2022年考博英语-中共中央党校考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷43附答案带详解.docx
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1、2022年考博英语-中共中央党校考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷(附答案带详解)1. 单选题But the changes, even at this early stage of the 2012 campaign, have proven more dramatic and ( )than all but the most ( ) analyst had imagined.问题1选项A.exciting . pessimisticB.unsettling . fretfulC.upsetting . optimisticD.discomposing . lighthearted【答案】B【解析】形
2、容词词义辨析。Exciting “兴奋的,激动的”; pessimistic “悲观的”; unsettling “使人不安的”; fretful “焦躁的”; upsetting “令人苦恼的”; optimistic “乐观的”; discomposing “使不安”; lighthearted “无忧无虑的”。句意:但事实证明,即便是在2012年竞选早期,这些变化也比最焦躁不安的分析学家想象的更为剧烈和令人不安。选项B符合题意。2. 单选题For some time now, there has been a ( ) position among high-level policymak
3、ers calling for evidence-based practices in the United States and overseas.问题1选项A.wide disseminatingB.wide disseminatedC.widely disseminatingD.widely disseminated【答案】D【解析】语法题。根据题意,空格应该为名词position “工作”的定语,因为disseminate和position之前存在被动关系,表示“被传播的工作”,所以选用-ed分词作定语,表被动。副词修饰动词,所以选用widely “广泛地”。选项D符合题意。3. 单选
4、题Modem persuasion advertising blossomed as a function of markets that were less competitive by economists standards, and are generally referred to as oligopolies. These are markets where a handful of firms dominate output or sales in the industry, and where they have sufficient market power that the
5、y can set the price at which their product sells. The key to an oligopoly is that it is very difficult for newcomers to enter the market, no matter how profitable it may be, because of the power of the existing players. Under oligopoly there is strong disincentive to engage in price warfare to expan
6、d ones market share, because all the main players are large enough to survive a price war and all it would do is shrink the size of the industry revenue pie that the firms are fighting over. Indeed, the price in an oligopolistic industry will tend to gravitate toward what it would be in a pure monop
7、oly so the contenders are fighting for slices of the largest possible revenue pie. At first blush, this is a pretty accurate picture of the U.S. economy of the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. The economy has become far more monopolistic over the past thirty years. It is also a good way, though
8、 by no means the only way, to understand the emergence and dominance of advertising. Although firms are not in what economists term competitive markets, they are most definitely engaged in monopolistic competition with each other to maximize their profits. Advertising emerges front and center as a m
9、ajor way to increase market share without engaging in destructive profit-damaging price competition. The election realm, is similar to the economy in that it tends to be a duopoly in general elections, meaning there are usually only two options that could conceivably win, and, as in an oligopoly, th
10、ese duopolists have used their market powerin this case control over election laws-to make it all but impossible for a third party to successfully establish itself as a legitimate contender. Even primary elections are almost always a matter of no more than two or three viable entrants except in a ve
11、ry small number of races. In economic theory this leads to an interesting conclusion: as J. Schor has put it, the smart play for a firm in a duopoly is to act like the other firm, not to differentiate itself. Macpherson was among the first to understand modem electoral politics-the two-party system-
12、in terms of oligopolistic and duopolistic market practices. “Where there are so few sellers, Macpherson wrote concerning political parties, they need not and do not respond to buyers demands as they must do in a fully competitive system. This means that the parties, like oligopolistic firms, can cre
13、ate the demand for political goods and largely dictate the demand schedule for political goods. In Macphersons argument, a duopolistic party system in a modem capitalist society like the United States will tend to gravitate to providing a competition between elites, which are the driving force and ”
14、formulate the issues. The basics in the political economy are agreed upon by the two parties and off the table for public debate or discussion. In Macphersons view, the two-party system was ideal for the production of citizen apathy and de-politicization and for the maintenance of elite rule; i.e. w
15、hat would be called a “weak democracy”.1.With what theme is the passage mainly concerned?2.The authors purpose in writing paragraph 1 and 2 is to ( ).3.What does the phrase “front and center” in paragraph 2 mean?4.The highlighted sentence “The basics . or discussion” in the last paragraph most proba
16、bly implies that ( ).5.What is the author likely to talk about in the paragraph following this passage?问题1选项A.Political Advertising.B.Oligopoly Market.C.Weak Democracy.D.Modem Electoral Politics.问题2选项A.state why political advertising appeared in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries in America.B.
17、emphasize that it is a real picture of the U.S. economy of the twentieth and twenty-first centuries.C.state that the situation in American election realm is the same as the one in its economic realm.D.explain that the oligopoly market economy has a special function in the U.S. economic realm.问题3选项A.
18、In front.B.At the forefront.C.In the center.D.In the middle.问题4选项A.The two parties would discuss the basics in the political economy in secret.B.The two parties would discuss the basics in the political economy in public.C.The two parties would not ask the public to discuss the basics in the politic
19、al economy.D.The two parties have the same idea about the basics in the political economy so they would not discuss them anymore.问题5选项A.He is likely to analyze the issues formulated by a duopolistic party system in theUnited States.B.He is likely to explain American citizen apathy and depoliticizati
20、on in detail.C.He is likely to give some supporting evidence of a weak democracy.D.He is likely to provide some examples of a competition between elites【答案】第1题:D第2题:C第3题:B第4题:C第5题:C【解析】1.主旨题。纵观全文,文章前半部分主要提到了与经济相关的规律,垄断经济形势对经济带来了重大影响。文章后半部分将垄断经济层面延伸至政治层面,提出在政治选举中也出现了相似的垄断统治规律,这样的民主实际上不是真正的民主。所以,本文主要围
21、绕现代社会的选举政治这个话题展开的。选项D符合题意。2.推断题。文章一二段主要提到了在经济层面出现的一种垄断经济现象,导致供不应求。根据文章第三段, “The election realm, is similar to the economy in that it tends to be a duopoly in general elections”,可知选举领域和经济领域类似,在选举中往往是双头垄断。可推断出一二段提到的经济现象主要是为了引出政治层面存在的政治垄断现象。选项C符合题意。3.词义理解题。In front “在前面”; At the forefront “最前沿”; In the
22、 center “在中央,表具体位置”; In the middle “在中间,表具体位置”。句意:广告作为一种增加市场份额的主要方式出现在市场的前端,不从事破坏性的、损益性的价格竞争。选项B符合题意。4.推断题。根据文章最后一段, “The basics in the political economy are agreed upon by the two parties and off the table for public debate or discussion.”,可知政治经济学的基础是两党一致同意的,不公开辩论或讨论。这里是说两党在政治方面垄断,因此并不是说他们对于政治经济基础有
23、一致观点,而是完全由他们议定,不让公众或其他党派插手。因此C选项符合题意。5.推断题。根据文章最后一段, “what would be called a weak democracy”,可知在文章末尾出现了Macpherson关于weak democracy的观点,可推断出,在接下来的文段中,可能会进一步对weak democracy进行讨论。选项C符合题意。4. 单选题As the clerk ( ) prepared my milk shake, I wondered how long she had been working there, ( ) making ice cream tre
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