2022年考博英语-中共中央党校考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷15附答案带详解.docx

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1、2022年考博英语-中共中央党校考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（附答案带详解）1. 单选题Examine the data over time, and youll find irrefutable evidence of progress: the decline of war, the increase in life span; （ ） of literacy, democracy, and equal rights; （ ） of privilege based on race, gender, heredity and beliefs.问题1选项A.the spread . the wan

2、ingB.the spreading . the waneC.the spreads . the wanesD.the spreading . the waning【答案】A【解析】语法题。介词of前面应该用名词，所以第一个空格用名词spread，第二个空将动词wan后加-ing变成动名词形式waning，句意：随着时间的推移，研究这些数据，你会发现无可辩驳的证据证明社会的进步：战争的减少，寿命的延长；文化程度、民主和平等权利的传播；基于宗族、性别、地位和信仰的特权衰退和减少。选项A符合题意。2. 单选题To begin to （ ） the pollution causing climate

3、 change, cities around the world need to be made more efficient, adopting measures ranging from reducing the energy costs of sanitation to constructing buildings that waste less energy.问题1选项A.mitigateB.migrateC.magnifyD.militate【答案】A【解析】动词词义辨析。Mitigate “使缓和，减轻”；migrate “移居，移植”；magnify “放大，夸大”；milita

4、te “有影响，产生作用”。句意：要开始缓和气候变化带来的污染，全世界的城市都要提高效率，采取一系列措施，从降低卫生设施的能源成本到建设能源节约型建筑。选项A符合题意。3. 单选题The question of ethics in the legal profession is one that has plagued the industry since its inception. The common image of an attorney is one who will resort to any unethical trick to（1）the laws to fit his pu

5、rposes. In the more specific industry of criminal law, defense attorneys are often criticized for advocating（2） defendants who are “obviously guilty,” thus becoming roadblocks on the path to（3）. Much to the contrary, （4）, defense attorneys provide a valuable service that should earn them praise, not

6、 scorn. While it is true that every lawyer will do everything （5） to interpret the laws in the manner most beneficial to his client, such a characterization is （6） limited to defense attorneys. The prosecutor will do the same thing, employing all his legal knowledge and know-how to establish the gui

7、lt of the defendant.（7 ）, the vague nature of the law is highlighted, and it becomes a virtual necessity for each side to use every tool （8）, on the assumption that the other side will also use every tool at his. The net result emerges as a positive, （9） the tricks of the opposing attorney cancel on

8、e another out, leaving only the truth, clearer and （10）manipulation,（11）the jurys consideration. Further, the defense attorney is a vital element of the American judicial system, （12）without him the defendant would stand no chance whatsoever. Under the constitution, even the most “obvious guilty” de

9、fendants （13）the right to a fair trial, involving someone able and willing to advocate on his behalf. Of course, there are bad apples in the industry who are （14）and care nothing for actual justice, and （15） only concerns are their wallets. Generally speaking, however, without （16）, the system would

10、 crumble into a mere machine in which defendants are assumed guilty, without a chance to argue or prove （17）, and many innocent people（18） with crimes would be severely punished for transgressions that they didnt commit. It is a basic fact that the adversarial system of justice in the United States

11、is necessary in order to ensure（19）and most unbiased presentation and evaluation of the facts possible. Without defense attorneys, that system cannot be carried out, and （20）a loss of the civil liberties that the nation enjoys and treasures. To that end, all of those who make that process a reality,

12、 including defense attorneys, deserve our support and admiration, not our suspicion and disdain. 问题1选项A.obeyB.breakC.twistD.adopt问题2选项A.at behalf ofB.at the behalf ofC.on behalf ofD.on the behalf of问题3选项A.civil libertiesB.justiceC.transgressionD.ethics问题4选项A.thusB.furthermoreC.moreoverD.however问题5选项

13、A.beyond his powerB.in powerC.at his powerD.within his power问题6选项A.by no meansB.by any meansC.by all meansD.by what means问题7选项A.In one respectB.In this respectC.In some respectsD.In no respect问题8选项A.at their disposalB.at their disposalsC.at his disposalD.at his disposals问题9选项A.at whichB.on whichC.in

14、 whichD.for which问题10选项A.full ofB.full withC.devoid ofD.devoid from问题11选项A.presenting forB.presented forC.presenting toD.presented to问题12选项A.in thatB.for thatC.in whichD.for which问题13选项A.will guaranteeB.guaranteeC.will be guaranteedD.are guaranteed问题14选项A.ethicalB.unethicalC.guiltyD.unbiased问题15选项A.

15、whatB.whoC.whoseD.where问题16选项A.defense attorneysB.prosecutorsC.the constitutionD.defendants问题17选项A.furtherB.neverthelessC.otherwiseD.though问题18选项A.are falsely chargedB.were falsely chargedC.being falsely chargedD.falsely charged问题19选项A.a fairB.a fairerC.the fairestD.the fair问题20选项A.will result inB.w

16、ould result inC.will result atD.would result at【答案】第1题:C第2题:C第3题:B第4题:D第5题:D第6题:A第7题:B第8题:A第9题:C第10题:C第11题:B第12题:A第13题:D第14题:B第15题:C第16题:A第17题:C第18题:D第19题:C第20题:B【解析】（1）动词词义辨析。obey “服从”；break “打破”；twist “扭曲”；adopt “采取”。句意：律师给人的普遍印象是，不惜使用任何不道德违背法律的手段去达到自己的目的。选项C符合题意。（2）固定搭配。on behalf of “代表，为了”，为固定搭配

17、没有A、C、D搭配，可排除。句意：辩护律师经常因为代表“明显有罪”的被告进行辩护而受到批评。选项C符合题意。（3）逻辑关系。civil liberties “公民自由”；justice “公平，正义”；transgression “海侵，犯罪”；ethics“伦理学”。通过关键词“thus becoming roadblocks”，可知律师这样的做法在公平正义的道路上成为了一种障碍，所以空格中应该填入正义。选项B符合题意。（4）逻辑关系。thus “因此”；furthermore “此外，而且”；moreover “而且” ；however “然而”。根据空格前的to the contrar

18、y可知，下文提到的内容将与前文相反，构成转折关系，所以用转折连词however，选项D符合题意。（5）固定搭配。beyond his power “超出其权力”；in power “执政，掌权”；没有at his power这种搭配，选项C可排除。within his power “在权力范围之内”。句意：然而，事实是每个律师都会尽一切努力在自己的权力范围内以对他的当事人最有利的方式来阐述法律。选项D符合题意。（6）固定搭配。by no means “决不”；by any means “无论如何”；by all means “尽一切办法”；by what means “用什么办法”。句意：这样

19、的特征决不仅限于辩护律师，而是符合所有律师。选项A符合题意。（7）固定搭配。In one respect “在某个方面”；In this respect “在这方面”；In some respects “在一些方面”；In no respect “毫不，完全不”。句意：检察官也会这样做，利用自己所知道的法律知识来判定被告有罪。在这个方面，法律的不明确性得到了强调。选项B符合题意。（8）语法题。根据上文“and it becomes a virtual necessity for each side to use every tool”，可知每一方都必须使用每一种工具。所以是指公诉人和律师两方，

20、应该用复数their。根据固定搭配at ones disposal “由支配”，可知disposal用单数。选项A符合题意。（9）语法题。根据题意，空格引导的句子为非限制性定语从句，因为in this result “在这种结果下”，所以用in which引导，在定语从句中作状语。句意：在这种结果下，对方律师的诡计互相抵消，只留下真相。选项C符合题意。（10）固定搭配。full of “充满”； devoid of “缺乏”，没有B和D项搭配，可排除。句意：只留下真相，更清晰并且不可操控。选项C符合题意。（11）固定搭配和语法。present for “递交给”；present to “赠送，

21、给予”。根据文章the jurys consideration，最终结果要求陪审团共同考虑，所以证据要被递交给陪审团考虑，要用动词的-ed分词，选项B符合题意。（12）逻辑关系。空格前一句提到被告辩护人是美国司法体系最重要的一个部分，空格后提到没有被告辩护人，被告就没有任何机会。所以后一句是前一句的原因解释。in that后接原因，选项A符合题意。（13）逻辑关系和语法。根据句意：即使是最明显的被告也被保证有权得到公正的审判。所以应该用被动语态，选项A和B可排除。这里是对宪法保证公平审判的事实，不需要用将来时态。选项D符合题意。（14）形容词词义辨析。ethical “伦理的，道德的”；une

22、thical “不道德的”；guilty “有罪的，内疚的”；unbiased “公正的”。句意：这个行业里面有些害群之马，这些人没有职业道德，并且不关心实际的公正。选项B符合题意。（15）语法题。根据文章意思，空格引导的句子应该是一个非限制性定语从句，用来修饰上文提到的那些害群之马，根据名词concerns可知，关系代词应该用whose在定语从句中作定语。句意：那些人的关注点只在他们的钱包上。选项C符合题意。（16）逻辑关系。根据上下文，可知这里是指没有被告辩护律师，这一体系将崩溃为一个简单的机器，在这个机器里，被告被假定有罪。选项A符合题意。（17）逻辑关系。further “而且，更远地

23、nevertheless “然而，不过”；otherwise “另外，否则”；though “虽然，尽管”。句意：否则，被告将无机会去辩论或证明。选项C符合题意。（18）语法题。根据空格前的people可知，空格应该作后置定语修饰people，因为无辜的人们是被指控的，所以存在被动关系，用动词的-ed分词作后置定语。选项D符合题意。（19）语法题。根据空格后most unbiased用到了最高级，可知and前的空格也相应地要用最高级。选项C符合题意。（20）语法题。根据文章，“Without defense attorneys, that system cannot be carried

24、out”，可知没有辩护律师，这一制度将无法实施。所以是做出了没有辩护律师的假定，可推断下文空格会用到虚拟语气。would do表示对现在的虚拟，句意：将会导致丧失国家享有和珍视的公民自由。又根据固定搭配result in “导致”，选项B符合题意。4. 单选题Ernie Banks, the greatest power-hitting shortstop of the 20th century and an unconquerable optimist （ ） never dimmed in 19 seasons with the perennially stumbling Chicago

25、Cubs, died Friday.问题1选项A.by which gloomy dispositionB.whose sunny dispositionC.which sunny dispositionD.whose gloomy disposition【答案】B【解析】语法题。optimist意思是“乐观主义者”，后接定语从句对其进行修饰，从句中是指这个人的阳关开朗的性格，所以关系代词whose在定语从句中作定语。句意：厄尼班克斯是20世纪最伟大最具力量的游击手，并且是一个无敌的乐观主义者，在周五去世了。他的阳关开朗的性格在为芝加哥小熊队效力的19个赛季并没有暗淡。选项B符合题意。5. 单

26、选题Traders are shutting down operations in Ivory Coast, in accordance with calls by the countrys internationally recognized president-elect to put pressure on Gbagbo, the （ ） who has refused to step down.问题1选项A.inceptionB.incursionC.insurgencyD.incumbent【答案】D【解析】名词词义辨析。inception “起初，获得学位”；incursion “

27、入侵，侵犯”；insurgency“暴动”；incumbent “在职者，现任者”。句意：贸易商正在关闭象牙海岸的业务为了符合国家要求，进行国际认证的总统选举，给巴博施加压力，巴博是拒绝退位下台的现任者。选项D符合题意。6. 单选题China is far from perfect and seeks its own advantage, but holding it （ ）our domestic problems is beyond anachronistic.问题1选项A.account forB.accounting toC.accounted toD.accountable for【

28、答案】D【解析】固定搭配。account for “负有责任，占比例”；account to “报账”；hold (sb./sth.) accountable for “让某人对某事负责”。句意：中国远非完美，而是在寻求自身的优势，如果让它来对国内问题承担责任，那就相当不合时宜。选项D符合题意。7. 单选题The period of history which is commonly called “modern” has a mental outlook which differs from that of the medieval period in many ways. Of these

29、 two are（1）: the diminishing authority of the Church, and the increasing authority of science.（2）, others are connected. The culture of （3）is more lay than clerical. States increasingly replace the Church as the governmental authority that controls culture. The government of nations is, at first, m

30、ainly （4） kings; then, as in ancient Greece, the kings are gradually replaced by democracies or tyrants. The power of the national State, and the functions that it performs, （5） throughout the whole period (apart from some minor fluctuations); but at most times the State has less influence on the op

31、inions of philosophers than the Church （6） in the Middle Ages. The feudal aristocracy, （7）, north of the Alps, has been able, till the fifteenth century, to hold its own against central governments, loses first its political and then its economic importance. It is replaced by the king （8） rich merch

32、ants; these two share power in different proportions in different countries. There is a tendency for （9） to become absorbed into the aristocracy. From the time of the American and French Revolutions onwards, democracy, in the modern sense, becomes an important political force. Socialism, （10） democr

33、acy based on private property, first acquires governmental power in 1917. This form of government, however, if it spreads, must obviously bring with it a new form of （11）: the culture with which we shall be concerned is in the main “liberal”, （12）, of the kind most naturally associated with commerce

34、 （13） there are important exceptions, especially in Germany; Fichte and Hegel, to take two examples, have an outlook which is totally unconnected with commerce. But（14）are not typical of their age.The rejection of ecclesiastical authority, which is the negative characteristic of the modern age, beg

35、ins earlier than （15）characteristic, which is the acceptance of （16） . In the Italian Renaissance, science played a very small part; the opposition to the Church, in mens thoughts, was connected with antiquity, and looked still to the past, but to a more distant past than （17）the early Church and th

36、e Middle Ages. The first serious irruption of （18）was the publication of the Copemican theory in 1543; but （19） did not become influential until it was taken up and improved by Kepler and Galileo in the seventeenth century. Then began the long （20） between science and dogma, in which traditionalists

37、 fought a losing battle against new knowledge.问题1选项A.more importantB.the least importantC.less importantD.the most important问题2选项A.With these twoB.Of these twoC.Among theseD.About these问题3选项A.medieval periodB.Christian timeC.modern timesD.scientific time问题4选项A.in the hands ofB.at hand ofC.at hands o

38、fD.in the hand of问题5选项A.growing steadyB.grow steadilyC.grows steadilyD.grow steady问题6选项A.hasB.hadC.isD.was问题7选项A.thatB.for whichC.whichD.what问题8选项A.in allegiance toB.being allergic toC.in alliance withD.in alliance of问题9选项A.the kingB.the ChurchC.the AlpsD.the rich merchants问题10选项A.as opposing toB.in

39、 opposite toC.as opposed toD.in opposition between问题11选项A.cultureB.governmentC.democracyD.socialism问题12选项A.howeverB.furthermoreC.moreoverD.that is to say问题13选项A.For thisB.To thisC.At itD.By it问题14选项A.such examplesB.these outlooksC.such exceptionsD.these two figures问题15选项A.the positiveB.a positiveC.t

40、he pessimisticD.a pessimistic问题16选项A.church authorityB.scientific authorityC.liberalismD.socialism问题17选项A.that ofB.that inC.ofD.in问题18选项A.the publicationB.an authorityC.scienceD.a theory问题19选项A.this publicationB.this theoryC.the irruptionD.science问题20选项A.compromiseB.oppositionC.fightD.period【答案】第1题:

41、D第2题:A第3题:C第4题:A第5题:B第6题:B第7题:C第8题:C第9题:D第10题:C第11题:A第12题:D第13题:B第14题:C第15题:A第16题:B第17题:A第18题:C第19题:B第20题:C【解析】（1）逻辑关系。根据空格前一句，“which differs from that of the medieval period in many ways”，可知现代的精神面貌在很多方面与中世纪不同，空格下文提到在这些方面中，有两个方面应该是最重要的。选项D符合题意。（2）固定搭配。根据空格后“connected”可知，题目考查固定搭配“be connected with”，意

42、为“和联系”，文意为其他方面与这两个方面相互联系。选项A符合题意。（3）逻辑关系。根据空格后的“is more lay than clerical”，可知这种文化是比教权主义更加世俗的。根据上文提到了这种文化是教会主义的削弱和科学权威的提升，可知应该是指现代文化。选项C符合题意。（4）固定搭配。根据空格前“The government of nations is”，可知起初，国家的政府主要由国王掌握管理。固定搭配“in the hands of”意为“由掌握”。选项A符合题意。（5）考查语法。根据语法知识，副词修饰动词，可排除A和D项。根据空格前的“performs”可知，句子应该为一般现在时

43、态，主语为“The power of the national State, and the functions”，所以谓语动词应该用原形grow，选项B符合题意。（6）语法题。根据题意，可知国家对哲学家的观点的影响比中世纪教会带来的影响更小，所以空格中提到的是中世纪教会的影响，要用一般过去时态，选项B符合题意。（7）语法题。根据文章，“The feudal aristocracyhas been ableto hold its own against central governments”，可知空格前后两句的关系为修饰关系，空格后一句是用来修饰空格前的“The feudal aristoc

44、racy”。两句有逗号隔开，可知空格所在的句子为非限制性定语从句，由关系代词which引导。选项C符合题意。（8）固定搭配。in alliance with“与联盟”，in allegiance to “献身于”，being allergic to “对是过敏的”；没有固定搭配in alliance of。句意：取而代之的是，国王和富商联盟。选项C符合题意。（9）逻辑关系。根据空格上文，“these two share power in different proportions in different countries.”，这两种阶层在不同的国家有不同的权力。“these two”是指国

45、王和富商。根据空格后“to become absorbed into the aristocracy”，可知这类人有被吸收成为贵族阶级的趋势，所以这类人应该是富商。选项D符合题意。（10）固定搭配。as opposed to“与截然相反，对照”；in opposite to “反对，在对面”；没有搭配as opposing to；in opposition between “在间的对立面”。句意：社会主义与民主主义相反，民主主义是基于私有的民主，而社会主义在1917年首次获得政府权利。选项C符合题意。（11）逻辑关系。根据空格后的the culture可知，上文应该提到的是带来一种新的文化形式，选项A符合题意。（12）连词词义辨析。however “然而，可是”；furthermore “此外，而且”；moreover “而且，此外”；that is to say “就是，换言之”。句意：我们所关心的的文化主要是 “自由主义者