2022年考博英语-浙江工业大学考前提分综合测验卷附带答案及详解套卷49.docx

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1、2022年考博英语-浙江工业大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）1. 单选题It is hard for the young people to imagine what severe conditions their parents once lived under.问题1选项A.sincereB.hardC.strictD.tight【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项sincere“真诚的”；B选项hard“艰难的”；C选项strict“严格的”；D选项tight“紧的，密封的”。句意：年轻人很难想象他们的父母曾经生活在多么艰苦的条件下。B选项与划线词词义最接近，因此B选项符合题

2、意。2. 单选题While typing, Helen has a habit of stopping（ ）to give her long and flowing hair a smooth.问题1选项A.occasionallyB.simultaneouslyC.eventuallyD.promptly【答案】A【解析】考查副词辨析。A选项occasionally“偶尔，间或”；B选项simultaneously“同时”；C选项eventually“最后，终于”；D选项promptly“迅速地，立即地”。句意：海伦打字时，习惯_停下来梳理一下她那飘逸的长发。这里表示的是“偶尔停下来”，因此

3、A选项符合题意。3. 单选题In accordance with the new regulations, you are entitled to three days of paid sick leave every month.问题1选项A.According toB.Carrying onC.Looking throughD.Putting out【答案】A【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项According to“根据”；B选项Carrying on“继承，开始实施”；C选项Looking through“浏览，温习”；D选项Putting out“扑灭，搏出”。句意：根据新规定，你每个月可

4、以享受三天的带薪病假。A选项与划线词的词义最接近，因此A选项符合题意。4. 单选题I gave the car a thorough（ ）before buying it.问题1选项A.inspectionB.reviewC.surveyD.check-up【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项inspection“视察，检查（更加仔细）”；B选项review“回顾，检查”；C选项survey“调查”；D选项check-up“检查，核对（比较随意）”。句意：我把车_了一遍才买下来。本句表达的是“将车子彻底检查一遍才买下来”，因此A选项符合题意。5. 单选题The monopoly-capita

5、list group（ ）many smaller enterprises last year.问题1选项A.integratedB.mergedC.undertakeD.collected【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项integrated“整合”；B选项merged“合并，融合，兼并”；C选项undertake“承担，担保”；D选项collected“收集，收藏”。句意：这家垄断资本集团去年_了许多较小的企业。这里表达是这个垄断公司去兼并别的小公司，因此B选项符合题意。6. 单选题The English language contains a(n) （ ）of words which

6、 are comparatively seldom used.问题1选项A.altitudeB.latitudeC.multitudeD.attitude【答案】C【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项altitude“高度，海拔”；B选项latitude“纬度”；C选项multitude “大量，多数”；D选项attitude“态度，看法”。句意：英语中有_相对较少使用的词。这里表达的意思是“有大量较少使用的词”，因此C选项符合题意。7. 单选题（ ）of over 5% are attractive if the dollar really is going to stabilize.问题1选项A.

7、ManufacturesB.YieldsC.CreatingD.Receiving【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项Manufactures“产品”；B选项Yields“生产量，收益”；C选项Creating “创造”；D选项Receiving“接受”。句意：如果美元真的要稳定下来，超过5%的_率是有吸引力的。根据逻辑，前半句讲到要稳定下来，那么之后说的应该也是“收益率”，因此B选项符合题意。8. 单选题Medicine depends on other fields for basic information, particularly some of their specialized

8、 branches.问题1选项A.conventionallyB.obviouslyC.inevitablyD.especially【答案】D【解析】考查副词辨析。A选项conventionally“通常”；B选项obviously“明显地”；C选项inevitably“不可避免地”；D选项especially“尤其”。句意：医学依赖于其他领域的基本信息，特别是某些领域的专业信息分支。表达的是“特别”的意思，因此D选项符合题意。9. 单选题In his classic novel, “The Pioneers”, James Fenimore Cooper has his hero, a la

9、nd developer, take his cousin on a tour of the city he is building. He describes the broad streets, rows of houses, a teeming metropolis. But his cousin looks around bewildered. All she sees is a forest. “Where are the beauties and improvements which you were to show me?” she asks. Hes astonished sh

10、e cant see them. “Where! Everywhere,” he replies. For though they are not yet built on earth, he has built them in his mind, and they as concrete to him as if they were already constructed and finished.Cooper was illustrating a distinctly American trait, future-mindedness: the ability to see the pre

11、sent from the vantage point of the future; the freedom to feel unencumbered by the past and more emotionally attached to things to come. “America is therefore the land of the future,” the German philosopher Hegel wrote. “The American lives even more for his goals, for the future, than the European.”

12、 Albert Einstein concurred. “Life for him is always becoming, never being.”In 2012, America will still be the place where the future happens first, for that is the nations oldest tradition. The early Puritans lived in almost Stone Age conditions, but they were inspired by visions of future glories,

13、Gods kingdom on earth. The early pioneers would sometimes travel past perfectly good farmland, because they were convinced that even more amazing land could be found over the next ridge. The Founding Fathers took 13 scraggly Colonies and believed they were creating a new nation on earth. The railroa

14、d speculators envisioned magnificent fortunes built on bands of iron. Its now fashionable to ridicule the visions of dot-com entrepreneurs of the 1990s, but they had inherited the urge to leap for the horizon. “The Future is endowed with such a life, that it lives to us even in anticipation,” Herman

15、 Melville wrote. “The Future is the Bible of the Free.”This future-mindedness explains many modern features of American life. It explains workaholism: the average American works 350 hours a year more than the average European. Americans move more, in search of that brighter tomorrow, than people in

16、other land. They also, sadly, divorce more, for the same reason. Americans adopt new technologies such as online shopping and credit cards much more quickly than people in other countries Forty-five percent of world Internet use takes place in the United States. Even today, after the bursting of the

17、 stock-market bubble, American venture-capital firmswhich are in the business of betting on the futuredwarf the firms from all other nations.Future-mindedness contributes to the disorder in American life, the obliviousness to history, the high rates of family breakdown, the frenzied waste of natural

18、 resources. It also leads to incredible innovations. According to the Yale historian Paul Kennedy, 75 percent of the Nobel laureates in economies and the sciences over recent decades have lived or worked in the United States. The country remains a magnet for the future-minded from other nations. One

19、 in 12 Americans has enjoyed the thrill and challenge of starting his own business. A study published in the Journal of International Business Studies in 2000 showed that innovative people are spread pretty evenly throughout the globe, but Americans are most comfortable with risk. Entrepreneurs in t

20、he U.S. are more likely to believe that they possess the ability to shape their own future than people in, say, Britain, Australia or Singapore.If the 1990s were a great decade of future-mindedness, we are now in the midst of a season of experience. I seems cooler to be skeptical, to pooh-pooh all t

21、hose IPO suckers who lost their money betting on the telecom future. But the world is not becoming more French. By 2012, this period of chastisement will likely have run its course, and future-mindedness will be back in vogue, for better or worse.We dont know exactly what the next future-minded fren

22、zy win look like. We do know where it will take place: the American suburb. In 1979, three quarters of American office space were located in central cities. The new companies, research centers and entrepreneurs are flocking to these low buildings near airports, highways and the Wal-Mart malls, and t

23、hey are creating a new kind of suburban life. There are entirely new metropolises rising boom suburbs like Mesa, Arizona, that already have more people than Minneapolis or St. Louis. We are now approaching a moment in which the majority of American office space, and the hub of American entrepreneurs

24、hip, will be found in quiet office parks in places like Rockville, Maryland, and in the sprawling suburbosphere around Atlanta.We also know that future-mindedness itself will become the object of greater study. We are discovering that there are many things that human beings do easily that computers

25、can do only with great difficulty, if at all. Cognitive scientists are now trying to decode the human imagination, to understand how the brain visualizes, dreams and creates.And we know, too, that where there is future-mindedness there is hope.47. The third paragraph examines Americas future-mindedn

26、ess from the（ ）perspective.48. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT brought about by future-mindedness?49. The word “pooh-pooh” in the sixth paragraph means（ ）.50. According to the passage, people at present can forecast（ ）of a new round of future-mindedness.51. The author predict

27、s in the last paragraph that the study of future-mindedness will focus on（ ）.问题1选项A.futureB.realisticC.historicalD.present问题2选项A.Economic stagnation.B.Environmental destruction.C.High divorce rates.D.Neglect of history.问题3选项A.appreciateB.praiseC.shunD.ridicule问题4选项A.the natureB.the locationC.the var

28、ietyD.the features问题5选项A.how it comes into being.B.how it functions.C.what it brings about.D.what it is related to.【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:D第4题:B第5题:B【解析】47.判断推理题。根据题干关键词定位到文章第三段 .for that is the nations oldest tradition. The early Puritans lived in almost Stone Age conditions, but they were inspired by v

29、isions of future glories（因为这是这个国家最古老的传统。早期的清教徒生活在几乎石器时代的环境中，但他们受到未来荣耀的启示）以及The Founding Fathers took 13 scraggly Colonies and believed they were creating a new nation on earth. （开国元勋们占领了13个破败的殖民地，并相信他们正在地球上创建一个新的国家。）这些都是作者对于过去美国历史的一些回顾，因此作者在第三段中是以历史的角度考察了美国的未来意识。因此C选项“历史的”正确。A选项“未来的”；B选项“现实的”以及D选项“现

30、在的”都不是第三段的叙事角度。48.事实细节题。根据题干关键词可以定位到第五段Future-mindedness contributes to the disorder in American life, the obliviousness to history, the high rates of family breakdown, the frenzied waste of natural resources.（对未来的关注导致了美国人生活的混乱、对历史的遗忘、高比率的家庭破裂以及对自然资源的疯狂浪费。）其中A选项“经济停滞”是没有提到的，当选。B选项“环境破坏”；C选项“高离婚率”以及D

31、选项“对历史的忽视”，都是文章中有提到的。49.语义推测题。根据题干关键词直接定位到第六段 If the 1990s were a great decade of future-mindedness, we are now in the midst of a season of experience. I seems cooler to be skeptical, to pooh-pooh all those IPO suckers who lost their money betting on the telecom future.（如果说1990年代是着眼未来的伟大十年，那么我们现在正处于

32、经历的季节之中。我似乎更冷静地持怀疑态度，对所有那些在电信未来上输了钱的IPO傻瓜们_。）这句话通过后面的sucker“容易上当受骗的人”以及who lost their money“那些输钱的人”可以看出，对他们应该是抱有鄙夷的态度的，因此D选项ridicule“嘲笑，奚落”正确。A选项appreciate“欣赏”；B选项praise“称赞”；C选项shun“避开”都不正确。50.事实细节题。根据题干关键词定位到第八段We dont know exactly what the next future-minded frenzy win look like. We do know where

33、it will take place: the American suburb.（我们不知道下一次的未来狂胜会是什么样子。我们知道它将在哪里发生：美国郊区。）根据这句话可以得出，B选项“地点”正确。A选项“未来”；C选项“种类”以及D选项“特点”都不是可以预测的。51.事实细节题。根据题干关键词定位到最后一段Cognitive scientists are now trying to decode the human imagination, to understand how the brain visualizes, dreams and creates.And we know, too,

34、 that where there is future-mindedness there is hope.（认知科学家现在正试图破解人类的想象，理解大脑是如何想象、做梦和创造的，我们也知道，有未来意识的地方就有希望。）根据这句话可以得出B选项“它是如何工作的”正确。A选项“它是如何发生的”；C选项“它带来了什么”以及D选项“它与什么相关”都不是作者预测的研究对象。10. 单选题For about three centuries we have been doing science, trying science out, using science for the construction o

35、f what we call modern civilization. Every dispensable item of contemporary technology, from canal locks to dial telephones to penicillin, was pieced together from the analysis of data provided by one or another series of scientific experiments. Three hundred years seems a long time for testing a new

36、 approach to human interaction, long enough to settle back for critical appraisal of the scientific method, maybe even long enough to vote on whether to go on with it or not. There is an argument.Voices have been raised in protest since the beginning, rising in pitch and violence in the nineteenth c

37、entury during the early stages of the industrial revolution, summoning urgent crowds into the streets any day on the issue of nuclear energy. The principal discoveries in this century, all in all, are the glimpses of the depth of our ignorance about nature. Things that used to seem clear and rationa

38、l, matters of absolute certaintyNewtonian mechanics, for examplehave slipped through our fingers, and we are left with a new set of gigantic puzzles, cosmic uncertainties, ambiguities; some of the laws of physics are amended every few years, some are canceled outright, some undergo revised versions

39、of legislative intent as if they were acts of Congress.Just thirty years ago we call it a biological revolution when the fantastic geometry of the DNA molecule was exposed to public view and the linear language of genetics was decoded. For a while, things seemed simple and clear, the cell was a neat

40、 little machine, a mechanical device ready for taking to pieces and reassembling, like a tiny watch. But just in the last few years it has become almost unbelievably complex, filled with strange parts whose functions are beyond todays imagining.It is not just that there is more to do; there is every

41、thing to do. What lies ahead, or what can lie ahead if the efforts in basic research are continued, is much more than the conquest of human disease or the improvement of agricultural technology or the cultivation of nutrients in the sea. As we learn more about fundamental processes of living things

42、in general we will learn more about ourselves.51. What CANT be inferred from the lst paragraph?52. Mans attitude toward scientific discoveries has always been（ ）.53. Scientists have discovered in the past few years that（ ）.54. What was hailed as a biological revolution thirty years ago?55. The write

43、rs main purpose in writing this passage is to say that（ ）.问题1选项A.Scientific experiments in the past three hundred years have produced many valuable items.B.For three hundred years there have been people holding hostile attitude toward science.C.For centuries scientific discoveries have been hailed b

44、y the human world unanimously.D.Three hundred years is not long enough to settle back for critical appraisal of the scientific method.问题2选项A.suspiciousB.undoubtingC.cynicalD.critical问题3选项A.the exposure of DNA to the public is unnecessaryB.the tiny cell in DNA is a neat little machineC.man actually k

45、nows nothing about DNAD.man has much to learn about DNA问题4选项A.Discovery of the structure of DNA.B.The decoding of the linear language.C.The mechanical device found in the human cell.D.The unbelievable complexity of DN问题5选项A.science has greatly improved mans lifeB.science is far from perfect in explo

46、ration of the worldC.science has reached its climax in many fieldsD.science has done too little to human beings【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:D第4题:D第5题:B【解析】51.事实细节题。根据题干关键词定位到第一段，第一段讲述了科学相关的历史，定位到倒数第二句话Three hundred years seems a long time for testing a new approach to human interaction, long enough to settle b

47、ack for critical appraisal of the scientific method, maybe even long enough to vote on whether to go on with it or not.（对于测试一种人类互动的新方法来说，三百年似乎太长了，足够让人们回过头来对科学方法进行批判性评估，甚至可能足够让人们投票决定是否继续使用它。）通过这句话可以得出，三百年的时候足够长，以至于人们开始批判性的评估科学了，因此C选项“几个世纪以来，科学发现一直受到人类世界的一致欢迎”，是和文章不符合的，因为科学已经开始被质疑了，因此C选项当选。A选项“过去三百年的科学实验产生了许多有价值的东西”，是文章中提到的；B选项“三百年来，有人对科学持敌对态度”，是文章的观点；D选项“三百年的时间不足以让我们回过头来对科学方法进行批判性的评价”，这个虽然与原文看似不符合，但是后文有一句There is an argument.“但是这是有争议的。”可以看出这句话是有争议的，因此D选项是有争议的，