2022年考博英语-中共中央党校考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷44附答案带详解.docx

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1、2022年考博英语-中共中央党校考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（附答案带详解）1. 单选题The poor industrialist had said that the minimum wage would put him out of business, （ ）by the noble academic that it would not need to if he ran his company properly.问题1选项A.to be only toldB.only being toldC.only to be toldD.being only told【答案】C【解析】语法和固定搭配。根

2、据题意，空格前后的事情形成对比，存在转折关系。所以可排除选项B和D。句意：这位可怜的实业家曾经说过，最低工资会让他破产，但是却被这位高贵的学者告知，如果当初正确经营公司，就不会有这样的结果。only to be told为固定搭配，“却被告知”。没有搭配to be only told。选项C符合题意。2. 单选题Around the world, rumbles of complaint about globalization are growing louder. In East Asia, the financial crisis of 1997 left a jaundiced sens

3、e of what globalization entails, though robust economic recovery has tempered that. Globalizations standing has also been badly damaged in Latin America by the meltdown of the Argentine economy in 2000 and financial crises in Brazil in 1999 and 2001. New fears about globalization are surfacing in Eu

4、rope too. In France and Germany, working people link globalization with pressures to dismantle the social democratic state.These developments have raised concerns about the durability of globalization even among its supporters. In the final section of his new book Global Capitalism: Its Fail and Ris

5、e in the 20th Century，the Harvard professor Jeffry Friedenwho is in favor of globalizationruminates on the possibility that todays globalization, like that of the 19th century, might falter.It can be highly instructive to look back at what some historians call “the first globalization”. When people

6、do so, however, they often tend to identify its end as the beginning of World War I in 1914. This is wrong, and leads to misunderstandings about todays globalization.The first globalization ended with the Wall Street crash of 1929 and the ensuing Great Depression. The worlds response to the crash, h

7、owever, was profoundly affected by the political conditions that World War I had created. In the United States, Britain and France, the war created political and social conditions that fostered a turn to social democracy. In Germany, the onerous economic burdens of the 1919 Treaty of Versailles fost

8、ered a turn to Nazism.This history has enormous significance for understanding todays predicament. The first lesson is that the economic crisis of 1929not politicsbrought down the first globalization, suggesting that an economic crisis, and not politics, will bring down todays globalization.The seco

9、nd lesson is that while political developments before 1929 did not cause the crash, they mattered enormously for the international response. After World War I, governments substantially recreated the prewar economic system, but the reconstructed system distributed prosperity extremely unevenly. In t

10、he United States, wealth and income inequality grew during the Roaring Twenties. In Britain, the industrial midlands and the north suffered from persistent stagnation because of an overvalued exchange rate. And prosperity simply bypassed Germany.Additionally, there was a popular turn to isolationism

11、 in response to the carnage wrought by the war. The global economic system was therefore unpopular, and consequently it had few defenders when the crash came. That lesson holds for the current globalization, which is also unpopular and feared.After the first globalization crashed because of inherent

12、 financial fragility, the ensuing New Deal era created a system that remedied that fragility. The New Deal era also created a social democratic, mass-consumption economy in which income was more broadly shared because of unionization, minimum wages and social security provisions. But such an economy

13、 is expensive for individual capitalists, giving them incentive to evade its costs. That has been a driving force behind globalization since 1980, and that is the contradiction in todays system.1.The financial cries in Brazil are mentioned in the first paragraph to （ ）.2.Which of the following is NO

14、T true about Jeffry Frieden?3.Why does the author advocate looking back at the first globalization?4.Which of the following is the lesson learnt from the history of the first globalization?5.It can be inferred from the last paragraph that （ ）.问题1选项A.show the trend of globalization in recent yearsB.a

15、nalyze the causes of financial crises in the worldC.illustrate how to resolve financial crises in the worldD.show peoples negative attitudes toward globalization问题2选项A.He is a professor in Harvard University.B.He might believe that the disadvantages of globalization outweigh its advantages.C.He is t

16、he author of the book Global Capitalism: Its Fall and Rise in the 20th CenturyD.He thinks that todays globalization might probably crash.问题3选项A.Because it can make us identify the end of the first globalization correctly and avoid misunderstanding.B.Because it can help us find out the causes of the

17、Wall Street crash of 1929.C.Because it can make us understand why the war fostered a turn to social democracy in Britain, while a turn to Nazism in Germany.D.Because it can help us understand the current globalization and get some instructive experience.问题4选项A.It is the economic crisis or inherent f

18、inancial fragility that may contribute to the crash of globalization.B.In Britain, wealth and income inequality grew during the “Roaring Twenties”，which mattered for globalization.C.After World War I, the reconstructed system distributed prosperity extremely unevenly, which was a driving force behin

19、d the first globalization.D.The first globalization crashed because of inherent financial fragility and the following social democratic, mass-consumption economy.问题5选项A.the New Deal contributed to the crash of the first globalization to some extent.B.unionization, minimum wages and social security p

20、rovisions can relieve wealth and income inequality to some extent.C.individual capitalists were optimistic about a social democratic, mass-consumption economyD.since 1980, there has been a controversial trend about globalization【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:D第4题:A第5题:B【解析】1.推断题。根据文章第一段，“Globalizations standing

21、has also been badly damaged in Latin America by the meltdown of the Argentine economy in 2000 and financial crises in Brazil in 1999 and 2001.”，可知2000年阿根廷经济的崩溃、1999和2001年巴西的经融危机严重损害了全球化在拉丁美洲的地位。可推断出人们对全球化存在消极的态度。选项D符合题意。2.细节理解题。根据文章第二段第二句，“In the final section of his new book Global Capitalism: Its

22、Fail and Rise in the 20th Century, the Harvard professor Jeffry Friedenwho is in favor of globalizationruminates on the possibility that todays globalization, like that of the 19th century, might falter.”，从这一段对Jeffry Frieden的介绍中可知，他是哈佛大学的教授，选项A可排除。他确实是Global Capitalism: Its Fail and Rise in the 20th

23、 Century这一书的作者，选项C可排除。他是支持全球化的，他反复思考了今天的全球化像19世纪全球化那样不景气的可能性，所以他认为今天的全球化也可能会面临崩溃，选项D可排除。所以选项B符合题意。3.细节理解题。根据文章第三段，“It can be highly instructive to look back at what some historians call “the first globalization.”，可知，让人们回顾第一次全球化是很有意义的。根据文章第五段，“This history has enormous significance for understanding

24、todays predicament.”，可知这些历史对于度过今天的困境也有很大的意义。所以回顾第一个全球化有助于我们理解今天的全球化形式并且获得一些有益的经验。选项D符合题意。4.推断题。根据文章第五段，“The first lesson is that the economic crisis of 1929not politicsbrought down the first globalization, suggesting that an economic crisis, and not politics, will bring down todays globalization.”，可

25、知第一次全球化表明是经济而不是政治击败今天的全球化。根据文章最后一段第一句，“After the first globalization crashed because of inherent financial fragility, the ensuing New Deal era created a system that remedied that fragility.”，可知全球化崩溃的原因是金融的脆弱性。综上可推断出经济危机或内在的金融脆弱性可能会导致全球化的崩溃。选项A符合题意。5.推断题。根据文章最后一段第二句，“The New Deal era also created a s

26、ocial democratic, mass-consumption economy in which income was more broadly shared because of unionization, minimum wages and social security provisions.”可知新政时期创造了一个社会民主的大众消费经济，因为公会化、最低工资和社会保障，使得收入分配平均一些。可推断出工会化、最低工资和社会保障规定可以在一定程度上缓解财富和收入不平等。选项B符合题意。3. 单选题Why pick up what literary history so resolut

27、ely discards? Any study of bestsellers confronts the same question as does the decaf, no-fat latte drinker in Starbucks: why bother? One justification, and the easiest demonstrated, is their interesting peculiarity. Like other ephemera of past times, bestsellers offer the charm of antiquarian quaint

28、ness. And so short is their lifespan, that todays bestsellers become yesterdays fiction almost as soon as one has read them. Looking back through the lists is to uncover delightful cultural oddities. Consider, for example, the top-selling novel of 1923 in the United States, Black Oxen, by Gertrude A

29、therton. Recall too that the discriminating reader of that year had James Joyces Ulysses and T. S. Eliots The Waste Land to choose from. The allusion of Athertons title signals grand literary pretension; pretension absurdly unmerited. None the less, the novels theme was, for the time, both topical a

30、nd sensational rejuvenation. For humans, that is, not cattle. The narrative opens in a New York theatre. A brilliant young newspaperman, Lee Clavering, is struck by a beautiful woman in the audience. Investigation reveals that she is facially identical with a young belle of thirty years before, Mary

31、 Ogden. Miss Ogden married a Hungarian diplomat, Count Zattiany, and has never been heard of since. Speculation rages, but eventually the truth comes out: Ogden/Zattiany has been rejuvenated in Vienna by Dr Steinachs new X-ray technique. By bombarding a womans ovaries at the period of menopause, the

32、 ageing process is reversible. When news of the wonderful process hits the newspapers, civil war threatens. And luckless Clavering finds himself in love with a woman old enough to be his mother. On the other side, he himself is obsessively loved by a flapper, Janet, young enough to be his daughter,

33、who drinks illegal hooch and attends petting parties. The plot thickens, madly thereafter. It is nonsense-just as, medically, Stcinachs X-ray miracle was nonsense. In 1922 Atherton herself had received the Viennese doctors rejuvenation treatment. It seems, from publicity pictures, to have done littl

34、e for her beauty. But tosh fiction and quack science as it may be, Black Oxen fits, hand-in-glove, with its period. And no other period. However absurd it seems to the modern reader, Athertons novel reflects, and dramatizes, contemporary anxiety about womens freedoms. The 1920s was the era of the fl

35、apper -the perpetually young girl-woman. British women in this decade had, after long struggle, the vote -but only if they were over 30, after which the heyday in the female blood was conceived to have been sufficiently cooled to make rational political decisions. Black Oxen, the top novel in the US

36、 in 1923, is inextricably of its period. It could have been published 15 years later. But out of its immediate time-and-place frame, Black Oxen would have no more worked than a fish out of water. Nor would it, in other days, have been what it was, the book of the day. The day made the book, as much

37、as events of the day made newspaper headlines in 1923. This hand-in-glove quality is inextricably linked with the ephemerality of bestsellerism. 1.Why does the author mention Ulysses and The Waste Land in paragraph 2?2.According to the passage, all of the following are true about Black Oxen EXCEPT （

38、 ）.3.The word “rage” in the passage is closest in meaning to （ ）.4.Which of the following sentence can best express the meaning of the highlighted sentence in the Last paragraph?5.According to the passage, which of the following is true about a bestseller?问题1选项A.They were bestsellers just second to

39、Black Oxen in 1923.B.They were more popular than Blank Oxen in 1923.C.As contemporary novels of Black Oxen, they were not popular in 1923.D.As bestsellers of 1923, they were not as popular as Black Oxen.问题2选项A.Though the writer of Black Oxen did get a treatment for keeping young, but it looked unsuc

40、cessful.B.Black Oxen implied the X-ray technique was welcomed by women who were in menopause.C.Black Oxen was very popular in 1923 when people believed in pseudo science about renewal of youthfulness.D.Count Zattiany appeared in Black Oxen as a minor character.问题3选项A.anger greatlyB.prevail uncontrol

41、lablyC.rake lipD.presume daringly问题4选项A.The ethos of 1923 for Black Oxen is just like water for fish.B.Without its time-and-space, Black Oxen would have enjoyed its popularity for a longer time.C.Without water, Black Oxen would lose its popularity.D.Black Oxen would not have been produced if it wasn

42、t treated like a fish.问题5选项A.A bestseller only caters for its own time.B.A bestseller is liable to tell a love triangle story.C.A bestseller cannot be written by an old female writer.D.A bestseller is a great literary work, though it is strange.【答案】第1题:C第2题:C第3题:B第4题:A第5题:A【解析】1.细节理解题。根据文章第一段，“And s

43、o short is their lifespan, that todays bestsellers become yesterdays fiction almost as soon as one has read them.”，可知作者的观点是畅销书的寿命是短暂的，以至于今天的畅销书几乎一读完就变成了昨天的小说。所以在文章第二段作者用尤利西斯和荒原两本书的例子和黑色公牛做了对比，说明与同时代的畅销书黑色公牛一样，它们在1923年并不受欢迎。选项C符合题意。2.推断题。根据文章第五段，“In 1922 Atherton herself had received the Viennese doc

44、tors rejuvenation treatmentto have done little for her beauty.”，可知虽然她接受了Viennese恢复治疗，但是并没有效果。选项A符合文意，可排除。根据文章第四段，“By bombarding a womans ovaries at the period of menopause, the ageing process is reversible.”，可知通过这种技术，处理更年期女性的卵巢，衰老过程是可以消除的。选项B符合文意，可排除。根据文章第四段，“Miss Ogden married a Hungarian diplomat,

45、 Count Zattiany, and has never been heard of since.”，可知玛丽奥格登嫁给了一个匈牙利的外交官Zattiany伯爵，所以Zattiany伯爵在黑色公牛中扮演一个次要角色。选项D符合文意，可排除。根据文章最后一段第一句，“Black Oxen, the top novel in the US in 1923, is inextricably of its period.”，可知黑色公牛受欢迎的原因是由于小说与时代的不可分割性。所以原因并没有提及人们相信青春再生的伪科学。选项C符合题意。3.词义理解题。根据文章第四段，“Speculation ra

46、ges, but eventually the truth comes out: Ogden/Zattiany has been rejuvenated in Vienna by Dr Steinachs new X-ray technique.”，可知玛丽奥格登嫁给外交官的事情迅速传播蔓延，但是最后真相说明：Ogden/Zattiany通过Steinach医生新发明的X射线技术重新焕发活力。所以rage在这一句的意思应该是迅速传播和蔓延。选项B符合题意。4.细节理解题。根据文章最后一段，“But out of its immediate time-and-place frame, Black

47、 Oxen would have no more worked than a fish out of water.”，可知如果没有1923年的时代和背景框架，黑色公牛就会像鱼离开水一样无法存活。选项A符合题意。5.主旨题。纵观全文，作者的对于畅销书的观点为：畅销书因为和当时所处的时代和思潮是相符的，所以会带来小说的短暂畅销。又根据文章最后一段，“The day made the book, as much as events of the day made newspaper headlines in 1923.”，可知1923年的畅销书就像那个时代的新闻头条一样，所以反应的是那个时代的思想和

48、潮流。可知畅销书只适合于自己的时代符合文意。选项A符合题意。4. 翻译题This work belongs within the movement of the so-called “Third Force” psychology, but unlike many other works in this stream of thought/ it approaches the problems of man as a person from a point of view that comes from within science and from an academic psychological perspective. I stress this not because there have been no other such attempts, but because these a