2022年考博英语-中共中央党校考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷99附答案带详解.docx

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1、2022年考博英语-中共中央党校考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（附答案带详解）1. 单选题The result would be higher-cost imports that would represent a tax on the American consumers - a tax that would （ ） purchasing power and would undoubtedly constrain US economic growth.问题1选项A.sootheB.squeezeC.stimulateD.scramble【答案】B【解析】动词词义辨析。soothe “安慰，使平和”

2、squeeze “挤，握紧”；stimulate “刺激”；scramble “抢夺，争夺”。句意：其结果将是更高的进口成本，这将意味着对美国消费者征税，最终会降低购买能力，毫无疑问会限制美国经济发展。选项B符合题意。2. 单选题Hope helps. It keeps us going in bleak times and amid （ ） news. But hope has more credibility when we can point to the reason for it.问题1选项A.disheartenedB.dishearteningC.enlighteningD.e

3、nlightened【答案】B【解析】形容词词义辨析。disheartening “使沮丧”；disheartened“沮丧的”；enlightening“使人领悟的” ；enlightened“被启发的”。根据题意，空格中的形容词用来形容news，形容物体用-ing形式的形容词，选项A，D可排除。句意：希望是有帮助的。在暗淡的时光和令人沮丧的消息中，能够保持继续前进。但是希望更让人信服，当我们有理由去相信的时候。选项B符合题意。3. 单选题The economic crisis must prompt a profound reflection among the summit partic

4、ipants, since those （ ）voice has least force in the political scene are precisely those （ ）suffer most from the harmful effects of a crisis for which they do not bear responsibility.问题1选项A.X. XB.whose.whoC.which.whoD.which. X【答案】B【解析】语法题。根据题意，第一个空为定语从句关系代词，those为先行词，指 “那些人”，定语从句的主语应该为“那些人的声音”，缺定语，所以

5、选用关系代词whose在定语从句中充当定语。第二个空先行词为those，所以先行词为人，而且定语从句缺主语，选用关系代词 “who”，选项B符合题意。4. 单选题As recently as late last year, （ ）reports circulating among US and other international officials cited numerous Greek security flaws during counter-terrorism exercises conducted last August.问题1选项A.conspicuousB.confident

6、ialC.complimentaryD.confident【答案】B【解析】形容词词义辨析。conspicuous “显著的”；confidential “秘密的，机密的”；complimentary “称赞的，赠送的”；confident “自信的，确 信的”。句意：在去年年底，在美国和其他国家官员传播的机密报告引用了希腊在去年8月份的反恐演习中出现了许多安全漏洞。选项B符合题意。5. 单选题Field-based, socially complex education program call for a different framework and methodology for ev

7、idence gathering, （ ） the rigor in the “science” of investigative processes must be evaluated with a different set of criteria （ ） are traditionally employed with RCTs or quasi-experiment.问题1选项A.X.XB.that. thatC.where. thanD.which. which【答案】D【解析】根据题意，第一个空格为非限制定语从句，选项A和B可排除。又因为第二个空也是定语从句，先行词为criteria

8、所以空格中需填入关系代词在定语从句中充当主语。选项D符合题意。6. 单选题Max Weber proposed a complex approach to inequality which expressly takes account of non-economic dimensions of ranking and inequality. Against Marx, Weber maintains that the operation of power in societies is yet more fundamental than their economic basis. Powe

9、r（1）the capacity of individuals or groups to realize their will even （2） the opposition of others. This yields three categories fundamental to the analysis of inequality: class, status and party. Inequality may be located in economically defined（3）but could also be founded in status groups and polit

10、ical parties. In this elaboration he sought to refine the measurement of inequality and to show the potential singularity of his criteria （4） their connectedness. For example, power is often linked to class-based wealth but it can be separated in situations （5） power is linked to knowledge. Status r

11、efers to style of life. It also refers to social esteem, the respect and admiration （6） a person according to his or her social position and this can be local （7）structural and take account of interpersonal subjectivities. Marxs stress on structural relationships and on the duplicitous nature of cul

12、ture tends to be replaced by a view of classes as ranked hierarchies of fixed groupings（8）individuals may be mobile. While the categories are fixed and classes are bounded, individuals may, （9）, change their class position. （10）, Webers discussion emphasizes how both class and status distinction can

13、 affect peoples life chances, that is, the chances that an individual has to share in the economic and cultural goods of a society. Material and cultural goods are often （11）distributed and class and status rankings will ensure that people will have（12）access to these goods. These features of Webers

14、 thought are important to （13）when considering non-class based systems of（14 ）. The opening up of the relationship between inequality, meaning and manifestation allows for the consideration of systems of inequality other than class. There are ranked societies where there is unequal access to positio

15、ns of status and prestige and these are not necessarily linked to （15）. An example is found in those traditional African societies where the chiefs did not live at a （16 ）standard of living than their subjects and where economies were redistributive, （17）, the chief received tribute which he then（18

16、 his followers as a mark of his status and largesse. The position of many European noble families is a contemporary example of ranked society: access to （19） a title is limited, usually to family members, and many of these titled families are （20） wealthy and have no power by virtue of their nobili

17、ty in their societies. 问题1选项A.has defined toB.is defined toC.is defined asD.defines as问题2选项A.from the face ofB.in the face ofC.on the face ofD.to the face of问题3选项A.societiesB.categoriesC.dimensionsD.classes问题4选项A.as well asB.besidesC.exceptD.except for问题5选项A.thatB.whichC.whyD.where问题6选项A.accordedB.a

18、ccordsC.is accorded toD.to accord问题7选项A.rather toB.rather thanC.no other thanD.other than问题8选项A.whereB.through whichC.in whichD.to which问题9选项A.more or lessB.any the lessC.none the lessD.no less问题10选项A.HoweverB.NeverthelessC.FurthermoreD.But问题11选项A.symmetricallyB.asymmetricallyC.fairlyD.unfairly问题12选

19、项A.differentialB.similarC.the sameD.unequal问题13选项A.bear them to mindB.bear them in mindC.bear to mindD.bear in mind问题14选项A.hierarchyB.rankingC.singularityD.inequality问题15选项A.economic wealthB.cultural goodsC.status distinctionsD.class rankings问题16选项A.highB.higherC.lowD.lower问题17选项A.for exampleB.such

20、asC.that isD.whats more问题18选项A.gave toB.gave it toC.gave back toD.gave it back问题19选项A.claimB.askC.inheritD.assume问题20选项A.moreB.much moreC.lessD.no longer【答案】第1题:第2题:B第3题:D第4题:A第5题:D第6题:A第7题:B第8题:C第9题:C第10题:C第11题:C第12题:A第13题:D第14题:D第15题:A第16题:B第17题:D第18题:A第19题:C第20题:C【解析】（1）固定搭配。根据固定搭配be defined as “

21、被定义为”，选项A和B可排除。又根据被动语态的构成be +过去分词，D选项结构不完整，可排除。句意：权力被定义为个人或团体的能力。选项C符合题意。（2）固定搭配。in the face of “面对”； on the face of “从表面上判断”，没有搭配from the face of和to the face of，选项A和D可排除。句意：权力被定义为个人或团体即使面对他人的反对也能实现其意志的能力。选项B符合题意。（3）逻辑关系。根据上一句提到阶级、地位和党派，可知下文会是对其进行进一步阐述。but also后出现了status groups and political parties

22、可判断出此处应该提到classes“阶级”。选项D符合题意。（4）逻辑关系。根据文意，Max Weber想要通过衡量不平等，体现他的评判标准的特点和联系。所以用as well as表示“和”。选项A符合题意。（5）语法题。根据句子结构，可知空格要填入一个关系词引导定语从句，来修饰先行词situation。又根据从句部分句子完整，所以填入关系副词在从句中充当状语。where作地点状语，表示“在这种形势下”。选项D符合题意。（6）语法题。根据句子结构，refers为句子的谓语，所以空格中应该填入非谓语动词，选项B和C可排除。又因为accord和其前面的名词social esteem, the r

23、espect and admiration存在被动关系，所以选用动词的-ed分词表被动，选项A符合题意。（7）逻辑关系。根据下文，“Marxs stress on structural relationships”，可知Marx注重结构关系。而上文提到的是Max Weber的观点，可判断他注重本地关系而不是结构关系。又根据固定搭配rather than“而不是”。选项B符合题意。（8）语法题。根据句子结构，可知空格应该填入适当的关系代词或关系副词来引导定语从句，修饰先行词groupings，根据句意，“借助于这些组群，个人可能是流动的。”，where在定语从句中作地点状语，可排除。throug

24、h which为介词+关系代词的结构，在句中作状语，表示“借助于.，通过”。选项C符合题意。（9）逻辑关系和固定搭配。more or less “或多或少”； any the less “更少一些”；none the less “依然”； no less “居然”。根据while可知，上下句之间存在转折关系。句意：尽管社会群体与阶级是不变的，但是个人仍然可以或多或少地改变自己的社会地位。选项C符合题意。（10）逻辑关系。however和nevertheless都表转折关系，所以可同时排除。根据文意，空格后的内容是对上一句内容的进一步阐述和说明，所以两句存在递进关系，选用furthermore

25、此外，而且”表递进。选项C符合题意。（11）逻辑关系和副词辨析。symmetrically “对称地，平衡地”；asymmetrically “不对称地”；fairly “公平地”；unfairly “不公平地”。句意：Weber的讨论强调了阶级和地位的区别是如何影响人们的生活机会的，物质和文化产品必须公平分配。选项C符合题意。（12）形容词词义辨析。differential “差别的，微分的”； similar “相似的”； the same “同样，一样”； unequal “不平等的”。句意：阶级和地位不同将确保人们获取有差异的商品。选项A符合题意。（13）固定搭配。根据固定搭配bea

26、r sth. in mind可排除选项A和C。根据句意：Weber思想的这些特点是我们必须牢记的。选项D符合题意。（14）句意理解。根据下文，“The opening up of the relationship between inequality, meaning and manifestation allows for the consideration of systems of inequality other than class.”，可知空格的下文是对不平等制度的进一步阐述，所以空格应该填入inequality。选项D符合题意。（15）句意理解。根据上文，“There are r

27、anked societies where there is unequal access to positions of status and prestige”，可知在有等级的社会中，获得地位和名誉的机会是不平等的。空格前由and连接，表示一种递进关系。根据文章“these are not necessarily linked to”，these指代上文的status和prestige，可知并不意味着地位和名誉与经济财富有必要的关联。下文用实例说明的这一观点。选项A符合题意。（16）句意理解。根据上文提到地位和名誉和经济财富没有必要的关联，可知酋长的生活水平不会比他的属下高，所以nothi

28、gher的比较结构符合文意。选项B符合题意。（17）句意理解。for example“举例子”；whats more “还有，此外”；that is “也就是说”；such as“例如”。根据句意，空格后提到在经济在分配的社会，酋长会将贡品赠与出去，是对上文意思的一个补充。用whats more表补充说明。选项D符合题意。（18）语法题和固定搭配。根据句子结构，这是由关系代词which引导的定语从句，并其在定语从句中充当宾语，代替先行词tribute，可判断定语从句中不缺宾语。选项B和D可排除。又根据固定搭配give sth. to sb. “给某人某物”，give sth. back “归还

29、句意：酋长将贡品给自己的跟随者。选项A符合题意。（19）动词词义辨析。claim “要求，声称”；ask “要求，询问”；inherit “遗传，继承”；assume“假定，设想”。句意：爵位的继承是受到限制的。选项C符合题意。（20）句意理解。more “更多的”；much more “多得多的”；less “更少的”；no longer “不再”。句意：许多有头衔的家族凭借在社会中的高贵，是不富有的，而且也没有权力。选项C符合题意。7. 单选题Although politicians tended to （ ） acknowledging this aspect-of policy t

30、oo publicly, in their more candid moments they admitted that this cure for inflation went hand in glove with a rise in unemployment above NAIRU.问题1选项A.steer clear toB.steer clearing toC.steer clear ofD.steer clearing of【答案】C【解析】固定搭配。根据固定搭配steer clear to “避开”，句意：尽管政客们尽量避免过于公开认证这方面的政策。不存在选项A、B、D搭配。选项C

31、符合题意。8. 翻译题When ConAgra Foods came to China five years ago, the company had high hopes and big worries. Previously, the company entered the Japanese market and repeatedly ran into obstacles like communication breakdowns, cultural missteps and missed deadlines. While those wrinkles were eventually st

32、raightened out，ConAgra knew it could not afford to make the same mistake in China. Intent on finding a guide who could shorten the cultural distance, Julie Williams, who was then the companys human resources manager responsible for international organization, hired Carla Kearns, founder of TLI-The M

33、andarin School, based in Toronto, to provide its executives with intercultural business training.Ms. Kearns teaches companies to understand the fundamental values that Western and Chinese cultures see differently and that if ignored can wreak havoc on their bottom line. They include concepts of time

34、 hierarchy, individualism, personal relationships and saving face.Western executives flying into China for a week of back-to-back meetings but getting nowhere with their Chinese business partners? They may be investing money in the trip, but not something just as vital: time. Rushed schedules leave

35、 no time for skillful negotiation and can offend Chinese, who want to build trust and develop relationships, or guanxi, often by socializing over dinners and drinks.Another pitfall is when Westerners lay all the problems on the table, while Chinese will only address two at any given meeting because

36、criticism or blame will make them look bad in front of their peers.Western executives assuming their business practices are successful if their Chinese employees dont object? Think again. Chinese are taught to obey authority and are often loath to disagree with their bosses. Ms. Kearns charges corpo

37、rations about $5,000 for a day of training for 5 to 100 people and speaks to both Westerners and Chinese, focusing on the “core gut reactions” each audience has when facing cultural obstacles at the office. Part therapist, motivational speaker and management consultant, Ms. Kearns, who has worked ac

38、ross East Asia, begins by telling clients like ConAgra to leave their Western assumptions at home. “Im able to explain these cultural issues to Westerners because Ive been through that frustration, too,” she said. “So many times I see Westerners go to China and see something different than what happ

39、ens in North America, and it becomes this judgment and condemnation.” 【答案】当最终克服这些困难后，康尼格拉公司深知决不能在中国重蹈覆辙。卡恩斯教导企业要理解中西文化对基本价值的不同看法，忽视这些会带来不良后果。西方的管理人员飞到中国，一周内开会不断，但和中国商业伙伴却无任何进展？他们可以为旅行投资，而没有为同样重要的东西时间投资。另一个易犯错误是西方人把全部问题摆到桌面上，而中国人在特定会议上只愿意讨论少数几个问题，因为批评和责备会使他们在同行面前尴尬。近年来外国公司大量涌入中国，催生了不少新兴的文化交流和创新咨询机构，它

40、们受雇对西方人和中国人就外语、管理风格和企业文化进行培训。称职的文化培训者首先会谈到中国多数职场新手了解的礼仪，如交换名片要用双手，宴请时座次恰当，这些可能有助于进入会议室，但要成交且看到利润显然还需要细腻的方法。她说：“因为我曾经也经历过这种挫败，所以我能向西方人解释这些文化差距导致的问题。”9. 单选题Looking at history from our unique perspective, well naturally （ ） the powerful example set by the American Revolution.问题1选项A.remind thatB.be remi

41、nded thatC.remind ofD.be reminded of【答案】D【解析】固定搭配和语法。根据空格后“the powerful example set by the American Revolution”，可知这不是一个句子，所以不需要用that引导。选项A和B可排除。又因为固定搭配 “remind sb. of sth.” 使某人想起，sb. 和remind之前存在被动关系。选项D符合题意。10. 单选题Americans have a profound longing for heroes - now perhaps more than ever. On some lev

42、el, we still （ ） the myth of the man in the white hat.问题1选项A.succeed toB.subscribe toC.succeed againstD.subside into【答案】B【解析】固定搭配。succeed to “继承，接着发生”；subscribe to “同意，赞成”；succeed against “成功应对”；subside into “逐渐衰退”。句意：美国人对英雄有一种深厚的渴望-现在活着比以往更加渴望。在某种程度上，我们仍然相信戴白帽子人的神话。选项B符合题意。11. 单选题As a general rule,

43、 private individuals are free to refuse to buy goods or services from a business （ ） that the business has trading links with a country which is under the control of a government of which they disapprove.问题1选项A.on the groundB.on the groundsC.for the groundD.for the grounds【答案】B【解析】介词词组辨析。on the grou

44、nd“在地上，在决斗”；on the grounds“由于.的原因”；for不能和ground搭配，所以排除C和D项。句意：一般来说，个人可以自由地拒绝从一个企业购买商品或者服务，原因是该企业与他们不赞成的政府控制的国家有贸易联系。选项B符合题意。12. 翻译题It is also clear from his account who is responsible for misrepresenting this threat: the media and politicians. Thoughout this work, he scolds both. Politicians, we are

45、 told, “amplify the threat for their own political gains and mislead the public into misunderstanding terrorism and prefer appearing tough on terrorism to effectively combating it at home”. He argues that media reporting is significantly flawed and hysterical and suggests that the media and politici

46、ans seldom pass up any opportunity to manipulate and sensationalize news events. The combination of these two factors is a great inflation of the terrorist theat in the United States, resulting in popular hysteria. The focus on the threat to the West is understandable in some waysit is the threat to ones own state that the media and politicians are concerned with and attempt to mitigate.【答案】【参考译文】从他的描述中也可以清楚地看出，是谁歪曲了这一威胁：媒体和政客。在这篇文章中，他斥责了两者。他说，政客们为了自