2022年考博英语-中央美术学院考试题库难点易错点剖析附答案有详解48.docx

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1、2022年考博英语-中央美术学院考试题库（难点、易错点剖析）附答案有详解1. 单选题We do not have a （ ）school in our institute. The highest degree we provide for the students is a B. A. and a B. S.问题1选项A.continueB.bayC.assistanceD.graduate【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。continue“继续”；bay“海湾”；assistance“援助，帮助”；graduate school“研究生院”。句意：我们学校没有研究生院，我们为学生提供的最高学

2、位是文学学士和理学学士。D项符合题意。2. 单选题Dogs are social animals and without proper training, they will behave like wild animals. They will soil your house, destroy your belongings, bark excessively, fight other dogs and even bite you. Nearly all behavior problems are perfectly normal dog activities that occur at t

3、he wrong time or place or are directed at the wrong thing. The key to preventing or treating behavior problems is learning to teach the dog to redirect its normal behavior to outlets that are acceptable in the domestic setting.One of the best things you can do for your dog and yourself is to obedien

4、ce train it. Obedience training doesnt solve all behavior problems, but it is the foundation for solving just about any problem. Training pens up a line of communication between you and your dog. Effective communication is necessary to instruct your dog about what you want it to do.Training is also

5、an easy way to establish the social rank order. When your dog obeys a simple request of “come here, sit,” it is showing obedience and respect for you. It is not necessary to establish yourself as top dog or leader of the pack（群）by using extreme measure. You can teach your dog its subordinate（从属的）rol

6、e by teaching it to show submission to you. Most dogs love performing tricks for you to pleasantly accept that you are in charge.Training should be fun and rewarding for you and your dog. It can enrich your relationship and make living together more enjoyable. A well-trained dog is more confident an

7、d can more safely be allowed a greater amount of freedom than an untrained animal.1.Behavior problems of dogs are believed to（ ）.2.The primary purpose of obedience training is to（ ）.3.Effective communication between a dog and its owner is（ ）.4.Why do pet dogs love performing tricks for their masters

8、5.When a dog has received effective obedience training, its owner（ ）.问题1选项A.be just part of their natureB.worsen in modern societyC.occur when they go wildD.present a threat to the community问题2选项A.teach the dog to perform clever tricksB.make the dog aware of its owners authorityC.provide the dog wi

9、th outlets for its wild behaviorD.enable the dog to regain its normal behavior问题3选项A.essential to solving the dogs behavior problemsB.the foundation for dogs to perform tasksC.a good way to teach the dog new tricksD.an extreme measure in obedience training问题4选项A.To avoid being punishedB.To show thei

10、r affection for their mastersC.To win leadership of the dog packD.To show their willingness to obey问题5选项A.can give the dog more rewardsB.will enjoy a better family lifeC.can give the dog more freedomD.will have more confidence in himself【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:B第4题:D第5题:C【解析】1.推理判断题。由第一段“Dogs are social a

11、nimals and without proper training, they will behave like wild animals. 狗是群居动物，如果没有适当的训练，它们会表现得像野生动物一样。”可知狗的行为问题是由其本性决定的。故A项正确。2.推理判断题。由第一段和第二段“The key to preventing or treating behavior problems is learning to teach the dog to redirect its normal behavior to outlets that are acceptable in the domes

12、tic setting. Obedience training doesnt solve all behavior problems, but it is the foundation for solving just about any problem. 防止或治疗行为问题的关键是学会教狗把它的正常行为改成在家庭环境中可以接受的发泄。服从训练并不能解决所有的行为问题，但它是解决任何问题的基础。可知服从训练的主要目的是为狗的野蛮行为提供发泄的途径。C项正确。3.细节事实题。由第二段最后一句“Effective communication is necessary to instruct you

13、r dog about what you want it to do. 有效的沟通对指导你的狗做你想要它做的事情是必要的。”可知B项“是狗执行任务的基础”正确。4.细节事实题。由倒数第二段“Most dogs love performing tricks for you to pleasantly accept that you are in charge. 大多数狗狗喜欢为你表演一些小把戏，让你愉快地接受你是主人的事实。”可知D项正确。5.细节事实题。由最后一段“A well-trained dog is more confident and can more safely be allow

14、ed a greater amount of freedom than an untrained animal. 一条受过良好训练的狗比未受过训练的动物更有信心，也能更安全地获得更多的自由。”可知C项正确。3. 单选题With the（ ） of Mary, all the girl students are eager to go to the party.问题1选项A.exhibitionB.exceptionC.exceptD.reception【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。exhibition“展览”；exception“例外，异议”；except“除之外”；reception“接待

15、接收”。句意：除了Mary外，所有女学生都很渴望去参加聚会。B项符合题意。4. 单选题The news you told me the other day has yet to be（ ） .问题1选项A.affirmedB.informedC.confirmedD.conformed【答案】C【解析】考查形近词辨析。A选项affirm“确认，断言”；B选项inform“通知，告密”；C选项confirm“确认，证实”；D选项conform“符合，遵守”。根据句意“你前几天告诉我的消息还没有被证实。”选项C符合句意。5. 单选题（ ） by the superstars on televis

16、ion, the young athletes trained hard and played intensely.问题1选项A.ImitatedB.ImposedC.InsuredD.Inspired【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。imitate“模仿，仿效”；impose“强加，征税”；insure“确保，保证”；inspire“激发，鼓舞”。句意：被电视上的超级明星所激励，年轻的运动员训练刻苦，比赛激烈。D项符合题意。6. 单选题In the US 88 percent of smokers had started before they were 18, despite the fac

17、t that it is （ ） to sell cigarettes to anyone under that age.问题1选项A.liableB.liberalC.irrationalD.illegal【答案】D【解析】考查固定搭配。be liable to“易于的，有倾向的”；be illegal to do sth“非法做”。由后半句可知卖烟给18岁以下的人是违法的。故D项正确。句意：在美国88%的人在18岁前就开始吸烟了，尽管卖烟给18岁以下的人是非法的。7. 单选题Women have significant advantages over men in space becaus

18、e they need less food and less oxygen and they（ ） radiation better.问题1选项A.stand up toB.stand in forC.stand up forD.stand in with【答案】A【解析】考查短语辨析。A选项stand up to“经得起，抵抗”；B选项stand in for“代替”；C选项stand up for“支持，拥护”；D选项stand in with“与.联合，同.分担”。句意：在太空中，女性比男性有明显的优势，因为她们需要的食物和氧气更少，而且她们能更好地抵抗辐射。选项A符合语境。8. 单选题

19、All the parts of this washing machine are（ ）, so that it is very convenient to replace them.问题1选项A.normalizedB.modernizedC.mechanizedD.standardized【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。normalized“正常化的”；modernized“现代化的”；mechanized“机械化的，呆板的”；standardized“标准的，标准化的”。句意：这个洗衣机的所有部件都是标准的，所以要替换他们非常方便。D项符合题意。9. 单选题The American C

20、ivil War was a four-year armed（1）between northern and southern sections of the United States. The fighting began on April 12, 1861, and（2）until May 1865.For a long time（3）the Civil War, the North and South had（4）each other on many issues. Most people in the（5）wanted to abolish slavery, or at least t

21、o stop its spread to new states, （6）the slave owners of the South held that（7）should be allowed everywhere.Another issue that divided the North and South was a（8）one. The North believed in a strong central government,（9）, the federal government should have more power than the state governments. Most

22、 southerners,（10）, regarded the nation as a union of separate and more or less（11）states. They held that a state had the right to（12）or “secede” from the Union when it felt its interests to be threatened.In November, 1860, Abraham Lincoln was（13）the 16th President of the United States. Since Lincoln

23、 had become well-known（14）the country for his anti-slavery views, his election caused a panic among the（15）in the South. One month later, South Carolina seceded from（16）. By February 1, 1861, six other statesMississippi. Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, and Texashad taken（17）steps.President Lin

24、coln knew that if these（18）states were allowed to leave the Union, it would soon（19）. So shortly after he had taken office, it was decided by his cabinet that the Union was to be preserved（20）.问题1选项A.conflictB.quarrelC.battleD.struggle问题2选项A.establishedB.preservedC.foundedD.lasted问题3选项A.afterB.befor

25、eC.untilD.to问题4选项A.disagreed withB.agreed toC.agreed withD.disagreed to问题5选项A.NorthB.SouthC.Civil WarD.Country问题6选项A.asB.soC.andD.while问题7选项A.freedomB.slaveryC.plantationD.revolution问题8选项A.politicalB.economicalC.educationalD.artificial问题9选项A.so to sayB.howeverC.that isD.for example问题10选项A.as a resul

26、tB.howeverC.yetD.in问题11选项A.dependentB.independentC.completeD.incomplete问题12选项A.succeedB.erectC.establishD.withdraw问题13选项A.electedB.selectedC.chosenD.appointed问题14选项A.forB.throughoutC.amongD.during问题15选项A.labor partyB.factory ownersC.slave ownersD.presidents问题16选项A.the UnionB.the NorthC.the SouthD.th

27、e State问题17选项A.alikeB.likelyC.similarD.related问题18选项A.sixB.twoC.liveD.seven问题19选项A.get togetherB.burst intoC.break outD.break up问题20选项A.by forceB.by persuadingC.by talkingD.by education【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:B第4题:A第5题:A第6题:D第7题:B第8题:A第9题:C第10题:B第11题:B第12题:D第13题:A第14题:B第15题:C第16题:A第17题:C第18题:A第19题:D第20题:A

28、解析】1.考查名词辨析。A选项conflict“冲突，矛盾”；B选项quarrel“吵架，争论”；C选项battle“战役，斗争”；D选项struggle“斗争，奋斗”。根据句意“美国内战是美国北部和南部地区之间长达四年的武装冲突。”选项A最符合语境。2.考查动词辨析。A选项establish“建立”；B选项preserve“保存”；C选项found“创立”；D选项last“持续”。根据原文可知，这里是说战争从1861年4月12持续到了1865年5月，所以选项D符合原文。3.考查介词辨析。原文是说在美国内战爆发之前的很长一段时间里，南北双方在很多问题上就已经存在分歧了。所以选项B符合原文。4

29、考查上下文语义。根据下文的描述可以推断出双方应该是存在分歧，由此可首先排除选项B和选项C；当表示双方意见不一致的时候用介词with，所以选项A正确。5.考查上下文语义。本段主要是讲南北之间的矛盾，下文提到了南方的奴隶主，那这里指的应该是北方的大多数人想要取消奴隶制。所以选项A符合原文。6.考查逻辑关系词。前后形成对比并且是相反的情况，应使用连词while表转折，所以选项D正确。7.考查上下文语义。上文提及北方大多数人想要取消奴隶制，然而南方的奴隶主们认为奴隶制在任何地方都应该被允许，所以选项B符合原文。8.考查形容词辨析。A选项political“政治的”；B选项economical“经济的

30、C选项educational “教育的”；D选项artificial“人造的”。根据原文可知，分裂南北方属于政治问题，所以选项A符合原文。9.考查连接词。A选项so to say“可以这么说，打个比方说”；B选项however“然而”；C选项that is“也就是说，换言之”；D选项for example“例如”。根据句意“北方相信一个强大的中央政府，（ ） ，联邦政府应该比州政府拥有更多的权力。”句子的后半部分是对前半部分的进一步解释，所以选项C更符合语境。10.考查逻辑连接词。上文提及北方相信一个强大的中央政府，而下文讲到南方认为这个国家是一个独立的，或者或多或少独立的州组成的联盟，前

31、后形成转折关系，所以选项B符合语境。11.考查上下文语义。这里是由and连接的两个并列成分，根据上一句“regarded the nation as a union of separate把国家看作是一个独立的联合体”可知，后半句表示或多或少独立的州。所以选项B符合句意。12.考查动词辨析。A选项succeed“继承，接替”；B选项erect“竖立，建造”；C选项establish“建立”；D选项withdraw“撤退，离开”。根据句意“他们认为，当一个州感到自己的利益受到威胁时，它有权退出或“脱离”联邦。”选项D符合原文语境。13.考查动词辨析。A选项elect“选举”；B选项select“

32、选择”；C选项choose“挑选”；D选项appoint“任命，委派”。根据原文可知，这里是说林肯当选为美国第16任总统，选项A符合句意。14.考查介词辨析。根据句意“林肯反奴隶制的观点闻名于全国”，贯穿全国用介词throughout，选项B正确。15.考查上下文语义。根据句意“他（林肯）的当选在南部 引起了恐慌。”林肯反对奴隶制，损害的是南方奴隶主的利益，所以选项C符合原文语境。16.考查上下文语义。根据最后一段第一句可知，这里指脱离的是联邦政府，所以选项A符合原文语境。17.考查形容词辨析。A选项alike“相似的，相像的”，强调两个人长得相像；B选项likely“可能的，合适的”；C选项

33、similar“相似的”；D选项related“有关联的”。根据原文可知，这里是说其他六个州也采取了类似的措施，选项C符合语境。18.考查上下文语义。南卡罗来纳州已经脱离了联邦政府，所以这里是说“如果这六个州也被允许脱离联邦政府的话.”，选项A符合语境。19.考查词组辨析。A选项get together“聚集，积累”；B选项burst into“闯入”；C选项break out“爆发，突发”；D选项break up“解散，衰落”。根据句意“如果这六个州也被允许脱离联邦政府的话，联邦很快就会分裂。”选项D符合原文语境。20.考查短语辨析。A选项by force“强迫地，靠武力”；B选项by pe

34、rsuading“通过劝说”；C选项by talking“通过谈判”；D选项 by education“通过教育”。根据句意“因此，在他就职后不久，他的内阁决定通过武力来维护联邦。”选项A符合原文语境。10. 单选题For professional athletes,（ ）to the Olympics means that they have a chance to enter the history book.问题1选项A.accessB.attachmentC.appealD.approach【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。access“通道，进入，机会”；attachment“附件，依

35、恋”；appeal“呼吁，恳求”；approach“方法，方式”。句意：对于专业的运动员来说，有机会进去奥林匹克意味着他们有机会进去历史书。A项符合题意。11. 单选题The old lady has developed a（ ） cough which cannot be cured completely in a short time.问题1选项A.perpetualB.permanentC.chronicD.sustained【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。perpetual“永久的，不断的”；permanent“固定的，永恒的，不变的”；chronic“慢性的，长期的”；sustai

36、ned“持续的，持久的”。句意：这位老妇人患了慢性咳嗽，不能在短时间内完全治好。C项符合题意。12. 单选题All the memories of his childhood had（ ） from his mind by the time he was 65.问题1选项A.fadedB.illustratedC.confinedD.concerned【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。fade“褪色，逐渐消失”；illustrate“阐明，举例说明”；confine“限制，紧闭”；concern“影响，牵挂，关系到，涉及”。句意：他大脑中童年时代的所有记忆在他65岁时都逐渐模糊。A项符合题意。1

37、3. 单选题Doctors are interested in using lasers as a surgical tool in operations on people who are （ ） to heart attack.问题1选项A.proneB.disposedC.infectiousD.accessible【答案】A【解析】考查固定搭配。be prone to“易于，有 的倾向”；be disposed to“愿意，使易感染”；be accessible to“容易接近的，容易进入的”。句意：医生对于运用激光给心脏病人做手术很感兴趣。A项符合题意。14. 单选题Because

38、of a（ ） engagement, Lora couldnt attend my birthday party last Saturday.问题1选项A.pioneerB.prematureC.priorD.past【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。pioneer“先锋”；premature“早产的，不成熟的”；prior“先前的”；past“过去”。句意：由于先前的约会，Lora上周六不能参加我的生日派对。C项符合题意。15. 单选题When you are at college, you should not（ ） your study.问题1选项A.get a big kick in

39、B.fool around withC.set asideD.draw on【答案】C【解析】考查短语辨析。A选项get a big kick in“得到极大的乐趣”；B选项fool around with“与不三不四的人鬼混”；C选项set aside“驳回，不管”；D选项draw on“利用，吸收”。句意：在上大学的时候，你不应该把学习放在一边不管不顾。选项C符合语境。16. 单选题Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for

40、each blank from a list of choices given in a word table following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the table is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet. You may not use any of the words in th

41、e table more than once.Many American students（1）higher education to prepare for professional employment. In your academic training you will need to begin planning for the（2）from college to career. A career is really a processit is how you progress through a （3）of jobs and occupations during your wor

42、king years. A college education can help you get started on your career journey.In America society, the type of occupational fields you choose and jobs you hold（4）your entire lifestyle: your concept, income, prestige, choice of friends, and where you will live. This freedom to choose from thousands

43、of employment choices can be（5）or troublingif you dont know where and how to begin.Career planning is a comprehensive process that takes much time and（6）. Career planning can greatly increase your（7）of obtaining employment in the occupation you choose. However, career planning includes much more tha

44、n a job search. It begins with carefully considering what you want and need in life.Career planning can be divided into four（8）steps that include self-assessment, occupational exploration and selection, career preparation, and job seeking. Although each students goal will be（9）, one suggested timeta

45、ble to help you keep on course is to complete one step in each university year. Your（10）may be longer or shorter depending on your career goal.问题1选项A.transmissionB.continuousC.enjoyableD.seriesE.perspectiveF.variesG.scheduleH.differentI.superficialJ.effortK.prospectsL.influenceM.cultivateN.pursueO.transition问题2选项A.transmissionB.continuousC.enjoyableD.seriesE.perspectiveF.variesG