ISO 16809 2025.docx

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1、Z5XISOInternationalStandardISO16809Thirdedition2025-06Non-destructivetesting一UltrasonicthicknessdeterminationEssaisnondestructifsDeterminationdeUepaisseurparultrasonsReferencenumberISO16809:2025(en)COPYRIGHTPROTECTEDDOCUMENTISO2025Allrightsreserved.Unlessotherwisespecified,orrequiredinthecontextofit

2、simplementation,nopartofthispublicationmaybereproducedorutilizedotherwiseinanyformorbyanymeans,electronicormechanical,includingphotocopying,orpostingontheinternetoranintranet,withoutpriorwrittenpermission.PermissioncanberequestedfromeitherISOattheaddressbeloworISO,smemberbodyinthecountryoftherequest

3、er.ISOcopyrightofficeCP401Ch.deBlandonnet8CH-1214Vernier,GenevaPhone:+41227490111Email:copyrightiso.orgWebsite:www.iso.orgPublishedinSwitzerlandContentsPageForewordv1 Scope12 Normativereferences13 Termsanddefinitions14 Modesofdetermination15 Generalrequirements35.1 Ultrasonicinstruments35.2 Probes35

4、3 Couplant35.4 Referenceblocks45.5 Testobjects45.6 Qualificationoftestpersonnel46 Applicationofthetechniques46.1 Surfaceconditionandsurfacepreparation46.2 Technique56.2.1 General56.2.2 Determinationduringmanufacture56.2.3 Determinationofresidualwallthicknessinservice66.3 Selectionofprobe66.4 Select

5、ionofultrasonicinstrument.76.5 Specialtestconditions76.5.1 General.76.5.2 Materialsdifferentfromthematerialofthereferenceblock76.5.3 Determinationattemperaturesbelow076.5.4 Determinationatelevatedtemperatures86.5.5 Hazardousatmospheres87 Instrumentsetting87.1 General87.2 Methodsofsetting87.2.1 Gener

6、al87.2.2 Ultrasonicinstrumentswithnumericaldisplay97.2.3 UltrasonicinstrumentswithA-scanpresentation97.3 Checksofsettings108 Influenceonaccuracy118.1 Operationalconditions118.1.1 Surfaceconditions118.1.2 Temperatureofthetestobject118.1.3 Metalliccoating118.1.4 Non-metalliccoating128.1.5 Geometry138.

7、1.6 Materialhomogeneity138.2 Testequipment148.2.1 Resolution148.2.2 Range148.3 Evaluationofaccuracy158.3.1 General158.3.2 Influencingparameters158.3.3 Methodofcalculation.159 Influenceofmaterials159.1 General159.2 Inhomogeneity159.3 Anisotropy159.4 Soundattenuation159.5 Surfaceconditions169.5.1 Gene

8、ral169.5.2 Testsurface169.5.3 Reflectingsurface169.5.4 Corrosionanderosion1710 Testreport1710.1 General1710.2 Generalinformation1710.3 Testresults18Annex A (informative)Corrosioninvesselsandpiping19Annex B (informative)Instrumentsettings24Annex C (informative)Parametersinfluencingaccuracy27Annex D (

9、informative)Selectionoftechniqueforthicknessdetermination31Bibliography34ForewordISO(theInternationalOrganizationforStandardization)isaworldwidefederationofnationalstandardsbodies(ISOmemberbodies).TheworkofpreparingInternationalStandardsisnormallycarriedoutthroughISOtechnicalcommittees.Eachmemberbod

10、yinterestedinasubjectforwhichatechnicalcommitteehasbeenestablishedhastherighttoberepresentedonthatcommittee.Internationalorganizations,governmentalandnon-governmental,inliaisonwithISO,alsotakepartinthework.ISOcollaboratescloselywiththeInternationalElectrotechnicalCommission(IEC)onallmattersofelectro

11、technicalstandardization.TheproceduresusedtodevelopthisdocumentandthoseintendedforitsfurthermaintenancearedescribedintheISO/IECDirectives,Part1.Inparticular,thedifferentapprovalcriterianeededforthedifferenttypesofISOdocumentshouldbenoted.ThisdocumentwasdraftedinaccordancewiththeeditorialrulesoftheIS

12、O/IECDirectives,Part2(seeWWW.iso.org/directives).ISOdrawsattentiontothepossibilitythattheimplementationofthisdocumentmayinvolvetheuseof（八）patent(三).ISOtakesnopositionconcerningtheevidence,validityorapplicabilityofanyclaimedpatentrightsinrespectthereof.Asofthedateofpublicationofthisdocument,ISOhadnot

13、receivednoticeof（八）patent(三)whichmayberequiredtoimplementthisdocument.HoweverlImplementersarecautionedthatthismaynotrepresentthelatestinformation,whichmaybeobtainedfromthepatentdatabaseavailableatWWW.iso.org/patents.ISOshallnotbeheldresponsibleforidentifyinganyorallsuchpatentrights.Anytradenameusedi

14、nthisdocumentisinformationgivenfortheconvenienceofusersanddoesnotconstituteanendorsement.Foranexplanationofthevoluntarynatureofstandards,themeaningofISOspecifictermsandexpressionsrelatedtoconformityassessment,aswellasinformationaboutISOsadherencetotheWorldTradeOrganization(WTO)principlesintheTechnic

15、alBarrierstoTrade(TBT),seeWWW.iso.org/iso/foreword.htmLThisdocumentwaspreparedbyTechnicalCommitteeISO/TC135,Non-destructivetesting,SubcommitteeSC3,Ultrasonictesting,incollaborationwiththeEuropeanCommitteeforStandardization(CEN)TechnicalCommitteeCEN/TC138,Non-destructivetesting,inaccordancewiththeAgr

16、eementontechnicalcooperationbetweenISOandCEN(ViennaAgreement).Thisthirdeditioncancelsandreplacesthesecondedition(ISO16809:2017),whichhasbeentechnicallyrevised.Themainchangesareasfollows: terminologyinthedocumenthasbeenmodified,changingmeasurementtodetermination; terminologyhasbeenalignedwithISO16831

17、 ultrasonicinstrumentswithA-scanpresentationthatconformwithISO22232-1canbeusedtodeterminewallthicknesses; allfigureshavebeenimproved.Anyfeedbackorquestionsonthisdocumentshouldbedirectedtotheusersnationalstandardsbody.AcompletelistingofthesebodiescanbefoundatWWW.iso.org/membnrs.htmLNon-destructivede

18、terminationtestingUltrasonicthickness1 ScopeThisdocumentspecifiesprinciplesfordeterminationofthethicknessofmetallicandnon-metallicmaterialsusingthecontacttechniqueorimmersiontechnique,basedonmeasurementofthetimeofflightofultrasonicpulsesonly.2 NormativereferencesThefollowingdocumentsarereferredtoint

19、hetextinsuchawaythatsomeoralloftheircontentconstitutesrequirementsofthisdocument.Fordatedreferences,onlytheeditioncitedapplies.Forundatedreferences,thelatesteditionofthereferenceddocument(includinganyamendments)applies.ISO5577,Non-destructivetestingUltrasonictestingVocabularyISO16831lNon-destructive

20、testingUltrasonictestingCharacterizationandverificationOfuItrasonicequipmentforthedeterminationOfthicknessISO22232-1,Non-destructivetestingCharacterizationandverificationOfuItrasonictestequipmentPart1:InstrumentsISO22232-2,Non-destructivetestingCharacterizationandverificationOfuItrasonictestequipmen

21、tPart2 :Probes3 TermsanddefinitionsForthepurposesofthisdocument,thetermsanddefinitionsgiveninISO5577apply.ISOandIECmaintainterminologydatabasesforuseinstandardizationatthefollowingaddresses: ISOOnlinebrowsingplatform:availableathttps:WWW.iso.orgobp IECElectropedia:availableathttps:/www.electropedia.

22、org/4ModesofdeterminationThethicknessofatestobjectisdeterminedbyaccuratelymeasuringthetimerequiredforashortultrasonicpulsegeneratedbyatransducertotravelthroughthethicknessofthematerialonce,twiceorseveraltimes.Thematerialthicknessiscalculatedbymultiplyingtheknownsoundvelocityofthematerialofthetestobj

23、ectwiththemeasuredtimeofflightanddividingbythenumberoftimesthepulsetransitsthematerialwall.Thisprinciplecanbeaccomplishedbyapplyingoneofthefollowingmodes(seeFigure1).a) Mode1:measurethetimeofflightfromaninitialexcitationpulsetoafirstreturningecho,minusazeropointcorrectiontoaccountforthethicknessofth

24、eprobeswearplateordelaypathandthecouplantlayer(single-echomode).b) Mode2:measurethetimeofflightfromtheendofadelaylinetothefirstbackwallecho(single-echodelaylinemode).c) Mode3:measurethetimeofflightbetweenbackwallechoes(multiple-echomode).d) Mode4:measurethetimeofflightforapulsetravellingfromthetrans

25、mittertoareceiverincontactwiththebackwall(through-transmissionmode).Ei1transmit/receiveprobetransmitprobereceiveprobeAAlA2transmitterpulseindicationbackwallechoesinterfaceechoDE1toE3FA3dual-transducerprobeBtestobjectCtimeofflightGdelaypathHreceivedpulseIinterfaceNOTETheinterfaceechoistypicallynotvis

26、ibleformode1.Figure1Modesofdetermination5Generalrequirements5.1 UltrasonicinstrumentsTheultrasonicinstrumentshallfulfiltherequirementsofISO16831orISO22232-Ldependingonthetypeofinstrument.Thefollowingtypesofultrasonicinstrumentsshallbeusedtoperformthicknessdetermination:a) dedicatedultrasonicinstrume

27、ntsforthedeterminationofthicknesswithonlynumericaldisplayshowingthedeterminedthicknessvalue;b) dedicatedultrasonicinstrumentsforthedeterminationofthicknesswithnumericaldisplayshowingthedeterminedthicknessvalueandA-scanpresentation;c) ultrasonicinstrumentsnotlimitedtothicknessdeterminationbutdesigned

28、primarilyforthedetectionofdiscontinuitieswithA-scanpresentation.Theoperatorreadsthepositionofasignalonthetimebaseofthedisplay,orthistypeofultrasonicinstrumentcanalsoincludeagateandnumericaldisplayshowingthedeterminedthicknessvalue.See6Afortheselectionofultrasonicinstrument.5.2 ProbesTheprobe(三)shall

29、initiallybeinaccordancewithISO22232-2.Thefollowingtypesofprobesshallbeused(thesearegenerallylongitudinalwavestraight-beamprobes):一dual-transducerprobes;single-transducerprobes.See63fortheselectionofprobe.5.3 Couplanta) Acousticcontactbetweentheprobe(三)andthetestobjectshallbeprovided,normallybyapplic

30、ationofafluidorgel.b) Thecouplantshallnothaveanyadverseeffectonthetestobject,theequipmentorrepresentahealthhazardtotheoperator.c) Thecouplantshallbechosentosuitthesurfaceconditionsandtheirregularitiesofthesurfacetoensureadequatecoupling.d) Differentcouplingmediacanbeused,buttheirtypeshallbecompatibl

31、ewiththematerialstobetested.Examplesare: water,possiblycontaininganagent,e.g.wetting,anti-freeze,corrosioninhibitor; contactpaste;oil;ISO2025-Allrightsreserved grease; cellulosicpastecontainingwater.e) Thecharacteristicsofthecouplingmediumshallremainconstantthroughouttheverification,thesettingoperat

32、ionsandthetesting.f) Thecouplingmediumshallbesuitableforthetemperaturerangeinwhichitwillbeused.g) Aftertestingiscompleted,thecouplingmediumshallberemovedifitspresencewilladverselyaffectsubsequentoperationsoruseofthetestobject.Fortheuseofthecouplantinspecialtestconditions,see6.5.5.4 Referenceblocksa)

33、 Theequipmentshallbesetusingoneormoresamplesorreferenceblocksrepresentativeofthetestobject,i.e.havingcomparabledimensions,materialandstructure.b) Thethicknessesoftheblocksorthestepsshouldcovertherangeofthicknesstobedetermined.c) Thethicknessorthesoundvelocity,orboth,ofthereferenceblocksshallbeknown.

34、5.5 Testobjectsa) Thetestobjectshallallowforultrasonicwavepropagation.b) Thereshallbefreeaccesstoeachindividualareatobetested.c) Thesurfaceoftheareatobetestedshallbefreeofalldirt,grease,lint,scale,weldingfluxandspatter,oilorotherextraneousmatterthatcaninterferewiththetesting.d) Ifthesurfaceiscoated,

35、thecoatingshallhavegoodadhesiontothematerial.Otherwiseitshallberemoved.e) Whentestingthroughcoating,itsthicknessandsoundvelocityneedtobeknownunlessmode3isused.Forfurtherdetails,see6rlandClaUSe8.5.6 Qualificationoftestpersonnela) Anoperatorperformingultrasonicthicknessdeterminationaccordingtothisdocu

36、mentshallhaveabasicknowledgeofthephysicsofultrasound,andadetailedunderstandingandtrainingrelatedtoultrasonicthicknessdetermination.b) Inaddition,theoperatorshallhaveknowledgeoftheproductandmaterialtobetested.c) ItisrecommendedthatpersonnelisqualifiedinaccordancewithISO9712orequivalent.6Applicationof

37、thetechniques6.1 SurfaceconditionandsurfacepreparationUsingthepulse-echotechniquemeansthattheultrasonicpulseneedstopassthetestsurfacebetweentestobjectandtheprobeatleasttwice:whenenteringtheobjectandwhenleavingit.Therefore,acleanandevencontactareawithatleasttwicetheprobesdiameterispreferred.Poorconta

38、ctwillresultinlossofenergy,distortionofsignalsandsoundpath.a) Toenablesoundpropagationallloosepartsandnon-adherentcoatingsshallberemovedbybrushingorgrinding.b) Attachedlayers,likecolourcoating,plating,enamels,maystayontheobject,butonlyafewultrasonicinstrumentsareabletoexcludetheselayersfromthethickn

39、essdetermination.c) Veryoften,thicknessdeterminationneedstobedoneoncorrodedsurfaces,e.g.storagetanksandpipelines.Toincreasetheaccuracyinthiscase,thetestsurfaceshouldbegroundwithinanareaatleasttwotimestheprobesdiameter.Thisareashouldbecleanedfromcorrosionproducts.Whengrinding,careshouldbetakennottore

40、ducethethicknessbelowtheminimumacceptablevalue.6.2 Technique6.2.1 GeneralThetaskofultrasonicthicknessdeterminationcanbeseparatedintotwoapplicationareas: determinationduringmanufacture; determinationofresidualwallthicknessinservice.Eachareahasitsownspecialconditionswhichrequirespecialtechniques.Using

41、knowledgeofthematerial,geometryandapproximatethicknesstobedeterminedandtherequiredaccuracy,themostsuitabletestequipmentandmodeshallbeselectedasfollowsfAnnexDgivesguidance):a) dependingonthethicknessandthematerial,frequenciesfrom100kHzwiththrough-transmissiontechniqueonhighlyattenuativematerialsupto5

42、0MHzonthinmetalsheetsshallbeused;b) ifdual-transducerprobesareused,thencompensationforV-patherrorisrequired;c) oncurvedtestobjects,thediameteroftheprobecontactareashallbesignificantlysmallerthanthediameterofthetestobject.Theaccuracyofthethicknessdeterminationdependsonhowaccuratethetimeofflightcanbem

43、easured,onthemeasurementmodeforthetimedifference(zerocrossing,flank-to-flank,peak-to-peak),onthemodeofdetermination(withmultipleechoes,mode3,theaccuracyishigherthanwithmodes1and2),andonthefrequencieswhichcanbeused(higherfrequenciesprovidehigheraccuracythanlowerfrequenciesbecauseofthemoreaccuratetime

44、measurement).d) Ultrasonicthicknessdeterminationisoftenrequiredoveranareaofthetestobject.Wherethisisthecase,considerationshallbegiventothespacingbetweentestinglocations.e) Suchspacingshallbeevenandtheuseofagridisrecommended.f) Thegridsizeshallbeselectedtogiveabalancebetweentheconfidenceintheresults,

45、detectionoflocalthicknessvariationsandtheworkcontentinvolved.Todeterminethethicknessultrasonicallymeansmeasuringthetimeofflightandthencalculatingthethicknessassumingaconstantsoundvelocity(seeClause7).Ifthesoundvelocityisnotconstantwithinthepaththeultrasonicpulsehastravelled,theaccuracyofthedetermina

46、tionwillbeseverelyaffected.1.1.2 Determinationduringmanufacture1.1.2.1 Modes1,2and3a) Wherethepulse-echomodeisused,theflowchartsinFigUreSD.landD12giveguidanceontheselectionofthebesttechniqueandequipment.b) Thicknessdeterminationoncleanparallelsurfacesmaybecarriedoutwithsimpleultrasonicinstrumentsfor

47、thicknessdeterminationwithnumericaldisplaytype5a).c) Oncompositematerialswhichgenerateechoesinadditiontothebackwallecho,itisrecommendedthatultrasonicinstrumentswithA-scanpresentationtype5b)or5c)beusedtoselectthecorrectechoforthethicknessdetermination.1.1.2.2 Mode4Ifthematerialishighlyattenuativeandlargethicknessesneedtobetested,nopulse-echotechniquecanbeused,i.e.onlythrough-transmission(mode4)isapplicable.a) Twoprobesonoppositesidesofthetestobjectshallthenbeused.b) Theultrasonicinstrumentthereforeshallallowforoperationwithseparatetransmitterandreceiver(TRmode).c)