2022年考博英语-西南政法大学考试题库难点易错点剖析附答案有详解39.docx

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1、2022年考博英语-西南政法大学考试题库（难点、易错点剖析）附答案有详解1. 单选题Her speech was（ ）and caused a lot of angry comment.问题1选项A.prospectiveB.proneC.provocativeD.promising【答案】C【解析】形容词辨析题。A选项prospective“未来的，预期的”；B选项 prone“有倾向的”；C选项provocative“刺激的，挑拨的，气人的”；D选项promising“有希望的”。句意：她的演讲很气人，引起了许多愤怒的评论。选项C符合句意。2. 单选题A camera takes ligh

2、t rays（ ）off subjects and focuses them on a sheet of film.问题1选项A.disguisedB.definedC.bouncedD.incorporated【答案】C【解析】动词辨析题。A选项disguise“掩饰，隐瞒，伪装”；B选项define“定义，规定”；C选项bounce“弹跳”；D选项incorporate“包含，合并”。句意：照相机捕捉物体反射的光线，并将其聚焦在一张胶片上。bounce off意为“弹开，反弹”，这里指反射光线，所以选项C符合句意。3. 单选题Nine of the ten campuses of the

3、University of California led by Berkeley once again made it into an annual ranking of the worlds leading universities. Alls well in California higher education, it might seem.But that is not what Pat Brown or Clark Kerr would say, were they alive today. They were, respectively, governor of the state

4、 and president of the University of California in 1960, when California adopted a “master plan that became an international model. Their aim was not only to have excellent public universities, but to give the states population nearly universal and free access to them. Some pupils would so-called com

5、munity colleges for a two-year vocational programme, others one of the (now 23) campuses of the California State University, and the best might go to a UC campus.In order to assure access for all, tuition charges were banned only “fees” for some costs other than education were allowed. Most funding

6、was to come from taxpayers. The premise was that higher education was a public good for the state, which was nursing its own future entrepreneurs and taxpayers. As Mr. Kerr put it, the universities were “bait” to be hung in front of industry, with drawing power greater than low taxes or cheap labor.

7、That consensus has been overturned. In 1990, the state paid 78% of the cost of educating each student. That ratio dropped to 47% last year, and will fall even more during the current academic year, after the latest round of budget cuts, overseen by Jerry Brown, the current governor and son of Pat Br

8、own. In some ways, California has now inverted the priorities of the older Browns era. Spending on prisons passed spending on universities in around 2004.This has led to concerns that public universities might lose their excellence. It takes money to attract the best professors, and the best student

9、s follow them. An alternative to worse public universities, however, is quasi-privatized ones. That seems to be the route taken in California.Thus students will this year, for the first time, pay more for tuition than the state gives in funding. This follows years of tuition fee increases far steepe

10、r than the average at American public universities. A place at a UC campus can easily now cost $13,000, or $31000 including housing, given Californias high costs.To raise other revenues, the various campuses also admit ever more out-of-state students (who pay three times more) and, target rich gradu

11、ates for more donations. Led by the business and law schools, they behave increasingly like private universities, in other words. This strategy retains pockets of excellence. But it also runs counter to the philosophy of the master plan, by pricing ever more Californian families out of a place. The

12、state now ranks 41st in the number of college degrees awarded for every 100 of its high school graduates.1.Pat Brown and Clark Kerr attempted to set up excellent public universities, as well as（ ）.2.What does Mr. Kerr imply by saying “bait” to be hung in front of industry (Line4, Para. 3)?3.What is

13、the concern on the public universities since the state spending on universities has dropped?4.Campuses in California receive students from other states for the purpose of（ ）.5.What can we infer from the passage about higher education in California?问题1选项A.building an international model of universiti

14、es around the worldB.competing with the so-called community colleges in the stateC.offering common and free access to universities to the states populationD.providing a two-year vocational program for the states population问题2选项A.The universities foster to-be elites for industryB.The tuition fees are

15、 banned in the universitiesC.The higher education is a state welfareD.The universities are more attractive than low taxes or cheap labor.问题3选项A.To be unable to attract the best professorsB.To be unable to maintain their excellenceC.To be high-pricedD.To be quasi-privatized问题4选项A.getting more donatio

16、nsB.behaving like private universitiesC.making up shortage of graduatesD.improving other earnings问题5选项A.Children from Californian families cant obtain the education due to the high costs.B.It has moved towards private universities along with its development.C.It is only nursing its own future entrep

17、reneurs and taxpayers.D.It produces fewer company founders, inventors and taxpayers.【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:B第4题:D第5题:B【解析】1.细节事实题。根据关键词“Pat Brown and Clark Kerr”定位到第二段的内容“Their aim was not only to have excellent public universities, but to give the states population nearly universal and free access to th

18、em.他们的目标不仅是拥有优秀的公立大学，而且要让该州的人口几乎可以免费进入这些大学。”选项C符合原文。2.判断推理题。根据关键词“bait”所在句子的上文“The premise was that higher education was a public good for the state, which was nursing its own future entrepreneurs and taxpayers.前提是高等教育是全州的一种公共利益，为未来培养自己的企业家和纳税人。”也就是说，大学是挂在工业面前的“诱饵”指的是大学培养工业精英。选项A符合原文。3.细节事实题。根据倒数第三段

19、首句“This has led to concerns that public universities might lose their excellence.”这导致人们担心公立大学可能会失去它们的优势。也就是无法保持自己的优势，选项B符合原文。4.细节事实题。根据最后一段第一句“To raise other revenues, the various campuses also admit ever more out-of-state students.为了增加其他收入，各个校区还招收了越来越多的外州学生。”选项D符合原文。5.判断推理题。根据最后一段第二句“Led by the bus

20、iness and law schools, they behave increasingly like private universities, in other words.换句话说，在商学院和法学院的领导下，它们（州立大学）的行为越来越像私立大学。”选项B符合原文。选项A和C表述均不正确，选项D在文中没有提及。4. 单选题Im afraid I （ ）forgot her birthday.问题1选项A.pureB.rightC.sheerD.clean【答案】C【解析】副词辨析题。A选项pure“纯粹的”；B选项right“正确的”；C选项sheer“完全，彻底”；D选项clean“

21、干净的”。句意：我恐怕完全忘记她的生日了。选项C符合句意。5. 单选题TV, radio and newspaper are important（ ）for advertising.问题1选项A.featuresB.broadcastingC.publicationsD.media【答案】D【解析】名词辨析题。A选项feature“特色，特征”；B选项broadcast“广播”；C选项publication“出版，发表”；D选项media“媒介”。句意：电视、广播和报纸是广告的重要媒介。选项D符合句意。6. 翻译题Put the following into Chinese.Where the

22、 paradigm of war applies, the executive dominates in deciding who lives or dies. Justice OConnor nonetheless claimed in Hamdi (案件名称)that the war on terror does not give the executive a blank check (自由处理权) to do as it pleases in the name of security. If one accepts this premise, then the question bec

23、omes how to control the executives war power without unduly hampering it. Under a Mathews-style approach, to determine whether due process demands a particular procedural control over targeted killing (ARA), one should: (a) identify the range of legitimate interests that the procedure might protect;

24、 (b) assess the degree to which adoption of the procedure actually would protect these interests; and (c) weigh these marginal benefits against the damage the procedure may cause to other legitimate interests.Judicial control of targeted killing could increase the accuracy of target selection, reduc

25、ing the danger of mistaken or illegal destruction of lives, limbs, and property. Independent judges who double-check targeting decisions could catch errors and cause executive officials to avoid making them in the first place.More broadly, judicial control of targeted killing could serve the interes

26、ts of all people targets and non-targets in blocking the executive from exercising an unaccountable, secret power to kill. If possible, we should avoid a world in which the CIA or other executive officials have unbelievable power to decide who gets to live and who dies in the name of a shadow war th

27、at might never end. Everyone has a cognizable interest in stopping a slide into tyranny.【答案】在战争模式适用的情况下，行政机构主导决定谁生谁死。尽管如此，奥康纳法官在哈姆迪案件中声称，反恐战争并没有给行政机构自由处理权，让他们以安全的名义随心所欲地行事。如果人们接受这一前提，那么问题就变成了如何在不过度阻碍行政权力的前提下控制其战争权力。根据马修斯风格的方法，要确定正当程序是否需要对有目标的杀戮(ARA)进行特定的程序控制，应该:(a)确定程序可能保护的合法利益范围;(b)评估采用这一程序实际能在多大程度

28、上保护这些利益;(c)权衡这些边际利益与程序可能造成的其他合法利益的损害。对有针对性杀戮的司法控制可以提高目标选择的准确性，减少错误或非法毁坏生命、肢体和财产的危险。反复检查目标决策的独立法官可能会发现错误，并导致行政官员一开始就避免制造这些错误。从更广泛的意义上讲，对有针对性杀戮的司法控制可以服务于所有人的利益，不管是目标人群和还是非目标人群，它可以阻止行政部门行使不负责任的秘密权力来进行杀戮。如果可能的话，我们应该避免这样一个世界：中央情报局或其他行政官员拥有令人难以置信的权力，以可能永远不会结束的影子战争的名义来决定谁生谁死。每个人对于反对暴政都有明显的兴趣。7. 单选题The foun

29、ding of new China（ ）peoples desire for independence.问题1选项A.declaredB.impliedC.manifestedD.announced【答案】C【解析】动词辨析题。A选项declare“宣布，声明”；B选项imply“意味，暗示”；C选项manifest“表明，显示”；D选项announce“宣布”。句意：新中国的成立表明了人民对独立的渴望。选项C符合句意。8. 单选题It would be（ ） to arrive at a conclusion now.问题1选项A.premierB.prematureC.preliminar

30、yD.prior【答案】B【解析】形容词辨析题。A选项premier“首要的”；B选项premature“不成熟的，早产的”；C选项preliminary“初步的，开始的”；D选项prior“优先的”。句意：现在下结论还为时过早。选项B符合句意。9. 单选题This article opens and closes with descriptions of two news reports, each making one major point（ ）the other.问题1选项A.in honor ofB.in accordance withC.in contrast withD.in a

31、greement with【答案】C【解析】词组辨析题。A选项in honor of“为庆祝”；B选项in accordance with“依照，与一致”；C选项in contrast with“与形成对比”；D选项in agreement with“同意，与一致”。句意：这篇文章的开头和结尾是对两篇新闻报道的描述，每一篇都有一个主要观点与另一篇形成对比。选项C符合语境。10. 单选题Many soldiers have to remind themselves when they return home not to use （ ）language of the barracks.问题1选项

32、A.vulgarB.grossC.roughD.coarse【答案】D【解析】形容词辨析题。A选项vulgar“通俗的”；B选项gross“恶劣的”；C选项rough“粗糙的”；D选项coarse“粗俗的，下等的”。句意：许多士兵回家后不得不提醒自己不要在军营里说粗话? 选项D更符合语境。11. 单选题Do you agree with the saying that the monkey was the（ ）of human race?问题1选项A.offspringB.successorC.breederD.predecessor【答案】D【解析】名词辨析题。A选项offspring“后代

33、子孙”；B选项successor“继承者”；C选项breeder“饲养员，繁殖者”；D选项predecessor“前身，祖先”。句意：你同意猴子是人类祖先的说法吗? 选项D符合句意。12. 单选题Father gave us（ ）consent to take the apples for he smiled when he saw us do it.问题1选项A.explicitB.implicitC.ambiguousD.negative【答案】B【解析】形容词辨析题。A选项explicit“明确的，清楚的”；B选项implicit“含蓄的，暗示的”；C选项ambiguous“模糊不清的

34、D选项negative“消极的，否定的”。句意：父亲默许我们摘苹果，因为看到我们摘苹果时，他笑了。选项B更符合语境。13. 翻译题Translate the following into ChineseIf the Commission finds, after notice and opportunity for hearing, that any person is violating, has violated, or is about to violate any provision of this title, or any rule or regulation thereund

35、er, the Commission may publish its findings and enter an order requiring such person, and any other person that is, was, or would be a cause of the violation, due to an act or omission the person knew or should have known would contribute to such violation, to cease and desist from committing or cau

36、sing such violation and any future violation of the same provision, rule, or regulation. Such order may, in addition to requiring a person to cease and desist from committing or causing a violation, require such person to comply, or to take steps to effect compliance with such provision, rule, or re

37、gulation, upon such terms and conditions and within such time as the commission may specify in such order. Any such order may, as the Commission deems appropriate, require future compliance or steps to effect future compliance, either permanently or for such period of time as the Commission may spec

38、ify, with such provision, rule or regulation with respect to any security, any issuer, or any other person.【答案】在通知和一个听讯机会后，如果委员会发现任何人正在、已经或即将去违反这个法令的任何条款、或其下的任何规则或规章，那么该委员会可能发布其调查结果，且提出一个指令，其要求这个人和任何其它人（这个人因其知晓或本应知晓的会导致如此违反的一个行为或疏忽而现在、过去或将来是此类违反的一个原因）停止犯下或造成此类违反和任何对同样条款的将来违反。除需要一个人停止犯下或导致一个违反之外，如此的指

39、令可能要求这类人，依据该委员会在如此的指令中可能规定的条款和条件以及时间期限，去遵守或采取措施去实现遵守如此的条款，规则或规章。就任何担保人、发行者或任何其它人而言，任何如此的指令可能，如同该委员会认为恰当的那样，要求以后永久地或在该委员会可能规定的时间段内遵守或采取措施去实现遵守如此的条款、规则或规章。14. 翻译题Translate the following into English确定目的后，原告必须考虑在什么法院起诉最能实现其目的。他必须在联邦法院起诉? 在州法院?或两者可选其一?若在州法院，在哪一州?若在联邦法院，该在全国86个辖区中的哪个区？在此存在许多考量，有些过于技术的我们便

40、不在本文中论及。然而，并非所有案件的原告都会面临选择难题。如上所述，有些案件只能在联邦法院提起， 且事实上只能在一所特定的联邦法院.。【答案】After making his decision, the plaintiff must consider how to select adequate court to sue, e.g. the federal court, state one or those are the two alternatives. If going to the state court, he need think about choosing which; or

41、the federal court, he has to choose a district from nationals 86 jurisdictions. Because there are many factors to be estimated, it is not convenient for us to discuss some know hows herein. But not all plaintiffs should be faced with the dilemma. As stated, a type of case may be heard only in the fe

42、deral court, and in fact only in a special one.15. 单选题Radar is used to extend the（ ）of mans senses for observing his environment, especially the sense of vision.问题1选项A.validityB.liabilityC.capabilityD.intensity【答案】C【解析】名词辨析题。A选项validity“有效性，正确性”；B选项liability“责任，可能性”；C选项capability“才能，能力”；D选项intensity

43、强度”。句意：雷达是用来扩展人们观察环境的感知能力，特别是视觉感知能力。选项C符合语境。16. 翻译题Put the following passages into Chinese:The compromise alleged distasteful to those who are reserved as to the worth of arbitration is not the honorific type. Properly, it is the invidious compromise. This means not considering the merits of the ma

44、tter, but recognizing the outer limits and splitting the difference. This would be an improper use of an arbitrators powers. Where it occurs, arbitration fails.An example may serve to distinguish between the distasteful invidious compromise and the seeming honorific compromise that may arise in an a

45、rbitration. The assumed matter concerns a buyer, who contracted for certain goods, which he received, but which he believes are inferior from the ordered merchandise. He can use the goods, but believes the full price should not be paid. He opines that a price allowance of one dollar per unit should

46、be made. The manufacturer-seller disputes the claim of inferiority. In an arbitration hearing the arbitrator may find there was a deficiency, but not to the extent claimed. For reasons of the facts presented, he may award a 50% per unit reduction, or 50 cents per unit allowance, in a compromise, tha

47、t is the invidious compromise, the decision would not consider the facts, but would consider only the wish to resolve the matter. An invidious compromise award at the same 50% per unit reduction would bear no relation to the degree of inferiority and potential of use. The purpose of arbitration is not to please all parties to some extent; it is to reach a decision with due re