英国文学选读问题&答案和参考资料.docx

《英国文学选读问题&答案和参考资料.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《英国文学选读问题&答案和参考资料.docx（18页珍藏版）》请在三一文库上搜索。

1、Prose：OfMaTTia史eandSin史IeIJfeF17l.Ismarriageanimpedimentorhelptoone,scareerdevelopment?IntheeasyOfMarriageandSinglelife,Baconprefersmarriagetosinglelife.Hethinksunmarriedmenarebestfriends;bestmasters;bestservants;butnotalwaysbestsubjects;fortheyarelighttorunaway;andalmostallfugitivesareofthatConditi

2、on,Wivesareyoungmen,smistresses;companionsformiddleage;andoldmen,snurses”.Ihavetosayhiswordscanstillbetruetoday;mathisback,thoughmanyyoungpeoplenowchoosetoremainsinglenomatermaleorfemale.Butsince3Sladies,9oroverleftladies,9becomethecatchword,thefemaleseemsmoreterrible.Maybebecausewomenareeasiertoget

3、oldbuttomen30isthegoldagesofcareerdevelopment.Forthemainreasonsof3Sladies,somearehighstandardforhusband;somearethefurtherstudying.Formen,maybetheyarefightinginbusiness;maybetheyaretoobadtofindawife.Thenwecanseeallthestateofpresentmarriage.Eventhoughsomesayarriageisthetomboflove,Iyetsupportmarriage.M

4、arriageandfamilymakepeoplemoreresponsibleandloving,makedeeperlovebetweenspousesandmakelifemorecolorful.Theabilitytoloveandbelovedisthemostpreciousofgiftsgiventoman,whichshouldbehighlytreasured.FamilyletamanIeamtocarethewholeunit.Hehastotakegoodcareofhiswifeandson,lovethem,beresponsibleforthem,allofw

5、hicharethesametowomen.Allthesequalitiesarevitaltoanyone,scareer.Whenyouworkbackhome,wifeorhusbandisalwaysthelistenertoyou,sonthewarmhearttoyou.Spouseshelpeachotherandsupporteachother;familyistheharborforsoul.Thusitishelptoone,scareerdevelopment.2.Certainly,wifeandchildrenare“akindofdisciplineofhuman

6、ity”。妻子儿女显然是人性的一种纪律约束Abachelor,s单身lifefocusisbuthimself,sohewillspendalotofmoneyoneverythingthatfeasthiseyeswithouthesitation.Whafsmore,heislikelytohaveagoatanyrisksthatmakehimfeelexcitingandfreshforbeingfreefromanyburden.However,amarriedmanalwaystendstothinktwicebeforemakinganimportantdecisioninord

7、ertopreventbringinganyharmtohisfamily.Heshouldhavethemotivationtoworkhardtofulfillwifeandchildren,sexpectation.Asaresult,familyletamanIeamtocarethewholeunit.Hehastotakegoodcareofhiswifeandson,lovethem,beresponsibleforthe.Alovinghusbandandaqualifiedfathercancontributethegreatestmeritforthepublictoala

8、rgeextent.人的感情会移位，结婚的人对人生的态度肯定与单身之时不一样。有孩子的人更因为对孩子的爱迁移到芸芸众生身上。结婚意味着两个人的结合，不管肉体还是精神。在无形中把不相干的两个人熔铸成合体的一个人，对对方的关心和照顾如同自己，对对方的牵挂那是牵肠挂肚。婚姻也让两个人变得更有责任感，感情更加丰富，对社会将会产生奇异的变化，对人生的探索产生深远的影响。单身是自由的，没有婚姻的束缚，没有孩子的牵绊，享受生命的存在，享受一个人的独处.当孤独来临时单身的人会去找人生的知己，会碰到与之共度人生的另一半，于是便有了婚姻。3.Baconprefersmarriagetosinglelife.Doy

9、oufindhisargumentsconvincing?Yes.IthinkBacon,sargumentsareconvincing.Inthedemonstrationprocess,Baconusesthemethodcomparisontoanalyzetheadvantagesofmarriageandtheshortcomingsofsinglelifeinordertotellusmarriageisbetterthansinglelife.Takingthesentence“wivesareyoungmen,smistresses,companionsformiddleage

10、andoldmen,snurses”forexample,itisquiteconvincingandreasonable.Marriagecanbringhappinesstopeople.Itistheecstasywhenpeoplepursuemarriageintheiryouth.Toayoungman,ononehand,awifeneedshiscareandgoodgraces.Awifeisaflowerandamanshouldpaymuchattentiontoherandgiveherspeciallove.Ontheotherhand,womenarealways

11、olderthanmenaccordingtotheirmentalages.So,wivesaremorematurethanherhusbandandshecouldmakemanydecisionsandarrangementsforthefamily.Thatiswhywivesareyoungmen,smistresses.Whenamaninhismiddleage,heneedshiswifetohelphimnotonlyinthecareerbutalsointhefamilylife.Themiddle-agedmansuffersgreatpressureincareer

12、andhewantshiswifetosupportthefamilytogether.Also,hecouldconfidehistroublestohiswife.So,thatisthereasonforhavingawifeinmiddleage.Whenthemangrowsolder,hisbodyisnotsostronglikebefore.So,heneedshiswifetotakecareofhimanddothethingsas“nurses”forhim.Inaddition,anoldmanisalwayslikeachildandheneedsspecialatt

13、entionfromhiswife.So,accordingtothereasonsmentionedabove,awifeisalwaysnecessarytoamanandawifealwaysplaysimportantandirreplaceableroleinaman,slife.Inaddition,theargumentistheconclusionaccordingtoBacon,slong-timeobservationandconsiderationtowardslife.Frommyperspective,hisargumentsareconvincing.Ithinkh

14、isargumentsareconvincing.Bacon,sbasicideaisthatmarriageisgoodtobothindividualandsociety.Hisanalysisistakenstepbystep.Atfirst,asinglemanthinksjusttoliveasinglelifecanhemakesomegreatcontributionstothesociety.Butasinglepersononlycaresabouthimself,hedoesn,tpayattentiontothefuture,itcanbeveryunwise.Singl

15、elifecouldalsomakeamantobeserioustohisfreedom.Onthecontrary,marriagemakesamanberesponsible,tender,enthusiasticandwarm-hearted.Astheauthorsaying:uwivesareyoungmen,smistresses,companionsformiddleage,andoldmen,snurses”.Itmeansthatwhenamanisyoung,wifetalksaboutlovewithhim,whenhecomestomiddleage,wifealwa

16、ysstaywithhimasacompanion,whenhebecomesold,wifewilltakecareofhimtilltheendoftime.Eventhoughawifemarriesabadhusband,marriageoffersagoodchanceforhusbandtocorrectthemselves.Thewholeessay,smainpointisveryobvious,authortellsfromtwoaspects.Firstly,hesayshowbaditistobeasingleman.Secondly,hetellsalotofadvan

17、tagesofbeingmarried.Eachaspecthasenoughproof.AtBacon,speriod,hisargumentsmaybemoreconvincingthannowadays.OfStUdieSP18l.Wearenowlivingintheageofinformationexplosion”.WhatlessonscanwelearnfromBacon5sinouraccesstoinformation?Ourplanetisdevelopingforward.Thefast-movingdevelopmentofscienceandtechnologyma

18、kesitmoreconvenientforstudentstogetsufficientandeffectiveinformationbycountlessways.Thatistheexternalconditionforourstudy,whichwecanappropriatelymakefulluseof.ButWhatwehavetokeepinmindisthattheeternalmasterofstudyisnoonebutourselvesintheprocessofstudying.Actually,msureeveryoneclearlyknowstheimportan

19、ceandsignificanceofreading,ofstudies.However,thebiggestproblemisthattheyhardlyhavepowerfulresistancetothosetemptationsaroundus,suchasnew-stylevideogames,latestHollywoodblock-buster,AvrilRamonaLavigne,snextconcert.Placedintheinformationcurrent,youngstudentsaredifficulttorationallydealwiththefloodingi

20、nformation.Theterribleresultisthattheybecomemoreandmoreindifferenttoreadingbooks,andwheneveracademicassignscome,wejuststartuptheircomputerandaccesstoinformationontheInternetnomatterhowmuchinformationtheycanreallycopyandmakeuse.Whatapity!Astoefficientstudymethodstoalltheseinformation,Baconinsistsonth

21、ecombinationoftheoryandpractice,studiesthemselvesdogiveforthdirectionstoomuchatlarge,excepttheybeboundedinbyexperience.Andintermsofbookswhichmeanfortodaynotonlypaperbooksbutalsoinformationonlineforexamplee-books,Baconholdstheviewsomebooksaretobereadonlyinparts;otherstoberead,butnotcuriously;andsomef

22、ewtobereadywholly,andwithdiligenceandattention”.Alltheideascandefinitelygivecollegestudentspreciouslessonstostudyandreadingbookstoday.Whenwefacethefloodinginformation,somearetobereadinpart;they,rejustprovidingnothingthanbackgroundwhichcanbeusefultounderstandandcompleteassignments.Wecannotmerelydepen

23、dallonthecomputerinsteadofmeditatehardonourown.Ofcourse,practicingisquitesignificanttoday.Infact,thatdoesn,tmeanpracticeshouldbetheactionoutofpapers;inturn,thetermpaperfinishedonone,sownisapracticeofapplyinghisknowledgetopracticalwriting.Informationaroundusisshowingupwithoutstopping.Theyareallneverc

24、heckedbyexperts,trueorfalse.Weaccesstothemwheninneed.Stillwehavetobecautiousandjustviewthemasareminderorbrainstormresourcestohelpintegrateourideastowellorganizethewholeassignment.Thisistherightattitudetoinformationandtoourownstudy.2.Inwhatsensedoesreadingmakeafullman?Readingmakesafullman.Historiesma

25、kemenwise,poets,witty;themathematics,subtle;naturalphilosophy,deep;moral,grave;logicandrhetoric,abletocontend.Readinghistoriesmakespeoplelearnlessonsfromtheancienttime,avoidmakingthesamemistakesandpredictthedevelopmentofthings.Peoplewhoreadhistorieswillbewiserthanthesewhojustactaccordingtotheirownpr

26、eferenceswithoutlearningfromhistories.Readingpoemsmakespeoplelearnthebeautyoflanguage,thebeautifulclassicalstyleofartandliveapoeticlife.Peoplewhoreadpoemswillbewittierthanthesewhohaven,tfeelthebeautifulmoodandpurelife.Readingmathematicsmakespeoplefocusontheaccuratecalculation,developascientificattit

27、ude,andformapragmaticspirit.Peoplewhoreadmathematicswillbemoresubtletoconsiderthingsfromallaspectsanddothingsfromthedropcarefullythanthesewhodon,tread.Readingnaturalphilosophymakespeoplepursuetruth,exploretheunknownmystery,andpracticeactively.Peoplewhoreadnaturalphilosophywillbedeeperthanthesewhodon

28、tlearnthetheoryofreflectingthetruth.ReadingmoralmakespeoplelearnthewayofharmonyIiving5formtheprincipleofethicalbehaviorsanddevelopcorrectoutlooksonvalues.Peoplewhoreadmoralwillbegraverthanthesewhobehavewithoutcorrectprinciplesandcan,tdealwithdifferentrelationships.Readinglogicmakespeoplemastertheru

29、lesofthinking,dealingwithdifferentthingsandexploringobjectivereality.Peoplewhoreadlogicwillbemorecontendtohaveclearideas,matertheprinciplesofobjectivetruththanthesewhodon,tactaccordingtorules.Differentkindsofreadingmaterialsplaydifferentrolesinmakingafullman.Peopleshouldgetintodifferentreadingfields

30、andtrainthemselvestobecomeacomprehensivetalent.Readingwilldogoodtoone,sphysicalhealthaccordingtosomereadingmaterialsofphysicaltraining.Whafsmoreimportant,readingpromotesthedevelopmentoflogicthinkingandmorality.Peoplecanbecalledafullmanonconditionthattheyhavefinequality,delicateself-cultivationandstr

31、ictmorality.Trytoreadextensivelyandbecomeafullman.Asfarasmconcerned,readingcanmakeafullman,cancultivateaman,andcanmakeamanmoveforwardinthewayheunderstandtheviewoftheworld,thelifeandthevalue.Afullmanshouldhaveapositiveworldviewandadoptanactivephilosophyoflife,whichareusuallybasedonabalancedknowledges

32、tructure.FromFrancisBacon,sOfStudies,Iknowthattheessaynotonlyintroducesthemethodsofreadingbooksanddiscussesthepurposesandfunctionsofreading,butalsoanalyzesthedifferentattitudesofthepeoplewhoarereadingbooks.Mostimportantly,wecanknowhowtobeafullmanfromreading.FrancisBacon,sOfStudiessaysHistoriesmakeme

33、nwise,poets,witty;themathematics,subtle;naturalphilosophy,deep;moral,grave;logicandrhetoric,abletocontend.Thatistosay,wereadallkindsofbooksinordertohavemoreperfectknowledgeandformcriticalthinkingwhichcanmakeusbeafullmanbyreading.Readingcanmakeafullman.Thatistosay,weshouldreadmorebookswhichareusefula

34、ndhelpfulforus.Readingcanenlargeourknowledgeindifferentfields.FromOfStudies,studiesservefordelight,forornament,andforability.Itmeansthatstudiescanmakepeoplehappy,wise,increasingknowledge.Ifwereadallkindsofbooks,weareabletotastewhatmightnothappentousinreallife,andthenaskourselveswhatwewoulddointhatsi

35、tuation.Besides,wereadmorebooksandfewermistakeswouldbemadebyus.Forthat,wecanIeammoremistakeexamplesfrombookssothatwewillmakefewmistakesinthefuture.Soreadingcanmakeamanfullbecauseitcanmakethemantastealltheemotionsabouttheworldandhaveatrueunderstandingaboutthelife.OfStudiesalsoteachusthatweshouldchoos

36、esomebooktoread,butnotreadallthebooks.Someusefulbooksshouldbereadcarefullyandtakennotes.Differentbookshavedifferentfunctions,theessaytellsusthatreadingdifferentbookscanbringdifferentknowledgewhichwelack.Theessaysaysthatdifferentbookshavedifferentmethodstoread.Inaword,readingbooksofcertainfieldbrings

37、certainknowledgeandabilitywelack.OfStudiesgivesusthemethodofreadingbooksandgettingknowledge.Italsotellsusdifferentbookshavedifferentfunctionsforus.Sowhetherreadingmakesafullmanliesinwhatbooksyoureadandhowyouread.Readingarightbookcanmakeamanmorewise,moreemotionalandmorerespected.Poems:HanlletP8l.Whyi

38、ssleepsofrightening,accordingtoHamlet5sinceitcanendtheheartacheandthethousandnaturalshocks？NobodycanpredictWhathewilldreamofafterhefallsQS/e.Deathmeanstheendoflife,youmaygotoorunknownworldandyoucan,tcomeback,.Ifhedies,Hamlet,scan,trealizehiswill.Thoughsleep“canendtheheartacheandthethousandnaturalsho

39、cks,itisastateofmind.Hamletdidn,tknowatall.Heisfrightenedbythepossiblesufferinginthelong“dream”.Hecan,tpredictwhatwillhappeninthesleep,maybegoodmaybeevil.2 .Whywouldpeopleratherbearallthesufferingsoftheworldinsteadofchoosingdeathtogetridofthem,accordingtoHamlet?Deathissomysteriousthatnobodyknowswhat

40、deathwillbringtous.Maybebittersufferings,greatpains,heartbreakingstories.Becmsepeopleholdthesameidea11togruntandsweatunderawearylife,butthatthedreadofsomethingafterdeath-theundiscover,dcountry,formwhoseboumnotravelerretums-puzzlethewill,andmakeusratherbearthoseillswehavethanflytoothersthatweknownoto

41、f7,Peoplealsoarefrightenedbythemythsinanotherworldafterdeath.3 .What,afterall,makespeoplelosetheirdeterminationtotakeaction?Pleaseexplaininrelationtotheso-calledhesitationofHamlet.Conscienceandover-considerations.Hewantstorevenge,butdoesnftknowhow.Hewantstokillhisuncle,butfindsittoorisky.Helivesinde

42、spairandwantstocommitsuicide.However,heknowsifhedies,nobodywillcomforthisfather,sghost.Heisinfaceofgreatdilemma.Theydon,tknowtheresultaftertheirtakingtheaction.SuchasHamlet,hedoesn,tknowwhatwouldhappenifhekillshisuncleorkillshimself.SoHamletwashesitated.SOnnet18P731 .Howdoesthepoetanswerthequestionh

43、eputsforthinthefirstline?(Page14)Thepoetopenswithaquestionthatisaddressedtothebeloved,nShallIcomparetheetoasummer,sday?nThisquestioniscomparing“theetothesummertimeoftheyear.Itisduringthistimewhentheflowersareblooming,treesarefullofleaves,theweatheriswarm,anditisgenerallyconsideredasanenjoyabletimedu

44、ringtheyear.Thefollowingelevenlinesinthepoemarealsodedicatedtosimilarcomparisonsbetweenthebelovedandsummerdays.InIineS2and3,thespeakerexplainswhatmainlyseparatestheyoungwomanfromthesummer,sday:sheis11morelovelyandmoretemperate.(Line2)Summerdaysaresometimesshakenbyroughwinds(Iine3)whichhappensandisno

45、talwaysaswelcomingasthewoman.HoweverinIiOe4,thepoetgivesthefeelingagainthatthesummermonthsareoftentooshortbysaying,nAndsummerleasehathtooshortadate.*Inthesummerdays,thesun,theeyeofheaven(line5),oftenshinestoohot,ortoodim,hisgoldcomplexiondimmed(line6)aseveryfairfromfairsometimedeclines.(Line7)Thefin

46、alportionofthesonnettellshowthebeloveddiffersfromthesummerinvariousaspects.Herbeautywillbeonethatlastsforever,Thyeternalsummershallnotfade.(Line9),andneverendordie.AtIaSttwoIines,thepoetexplainshowthebeloved,sbeautywillaccomplishthiseverlastinglifeunlikesummerdays.Anditisbecauseherbeautyiskeptalivei

47、nthispoem,whichwilllastforever.Itwilllive11aslongasmencanbreatheoreyescansee.*(Line13)thepoemisoutwardlyasimplestatementofpraiseaboutthebeautyofthebelovedwomanandperhapssummertothespeakerissometimestoounpleasantwiththeextremesofwindinessandheatthatgoalongwithit.However,thebelovedinthepoemisalwaysmil

48、dandtemperatebyhernatureandnothingatalllikethesummer.Atlast,thepoetstartstopraisethatthebelovedissogreatandawingthatsheistoliveforeverinthissonnet.Thebelovedissogreatthatthespeakerwillevengoasfarastosaythat,Solongasmenbreathe,oreyescansee,solonglivesthisandthisgiveslifetothee.,(line1314)thatthebelov

49、edisdeservingtoliveonforever.2 .Whatmakesthepoetthinkthat“thou”canbemorebeautifulthansummerandimmortal?Attheverybeginning,thepoetputsforthaquestion:ShallIcomparetheetoasummer,sday?”Thenhegivesananswer:Thouartmorelovelyandmoretemperate.,Ontheonehand,uRoughwindsdoshakethedarlingbudsofMay,andsummer,sleasehathalltooshortadate;ontheotherhand,“Sometimetoohottheheavenshines,andoftenishisgoldcomplexiondimmed.Sofromtheabovetwoaspectsthepoetthinksthat“thouc