some tribes are in danger of extinction. “The Yanomano are a well-known tribe that is rapidly losing its members through the destruction of Western disease,” the report says. Before illegal gold miners entered their rainforest, the Yanomano were isolated from

12、 modem society.They occupy dense jungle north of the Amazon River between Venezuela and Brazil and are catalogued by anthropologists as neo-Indians with cultural characteristics that date back more than 8000 years. Each community lives in a circular communal house, some of which sleep up to 400, bui

13、lt around a central square.Though many Yanomano men are monogamous, it is not unusual for them to have two or more wives. Anthropologists from the University of Wisconsin say polygamy is a way to increase ones wealth because having a large family increases help with hunting and cultivating the land.

14、 These marriages result in a shortage of women for other men to marry, which has led to inter-tribal wars.Each Yanomano man is responsible for clearing his land for gardening, using slash-and-hum farming methods. They grew plantains, a type of banana eaten cooked, and hunt game animals, fish and ana

15、conda (南美热带蟒蛇) using bows and arrows.19. Miners flocked into the forest and shot those Yanomano who _.20. The organization called Hands Around the World believes that culturally, the Yanomano is the worlds _.21. Which of the following is NOT true according to an American cultural association report?

16、22. The underlined word “monogamous” in the fifth paragraph probably means _.23. _ caused the Yanomano to have inter-tribal wars.24. We can infer from the passage that it is imperative for us to protect the Yanomano because _.问题1选项A.sheltered in thick rainforestB.would not leave their jungle homelan

17、dC.lived a self-contained existenceD.would stand in their way问题2选项A.most primitive peopleB.most backward peopleC.most advanced peopleD.oldest people问题3选项A.In South America, the cultures are on the verge of extinction.B.In South America, the traditions are on the verge of extinction.C.In South Americ

18、a, the Yanomano can survive extinction.D.In South America, some tribes are on the verge of extinction.问题4选项A.having one wifeB.having two or more wivesC.having one childD.having two or more children问题5选项A.The shortage of women resulting from polygamyB.The difference in wealth resulting from polygamyC

19、The shortage of women resulting from monogamyD.The difference in wealth resulting from monogamy问题6选项A.it is a culturally most intact peopleB.it is a primitive people deep in jungleC.it is a native people of the Amazon basinD.it is primitive people in danger of disappearing【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:C第4题:A第5

20、题:A第6题:D【解析】19. 【选项释义】Miners flocked into the forest and shot those Yanomano who _. 矿工们涌进森林射杀了那些_的Yanomano（亚诺玛诺人）。A. sheltered in thick rainforest A. 躲在茂密的热带雨林中B. would not leave their jungle homeland B. 不会离开他们的丛林家园C. lived a self-contained existence C. 过着自给自足的生活D. would stand in their way D. 会阻碍他们【

21、考查点】事实细节题。【解题思路】根据题干关键词Miners flocked into the forest and shot those Yanomano可定位到原文第1段第3句，该句讲到“矿工们涌入森林（Miners flocked into the forests），砍伐树木，带来疾病，射杀那些不愿让开的亚诺玛诺人（shot those Yanomano who would not get out of the way）。”由此可知，D选项would stand in their way“会阻碍他们”表述正确，stand in their way与not get out of the wa

22、y属于同义替换。【干扰项排除】A选项“躲在茂密的热带雨林中”、C选项“过着自给自足的生活”，均可定位到原文第1段第2句，该句讲到“在茂密的热带雨林的庇护下（Sheltered by thick rainforest），亚诺玛诺人过着自给自足的生活（lived a self-contained existence），直到在他们的丛林家园发现了黄金。”由此可知，这两个选项是在介绍亚诺玛诺人之前的生活，而不是介绍他们被射杀的原因；B选项“不会离开他们的丛林家园”，原文并未提及，属于无中生有。20. 【选项释义】The organization called Hands Around the Worl

23、d believes that culturally, the Yanomano is the worlds _. 这个名为Hands Around The World的组织认为，从文化上讲，亚诺玛诺人是世界上_。A. most primitive people A. 最原始的民族B. most backward people B. 最落后的民族C. most advanced people C. 最先进的民族D. oldest people D. 最老的民族【考查点】事实细节题。【解题思路】根据题干关键词Hands Around the World和culturally定位到原文第2段第1句

24、该句讲到“美国本土文化协会Hands Around the World表示，亚诺玛诺人被认为是世界上文化保存最完整的人（the most culturally intact people）。”本段后面的部分都在具体的介绍亚诺玛诺人的文化，他们“穿腰布，用火棒，用红浆果染料装饰身体”，不会制造金属，火葬，骨灰被制成饮料供哀悼者引用，以纪念死者。综上所述，原文指该协会认为亚诺玛诺人的原始文化保存得最完整，本题四个选项中，只有A选项“最原始的民族”最符合原文表述。【干扰项排除】B、C、D三个选项均不符合原文。21. 【选项释义】Which of the following is NOT true

25、according to an American cultural association report? 根据美国文化协会的报告，下列哪项是不正确的？A. In South America, the cultures are on the verge of extinction. A. 在南美洲，这些文化濒临灭绝。B. In South America, the traditions are on the verge of extinction. B. 在南美洲，这种传统正濒临灭绝。C. In South America, the Yanomano can survive extinctio

26、n. C. 在南美洲，亚诺玛诺人可以从灭绝中幸存下来。D. In South America, some tribes are on the verge of extinction. D. 在南美洲，一些部落正处于灭绝的边缘。【考查点】事实细节题。【解题思路】根据题干关键词an American cultural association report以及选项关键词In South America和the verge of extinction，可定位到原文第3段第2句，该句说到“亚诺玛诺是一个著名的部落，由于西方疾病的破坏，他们的成员正在迅速流失（rapidly losing its memb

27、ers）”，由此可知C选项“在南美洲，亚诺玛诺人可以从灭绝中幸存下来”表述不正常，符合题意。【干扰项排除】A、B、D选项，可定位到原文第3段第1句，该句说到“一份美国文化协会Hands Around the World的报告称，在南美洲，不仅文化和传统（cultures and traditions）面临消失的危险（in danger of disappearing），而且一些部落（some tribes）也面临灭绝的危险（in danger of extinction）。”由此可知，原文提到南美洲的文化、传统以及一些原始部落都濒临灭绝，A、B、D选项均表述正确。本题要求选择的是表述不正确的一

28、项，这三个选项属于反向干扰。22. 【选项释义】The underlined word “monogamous” in the fifth paragraph probably means _. 第五段中下划线的单词“monogamous”的意思可能是_。A. having one wife A. 有一个妻子B. having two or more wives B. 有两个或两个以上的妻子C. having one child C. 有一个孩子D. having two or more children D. 有两个或两个以上的孩子【考查点】词汇推测题。【解题思路】句中前后信息衔接：根据题干

29、关键词the fifth paragraph定位到原文第5段，该段第1句提到“虽然（Though）许多亚诺玛诺男人_，但亚诺玛诺男人有两个或两个以上的妻子（two or more wives）并不罕见（not unusual）。”根据Though推断，前后分句之间存在让步关系，而后一个分句说亚诺玛诺男人有两个或两个以上的妻子不罕见，那么前一个分句应该说的是没有两个或两个以上的妻子。由此可知，monogamous的意思应该是A选项“有一个妻子”。另外，monogamous中mono的意思是“单一的”。【干扰项排除】B选项“有两个或两个以上的妻子”，与原文意思相悖，属于反向干扰；C选项“有一个孩子

30、原文指的是妻子，不是孩子，属于无中生有；D选项“有两个或两个以上的孩子”，原文指的是妻子，不是孩子，属于无中生有。23. 【选项释义】_ caused the Yanomano to have inter-tribal wars. _导致了亚诺玛诺部落间的战争。A. The shortage of women resulting from polygamy A. 一夫多妻导致的妇女短缺B. The difference in wealth resulting from polygamy B. 由一夫多妻造成的财富差异C. The shortage of women resulting fr

31、om monogamy C. 一夫一妻导致的妇女短缺D. The difference in wealth resulting from monogamy D. 由一夫一妻造成的财富差异【考查点】事实细节题。【解题思路】根据题干关键词inter-tribal wars定位到倒数第2段最后一句。该句提到“这些婚姻（These marriages）导致了可供其他男性结婚的女性短缺（a shortage of women），这导致了部落间的战争（which has led to inter-tribal wars）。”由此可知，导致部落间战争的是女性短缺，而女性短缺是由这些婚姻（These marr

32、iages）造成的。因此，我们需要知道“这些婚姻（These marriages）”到底是指什么。倒数第2段前两句说到“虽然许多雅诺玛诺男人只有一个妻子，但他们有两个或两个以上的妻子并不罕见。”“威斯康辛大学的人类学家说，一夫多妻制（polygamy）是一种增加财富的方式，因为大家庭有助于狩猎和耕种土地。”由此推断，不在少数的男性为了增加财富，娶了两个或两个以上的妻子（即一夫多妻），导致了可供其他男性结婚的女性短缺，从而引发了部落间的战争。因此，A选项“一夫多妻导致的妇女短缺”表述正确。【干扰项排除】B选项“由一夫多妻造成的财富差异”，主要原因是妇女短缺，而不是财富差异，该选项属于曲解原文；C

33、选项“一夫一妻导致的妇女短缺”，造成妇女短缺的不是一夫一妻，而是一夫多妻，该选项属于曲解原文；D选项“由一夫一妻造成的财富差异”，造成战争的不是“财富差异”，造成财富差异的也不是“一夫一妻”，该选项属于曲解原文。24. 【选项释义】We can infer from the passage that it is imperative for us to protect the Yanomano because _. 我们可以从文章中推断，我们必须保护亚诺玛诺人，因为_。A. it is a culturally most intact people A. 它是一个文化上最完整的民族B. it

34、is a primitive people deep in jungle B. 这是一个生活在丛林深处的原始人C. it is a native people of the Amazon basin C. 它是亚马孙盆地的土著民族D. it is primitive people in danger of disappearing D. 它是濒临灭绝的原始人【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】本题问的是“为什么保护亚诺玛诺人势在必行”，imperative的意思是“紧迫的；至关重要的”。虽然四个选项的表述都符合原文，但是只有D选项提到了“濒临灭绝（in danger of disappearin

35、g）”，这才是他们需要保护，且急需保护的原因，符合题意。【干扰项排除】A、B、C三个选项也是对亚诺玛诺人的正确表述，但这3点并不能解释“为什么保护亚诺玛诺人势在必行”。5. 单选题President Bandas background as a doctor has given him _ into the medical problem that face the country.问题1选项A.a viewB.a visionC.an insightD.a sight【答案】C【解析】考查名词辨析与固定搭配。A选项a view“（about/on sth）看法，见解”；B选项a vision

36、想象；幻想”；C选项an insight“对某事的理解”；D选项a sight“（看见的或看得见的）事物或景象；一个滑稽可笑的人或物”。句意：班达总统的医生背景使他_这个国家面临的医疗问题。总统的医生背景使他对医疗问题更了解，原文given him _ into the medical problem，考查固定搭配give an insight into“洞察；深入了解”。B选项vision意为“远见卓识”是不可数，C选项最符合句意。因此，本题最佳选项为C。6. 单选题Most people would be impressed by the high quality of medicine

37、 available to most Americans. There is a lot of specialization, a great deal of attention to the individual, a vast amount of advanced technical equipment, and intense effort not to make mistakes because of the financial risk which doctors and hospitals must face in the courts if they handle things

38、badly.But the Americans are in a mess. The problem is the way in which health care is organized and financed. Contrary to public belief, it is not just a free competition system. To the private system has been joined a large public system, because private care was simply not looking after the less f

39、ortunate and the elderly.But even with this huge public part of the system, which this year will eat up 84.5 billion dollarsmore than 10 percent of the U. S. budgetlarge numbers of Americans are left out. These include about half the 11 million unemployed and those who fail to meet the strict limits

40、 on income fixed by a government trying to make savings where it can.The basic problem, however, is that there is no central control over the health system. There is no limit to what doctors and hospitals charge for their services, other than what the public is able to pay. The number of doctors has

41、 shot up and prices have climbed. When faced with toothache, a sick child, or a heart attack, all the unfortunate person concerned can do is pay up.Two-thirds of the population are covered by medical insurance. Doctors charge as much as they want knowing that the insurance company will pay the bill.

42、The medical profession has as a result become Americas new big businessmen. The average income of doctors has now reached $100,000 a year. With such vast incomes the talk in the doctors surgery is as likely to be about the doctors latest financial deal, as about whether the minor operation he is rec

43、ommending at, several thousand dollars is entirely necessary.The rising cost of medicine in the U.S.A. is among the most worrying problem facing the country. In 1981 the countrys health cost climbed 15.9 percentabout twice as fast as prices in general.11. In the U.S. patients can expect, in medical

44、treatment _.12. Doctors and hospitals try hard to avoid making mistakes because _.13. What do most Americans think about health in the U.S.?14. From Paragraph 3 we know that _ from the public health system.15. According to the author, what is the key factor in the rise of health cost in the US?问题1选项

45、A.occasional mistakes by careless doctorsB.a great deal of personal attentionC.low charge by doctors and hospitalsD.stacking nurses and bad services问题2选项A.they fear to be sued by the patientsB.they care much about their reputationC.they compete for getting more patientsD.they wish to join the privat

46、e medical system问题3选项A.It must be in total chaos.B.It must be a free competition system.C.It should cover the unemployed.D.It should involve private care.问题4选项A.millions of jobless people get supportB.those with steady income do not seek helpC.some people are made ineligible to benefitD.those with p

47、rivate health care are excluded问题5选项A.The refusal of insurance companies to pay the bills.B.The increase of the number of doctors and hospitals.C.The lack of government control over the medical prices.D.The merger of private health care with the public system.【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:B第4题:C第5题:C【解析】11. 【选项释义】In the U.S. patients can expect, in medical treatment _. 在美国，患者可以期待，在医疗中_。A. occasional mistakes by careless doctors A.