对外宣传翻译策略.ppt
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1、外宣翻译策略Strategies for C-E Translation of Publicity Materials 什么是 strategy(策略)?a plan of action or policy designed to achieve a major or overall aim -Oxford English Dictionary 基本义:根据形势发展而制定的行动方针和斗争方式。-现代汉语全功能词典外国学者论翻译策略Krings(1986:18)defines translation strategy as“translators potentially conscious pl
2、ans for solving concrete translation problems in the framework of a concrete translation task”.外国学者论翻译策略Seguinot(1989)believes that there are at least three global strategies employed by the translators:(i)translating without interruption for as long as possible;(ii)correcting surface errors immedia
3、tely;(iii)leaving the monitoring for qualitative or stylistic errors in the text to the revision stage.外国学者论翻译策略Venuti(1998:240)indicates that translation strategies involve the basic tasks of choosing the foreign text to be translated and developing a method to translate it.He employs the concepts
4、of domesticating and foreignizing to refer to translation strategies.外国学者论翻译策略Jaaskelainen(1999:71)considers strategy as,a series of competencies,a set of steps or processes that favor the acquisition,storage,and/or utilization of information.He maintains that strategies are heuristic and flexible i
5、n nature,and their adoption implies a decision influenced by amendments in the translators objectives.Jaaskelainen(2005)divides strategies into two major categories:some strategies relate to what happens to texts,while other strategies relate to what happens in the process.外国学者论翻译策略Newmark(1988)ment
6、ions the difference between translation methods and translation procedures.He writes that,while translation methods relate to whole texts,translation procedures are used for sentences and the smaller units of language.He goes on to refer to the following methods of translation:外国学者论翻译策略Word-for-word
7、 translation:in which the SL word order is preserved and the words translated singly by their most common meanings,out of context.Literal translation:in which the SL grammatical constructions are converted to their nearest TL equivalents,but the lexical words are again translated singly,out of conte
8、xt.外国学者论翻译策略Faithful translation:it attempts to produce the precise contextual meaning of the original within the constraints of the TL grammatical structures.Semantic translation:which differs from faithful translation only in as far as it must take more account of the aesthetic value of the SL tex
9、t.Adaptation:which is the freest form of translation,and is used mainly for plays(comedies)and poetry;the themes,characters,plots are usually preserved,the SL culture is converted to the TL culture and the text is rewritten.外国学者论翻译策略Free translation:it produces the TL text without the style,form,or
10、content of the original.Idiomatic translation:it reproduces the message of the original but tends to distort nuances of meaning by preferring colloquialisms and idioms where these do not exist in the original.Communicative translation:it attempts to render the exact contextual meaning of the origina
11、l in such a way that both content and language are readily acceptable and comprehensible to the readership(1988b:45-47).外宣翻译原则黄友义(2004)提出在外宣翻译中有两条原则必须坚持:一、充分考虑文化差异,努力跨越文化鸿沟二、熟知外国语言习俗,防止落入文字陷阱程镇球论政治文章翻译程镇球认为:在政治文章的翻译中,我们掌握忠实的标准就要严格得多。这是因为政治文章涉及国家大政方针,基本政策等,稍一疏忽,后果严重。首先,我们必须紧扣原文,不得任意增删。其次,政治文章的翻译要仔细衡量
12、用词的政治含义与影响。第三,从事政治文章翻译的同志要有政策头脑和政治敏感。第四,政治文章的翻译要注意掌握分寸,用词轻重恰如其分。(p100-109)外宣翻译中的词语翻译策略直译解释性翻译补全词义归化政治性考量外来词的回译直译对于比较容易通过简练的词语翻译出来,而在目的语中而又不会产生额外信息加值或者减值的词语可以采取直译的形式,比如“纸老虎”翻译成“paper tiger”对于中国文化中在局部处于强势的内容,亦可以使用直译的方式比如,中华美食源远流长,在世界各国基本上都有众多的中餐馆和外卖店(take-away),可以说中华饮食文化具有一定的优势地位,因此,我们可以看到英文出现的“spring
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